Th.--Lett.--Paris 3, 1978.

No description available.

En 1954, lorsque Kateb Yacine publie Le Cadavre encerclé dans la revue Esprit, le metteur en scène Jean-Marie Serreau s’enthousiasme pour ce texte. Jean-Marie Serreau est alors un acteur très important de l’avant-garde théâtrale, qui mène une recherche esthétique et politique. Il est alors en train d’œuvrer à ce que la critique appellera plus tard le théâtre de la décolonisation. Le texte, publié dans une revue militante, mis en scène par un homme de théâtre engagé, représenté à Bruxelles lors d’une soirée très ouvertement politique, est d’emblée interprété comme un texte de militant. Pourtant, une étude de ce texte par le biais d’une approche sociocritique, en le confrontant à la production littéraire face à laquelle Kateb Yacine va se positionner ainsi qu’au discours ambiant, permet de porter un autre regard sur ce texte. À la lumière des archives de l’auteur, de sa production littéraire de jeunesse, systématiquement occultée par la critique, il apparaît que le texte relève plutôt d’un geste créateur typiquement romantique, dans la lignée des poètes romantiques qui furent les modèles de Kateb Yacine. Le texte est investi d’un matériau autobiographique très important, qui va être totalement occulté au moment de la réception du texte : en 1954, en plein commencement de la guerre d’Algérie, ce n’est pas un poète lyrique que les milieux littéraires réclament, mais un auteur militant. Les travaux de Jérôme Meizoz sur la notion de posture permettent de cerner les stratégies que Kateb a peu à peu élaborées pour négocier son apparition sur la scène littéraire. Le matériau autobiographique de l’œuvre, quant à lui, tentera de ressurgir au cours de la collaboration entre Kateb Yacine et Jean-Marie Serreau, pour finalement réapparaître dans la dernière œuvre de Kateb. Cette pièce sur la vie de Robespierre, Le Bourgeois sans-culotte, devient alors une pièce testamentaire, une cérémonie d’adieux de Kateb Yacine. / When Kateb Yacine publishes Le Cadavre encerclé in the review Esprit, in 1954, Jean-Marie Serreau praises this text immediately. At this time, Jean-Marie Serreau was a famous stage director and a very important pioneer of the dramatic avant-garde. His researches were both aesthetic and political at the same time. When he discovered Kateb Yacine, he was working on a very special kind of theatre, with the critics called the decolonisation theatre. Kateb’s text was published in a militant review, put on stage by someone who was an activist and performed in Brussels as part of a militant event : the text is immediately interpreted as militant itself. But a different analysis method – the sociocritical one – enables us to promote a different point of view. Studying how the text faces the contemporary litterary production makes appear how the writer tries to invent his position. The writer’s archives, his youth poems and letters, help us to understand that he does not write as a militant writer but as a romantic one – his models are XIXth century writers. The text shelters an important autobiographical material, which is condamned to be denied by the critics : in 1954 the war starts in Algeria, and the litterary circles do not want a lyrical poet but a commited writer to claim for decolonisation. Jérôme Meizoz’ works on the position concept enables us to stydu how Kateb Yacine constantly negociated the image he was assimilated to in this circles, his identity and position as a writer. Concerning the autobiographical material, Kateb Yacine will try to make it reappear all through his collaboration with Jean-Marie Serreau. It will finaly reappear in Kateb’s last play, Le Bourgeois sans-culotte. Originaly dedicated to Robespierre’s life, the play becomes Kateb’s testimony.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Paris III, 1978. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 1048-1129).

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Paris III, 1978. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 1048-1129).

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar elementos que constituem a nação argelina presentes num dos principais romances da literatura magrebina de língua francesa: Nedjma, do escritor argelino Kateb Yacine. A obra foi publicada em 1956, época caracterizada pelas tensões decorrentes do início da guerra de independência (1954-1962) que dividiam o país em dois, entre aqueles que preferiam uma Argélia francesa e aqueles que não renunciavam à luta por uma nação independente. As rupturas decorrentes da colonização francesa e as diversas invasões ao longo de sua história marcam a narrativa do romance, cuja análise demonstra que Nedjma vem à luz para afirmar a singularidade argelina. Afinal, sua escrita se faz nos interstícios do conflito entre duas culturas distintas e revela o engajamento político de Kateb. Para o desenvolvimento da análise interpretativa, este trabalho apoia-se em teorias que problematizam as consequências da colonização para os povos submetidos a esse regime. / The present dissertation aims to analyze the elements that constitute the Algerian nation presented in one of the founding novels of Maghrebian literature in French: Nedjma, by the Algerian writer Kateb Yacine. The work was published in 1956, which was a period characterized by the tensions resulting from the beginning of the war of independence (1954- 1962) that divided the country into two, between those who preferred a French Algeria and those who did not stop struggling for an independent nation. The ruptures resulting from French colonization and the various invasions throughout its history mark the narrative of the novel, which analysis point out that Nedjma comes to light to show the Algerian singularity. Moreover, this novel is written under the conflicts between two different cultures and reveals Kateb´s political engagement. On the development of interpretive analysis, this paper draws on theories on the consequences of colonization for the people under this regime.

Kateb Yacine est un écrivain qui suscite des questionnements et mystères quant à la portée sémantique et structurelle de ses écrits. Porte-étendard de la conscience insoumise, son oeuvre est une tentative de reconstitution du passé à travers une écriture engagée, propre à penser et à agir debout. Son oeuvre se trouve au carrefour d’obsessions personnelles, de mythes collectifs et de l’histoire millénaire de l’Algérie. Sa vie même se recompose au sein de ses oeuvres marquées par l’éclatement poétique. le personnage de Nedjma qui est tout au plus une figure constante dans l'imaginaire katébien, suggère la forme géométrique de l'étoile comme une sorte d'alternative au mouvement concentrique de la temporalité narrative. L'éclatement des formes passe passe résolument par l'étoile qui concentre en elle la passion amoureuse, la pésie, le mythe et l'histoire. La figure de Nedjma a permis à Kateb d'exterioriser la complexité de ses débats personnels ainsi collectifs, en les approfondissant / Kateb Yacine is a writer who sparks questions and mysteries about the semantic and structural scope of his writings. Flagship of the rebellious conscience, his works is an attempt to rebuild the past trough engaged writing, able to think and to act up. His work lies at the crossroads of personal obsessions, collective myths and ancient history of Algeria. His life even decomposes in his works marked by poetic burst. the character of Nedjma is at most a constant figure of Katebian imaginary, suggests the geometric shape of the star as an alternative of the concentric motion of narrative temporality. The explosion of forms is resolutely through the star which concentrates in itself passionate love, poetry, myth and history. Nedjma figure allowed Kateb externalizing and deepening the complexity of his personal and collective discussions

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar elementos que constituem a nação argelina presentes num dos principais romances da literatura magrebina de língua francesa: Nedjma, do escritor argelino Kateb Yacine. A obra foi publicada em 1956, época caracterizada pelas tensões decorrentes do início da guerra de independência (1954-1962) que dividiam o país em dois, entre aqueles que preferiam uma Argélia francesa e aqueles que não renunciavam à luta por uma nação independente. As rupturas decorrentes da colonização francesa e as diversas invasões ao longo de sua história marcam a narrativa do romance, cuja análise demonstra que Nedjma vem à luz para afirmar a singularidade argelina. Afinal, sua escrita se faz nos interstícios do conflito entre duas culturas distintas e revela o engajamento político de Kateb. Para o desenvolvimento da análise interpretativa, este trabalho apoia-se em teorias que problematizam as consequências da colonização para os povos submetidos a esse regime. / The present dissertation aims to analyze the elements that constitute the Algerian nation presented in one of the founding novels of Maghrebian literature in French: Nedjma, by the Algerian writer Kateb Yacine. The work was published in 1956, which was a period characterized by the tensions resulting from the beginning of the war of independence (1954- 1962) that divided the country into two, between those who preferred a French Algeria and those who did not stop struggling for an independent nation. The ruptures resulting from French colonization and the various invasions throughout its history mark the narrative of the novel, which analysis point out that Nedjma comes to light to show the Algerian singularity. Moreover, this novel is written under the conflicts between two different cultures and reveals Kateb´s political engagement. On the development of interpretive analysis, this paper draws on theories on the consequences of colonization for the people under this regime.

Thèse--Lettres. / Bibliogr. p. 609-686 . Index.

La controverse des écrivains étiquetés « francophones » en 2006 indique la fin du « paradigme national de littérature ». Ce paradigme se construit sur trois unités : la langue, le peuple et la littérature. Fortement centralisée, la France est l’État qui a le mieux réussi à souder la nation et la littérature ; cette liaison se réalise par la territorialisation. Ceci dit, pour penser au contraire la littérature sans territoire et en dehors du paradigme national, il faut l’examiner en termes de la dissémination et de la déterritorialisation, ce qui devient d’ailleurs de plus en plus visibles aujourd’hui. Cette thèse discute le monde et la littérature dans l’optique de la Relation d’Édouard Glissant. Il observe trois trajectoires tracées par les écrivains modernes. La première part du Centre vers la périphérie, qui s’inscrit dans le contexte de la colonisation européenne du monde. La deuxième va dans le sens opposé, de la périphérie vers le Centre, ce qui correspond à la montée des coloniaux en Métropole ainsi qu’à leurs pensées anticolonialistes. Or, ces deux trajectoires sont identiques tant qu’elles s’articulent autour de la dichotomie Centre/périphérie et donnant corps à la Relation concentrique du monde. En revanche, la troisième démolit la dichotomie Centre/périphérie, errant d’une périphérie à une autre et réalisant la Relation interpériphérique. Appuyé sur le couple conceptuel d’arborescence et de rhizome proposé par Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari, cette thèse cartographier ces deux sortes de Relations. Elle vise de révéler le devenir-rhizome du monde en étudiant les œuvres d’Aimé Césaire, de Kateb Yacine et d’Édouard Glissant. / The controversy of so-called “francophone” writers in 2006 indicates the end of “national paradigm of literature”. This paradigm consists of three unities: language, people and literature. Because of its highly centralized system, France is the State that succeeded the most in bundling its nation and literature. Their tight connection is assured by the principle of territorializaion. Then, in order to think about literature without territory and outside national paradigm, it is necessary to examine it in terms of dissemination and deterritorialization, which are becoming increasingly visible today. This dissertation discusses about the world and literature in perspective of Édouard Glissant’s concept of Relation. He observes three trajectories that modern writers have drawn. The first trajectory departs from the Center to periphery that conforms to European colonization over the world. The second trajectory goes from colonial periphery to the Center, which corresponds with the migration of colonized people to Metropolitan France as well as their anti-colonial thoughts. Though, these two trajectories seem identical so far as they are constructed by Center/periphery dichotomy, realizing a concentric Relation of the world. The third trajectory, however, demolishes such Center/periphery dichotomy, by wandering from a periphery to another periphery and realizing the inter-peripheral Relation. Applying Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari’s pair of concepts, Tree and Rhizome, this dissertation maps those two sorts of Relations. It reveals the becoming-rhizome of the world by studying the literary works of Aimé Césaire, Kateb Yacine, and Édouard Glissant.