Summary: The organized youth crime that exists today is a relatively newsocial problem in most parts of our country. Younger people are drawn intothe criminal lifestyle and the phenomenon is an upgoing trend in Sweden,especially in ages between 15-20. In this study we wanted to see how oursociety responds to this phenomenon, in a local context. Our study is done ina municipality with 70 000+ inhabitants.We choose to use a case study as a research method. The empirical datacollected through interviews, with a total of eight respondents affiliated tothe phenomenon. The results given from the interviews shows that there is alack of clarity in how the phenomenon should be handled. We could see thatthe interventions of the problem are still under development. There aredifferent views on who carries what responsibility and which interventionsare most appropriate to these young kids. The schools approach seems to notmatch the target groups needs and their actions can be seen as one of thesocial mechanisms that is enabling the problem.

[pt] Crimes na adolescência impõem custos não triviais para a sociedade, o que tornou seus determinantes e fatores dissuasivos cada vez mais sujeitos a estudo por economistas. Intervenções no nível da escola são comumente propostas com o objetivo de mitigar o surgimento de carreiras criminais e a perpetuação da violência. Entretanto, as direções e os canais pelos quais as escolas afetam crime podem variar. Esse artigo estuda um deles - os esfeitos de incapacitação - explorando um programa federal que aumentou as horas escolares em escolas públicas brasileiras. Usando variação quasiexperimental na probabilidade de aderir ao programa e dados georreferenciados de crime do estado de São Paulo, é possível estimar os feitos causais do programa em atividade criminal ao redor das escolas. Os resultados sugerem que incapacitação de fato previne jovens de cometerem crimes menos severos, com evidência mais forte para crimes relacionados a drogas e para escolas com alunos mais pobres. / [en] Juvenile crime imposes non-trivial costs to societies, which have made its determinants and deterrents increasingly subject of study by economists. School-based interventions are often proposed in order to mitigate the rise in criminal careers and the perpetuation of violence. However, the directions and channels through which schooling may affect crime vary. This paper studies one of them - namely the incapacitation effects - exploiting a federal program that extended school hours in Brazilian public schools. Using quasiexperimental variation in the probability of receiving the program and georeferenced crime data from the state of São Paulo, it is possible to estimate the causal effect of the program on criminal activity in the surroundings of the schools. Results suggest incapacitation does prevent juvelines from engaging in less offensive crimes, with stronger evidence for drug-related crimes and for schools with poorer students.

The dissertation analyses job-related education, training and development in Soweto since 1940. The effect which the interference of the National Party government had on jobrelated education for black South Africans in Soweto is examined, as it is of importance to know that qualifiers were only permitted to operate as trades people in the bantustans and not in the "white" cities. It is discussed that prior to the assassination of prime minister Dr H F Verwoerd in 1966, the NP government had little interest in promoting urban black upliftment. Also mentioned is the economic situation at that time, which forced the N P government to introduce the Manpower Training Act, permitting Africans to qualify in trades which were until 1981 reserved for whites only. At the eentre of the discussion are the few Sowetan colleges which deal with job-related education. training and development in the African township. Despite the demand for skills training of black South Africans, training deteriorated and the dissertation investigates the reasons surrounding the loss of interest in the communities and why interest groups were no longer concerned about this type of training. The dissertation concludes with a possible future perspective which needs to be implemented to enable job-related education, training and development in Soweto to expand. The need to train Sowetans in their own colleges as opposed to colleges outside Soweto is examined. / History / M.A. (History)

The dissertation analyses job-related education, training and development in Soweto since 1940. The effect which the interference of the National Party government had on jobrelated education for black South Africans in Soweto is examined, as it is of importance to know that qualifiers were only permitted to operate as trades people in the bantustans and not in the "white" cities. It is discussed that prior to the assassination of prime minister Dr H F Verwoerd in 1966, the NP government had little interest in promoting urban black upliftment. Also mentioned is the economic situation at that time, which forced the N P government to introduce the Manpower Training Act, permitting Africans to qualify in trades which were until 1981 reserved for whites only. At the eentre of the discussion are the few Sowetan colleges which deal with job-related education. training and development in the African township. Despite the demand for skills training of black South Africans, training deteriorated and the dissertation investigates the reasons surrounding the loss of interest in the communities and why interest groups were no longer concerned about this type of training. The dissertation concludes with a possible future perspective which needs to be implemented to enable job-related education, training and development in Soweto to expand. The need to train Sowetans in their own colleges as opposed to colleges outside Soweto is examined. / History / M.A. (History)