According to Johansson & Hjalmarsson (2003) the business advice industry targeting microenterprises, small and medium sized businesses is a multibillion pound activity throughout the world, but little research has been conducted upon the theoretical basis for this field. The content of the advice coming from the advice industry targeting microenterprises is questioned by both micro-entrepreneurs and researchers, according to Johansson (1997), who describes that the use of support services among microenterprises doesn’t answer to their needs. To figure out why the conception of growth advice doesn’t correspond between academics, entrepreneurs and advisors, the research question for this study is – what similarities and differences in content of microenterprise growth advice are there between entrepreneurs, academics and advisors? The purpose of the study is to identify and analyse these areas. This is a qualitative study that will be carried out with an inductive approach and exploratory design. Interviews and focus groups have been conducted with advisors and entrepreneurs, and in addition to this, a literature study has been performed. Further, the contents of business advice have been analysed, and in the final section of this paper conclusions are presented regarding what the conceptions are of microenterprise growth advice among academics, entrepreneurs as well as advisors. By having identified the differences and similarities among these conceptions a general statement about the business advice industry is made; in relation to both empirical findings and the theoretical background of this study.

This study illustrates how the power relation between the trustee and principals are experienced and maintained in proportion to the missions design. The main focus lies on understanding of how trustee perceives and applies the mission`s cornerstones and how power can be expressed in the relationship between trustees and principals. Nine semi-structured interviews were conducted with trustees whose principals were mentally disabled. The interviews were then analyzed with the support of Foucault's concept of discipline, knowledge, control, surveillance and reward/punishment and Tilly's theory of persistent inequality We have obtained an understanding of the complexity of the assignment regarding the mission`s cornerstones who goes into every other, and all respondents agreed that the cornerstones should be considered as a whole. We concluded that the trustee on the basis of the mission's design possesses a power that is necessary and important to have regarding the relation to his principal and its social network. Half of the trustees were well aware of the power they possess; however, all agreed that power is a negatively charged word that not necessarily needs to be operated in the guardianship. We could, based on empirical data, see that the power is used in various ways, both directly and indirectly against their principals and its social networks.

Studiens syfte har varit att undersöka vilka motiv som ligger bakom besökarnas val av gatuterapi och vilka erfarenheter de har av kontakt med offentliga myndigheter. Syftet var också att undersöka vilka upplevelser besökarna hade av gatuterapin samt studera vad som sker i mötet mellan gatuterapeuten och besökarna. Studien har genomförts utifrån en kvalitativ metodansats och bygger på intervjuer och observationer med 15 personer som besökt gatuterapin. För analysen har teorin om interaktionsritualer, teorin om transaktionella behov, stämplingsteorin, stigmatisering samt skam använts.   Resultatet visar att motiven bakom valet av gatuterapi är att gatuterapeuten har erfarenhet av missbruksproblem samt att han har tystnadsplikt och heller ingen anmälningsskyldighet. Erfarenheterna av offentliga myndigheter är både positiva och negativa. De har haft en god relation med några socialtjänsthandläggare, vilka de haft förtroende för, och de har gjorts delaktiga i beslutsfattandet. De negativa erfarenheterna handlar om att bli dömd, att känna skam, att inte bli lyssnad på eller att inte känna sig förstådd. Upplevelserna av gatuterapin är däremot enbart positiva: upplevelser av en god relation och tillit till gatuterapeuten, ett ökat självförtroende samt upplevelser av att inte bli dömd. I mötet mellan gatuterapeuten och besökarna tycktes besökarna bli lugnare samt erhålla en ökad nivå av emotionell energi. / The purpose of this study was to examine the reasons behind the visitor’s choice of street therapy and their experiences of contact with public authorities. The aim was also to examine the experiences visitors had of street therapy and to study what happens in the meeting between the street therapist and the visitors. The study was conducted based on a qualitative research approach and is based on interviews and observations of 15 people who visited the street therapy. For the analysis, the theory of interaction rituals, the theory of transactional needs, labeling theory, stigmatization and shame where used.   The result shows that the reasons behind the choice of street therapy is that the street therapist has his own experience of substance abuse problems, and that he has professional secrecy towards the visitors and towards the public authorities. The visitor’s experience of public authorities is both positive and negative. They have had a good relationship with some of the social workers, who they trusted, and they have been involved in the decision making. The negative experiences is about being judged, feelings of shame and not being listened to or felt understood. Experiences of street therapy is however only positive: experiences of a good relationship and trust with the street therapist, increased self-confidence and experiences of not being judged. In the meeting between the street therapist and the visitors it seemed liked the visitors became calmer and received an increased level of emotional energy.

Diploma thesis entitled focuses on acute pain in general, as well as on post-operation pain, which is one of the types of acute pain. The first part of the thesis deals with acute pain as such and its characteristics. The second part deals with intensive care units (ICU). The third part contains description of post-surgery pain, treatment thereof, and the nurse?s role in taking care of clients suffering post-surgery pain. Three goals have been outlined. Goal 1: Identification of the techniques that nurses use at ICUs to sooth clients? pain. Goal 2: Map the monitoring the pain of clients hospitalized at ICUs. Goal 3: Find out whether the techniques for reducing pain of clients hospitalized at ICUs are effective. A quality-oriented research was applied for evaluation of the results, using a method of non-standardized interview with nurses and clients.The results can be used as a comparative overview of the most common pain-reducing techniques and proof of their effectiveness for clients.

This thesis deals with the form of relationship actors (client and social worker) in social work profession, through the optics of interactive model. Thesis also deals with the role, purpose, important aspects, principles and values of helping relationship with regard to working with postmodern (relational) loss. The critical discussion treats with the possible relationship difficulties and paradoxes, which are viewed by ethical perspective. In all of the formulated relational paradoxes is valid, that the social worker has to think, reflect and be able to have publicly defend his dealing with the client

The increasing migration of population in the 21 century causes development of multicultural societies. With the increasing number of foreigners in individual countries it is possible to also presume an increasing number of patients/clients from different cultures in medical facilities. These facts require modern attitude to nursing, developing of transcultural nursing, implementing multi- and transcultural education in the health care education and propagation of multicultural conception of nursing between the nursing personnel. The result of these necessary changes should be the ability to provide effective nursing care which is culturally adjusted to the patient/client that would also take their specifics, customs and traditions of their culture into account and that would saturate all their biological, psychological, social and spiritual needs according to their race, nationality or belief. This thesis deals with multicultural nursing and confronts cultural competence of the nursing staff in Czech Republic with that in German-speaking countries. This thesis aim is to state the level of multicultural competence of the nursing staff and explore conditions provided to the nursing personnel of the hospital for giving culturally adapted care to patients-foreigners. The results of the research give an overview of the state of culturally competent care in comparable medical facilities in Czech Republic, Germany, Austria and Switzerland. They will also give a feedback to the questioned hospitals. Such information may alert their management to possible lack of knowledge of their nursing personnel and help them direct its further education. The theoretical part of the theses defines the basic concepts regarding culture, ethnic groups, race or nation, formulates the difference between the terms "multicultural" and "transcultural" nursing, multicultural education and culturally competent care, compile the most common sections of specific cultural needs of the individuals. In short it also processes J. Campinha-Bacote's model of cultural competence in health care delivery, the Papadopoulos, Tilki and Taylor Model for developing cultural competence and the Purnell Model for cultural competence. It also shortly deals with nursing frameworks for acquiring cultural data, such as the Sunrise model from M. Leininger, the Giger and Davidhizar Transcultural assessment model and Bloch's ethnic/cultural assessment guide. The empirical part processes and evaluates data obtained during the quantitative research. The accumulation of the data was conducted through anonymous questionnaires that were distributed between the nursing personnel of internal and surgical wards of the hospitals in Czech Republic and in German-speaking countries. In Czech Republic these were hospitals in Prague and in Tábor, in Germany a hospital in Dortmund and one in Cottbus, in Austria the hospitals in Salzburg and in Weiz and in Switzerland a hospital in Aarau and one in St. Gallen. The collection of the data was conducted either on-line or by way of printed questionnaire forms. The acquired data were valorized and sorted into diagrams and tables for further clarity. From the respondent´s answers follows that the queried medical facilities in Czech Republic do not provide sufficient conditions for their workers to give culturally competent nursing care on such a level, as it is at the facilities questioned in the German-speaking areas. The results also show that language skills of the nursing personnel in these hospitals in Czech Republic are worse than those in the German-speaking countries. With the level of multicultural competence the situation is similar; in this field Czech nursing personnel does not match their foreign counterpart. It is necessary to remark that this research sample of two hospitals from each of the countries is insufficient for the results to be applied on the whole Czech Republic or German speaking countries.

The work deals with the psychological aspects and impacts of clients of social services during the transformation process. It tries to show the practical situation and the reactions of clients who completed the transformation. How to perceive the different stages and what problems they faced. The first part describes the various phases of transformation, closer familarization with transforming unit and specifics of mental disability and psychiatric illness. The second part introduces humanistic psychology and its representatives. The third part is practical. It refers to the specific situations that have arisen in various stages and provides specific procedures for their solution. Discussion section refers to specific situations that clients have experienced. Approach and solutions that were used in these situations are based on humanistic psychology and it is based on the theory C. Rogers, R. and A. H. Maslow.

Author: Bc. Adéla HOLUBOVÁ Head diploma thesis: doc. PhDr. Valérie Tóthová, Ph.D.,R.N. Name diploma thesis: How minoritas perceive life periods of old age and death Style thesis: Diploma thesis Place and year publication: České Budějovice, 2007 Rate pages: 132 Key data words: Culture, multiculture, nurse, nurse, death, old age, Vietnam, vietnam patient

The thesis titled Biological Therapy in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Diseases deals with the needs of clients with Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis prior and after biological therapy. The role of nurses in biological therapy centres, including the application of this therapy, was also investigated. Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis are inflammatory bowel diseases. They are chronic inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which are accompanied by ample extraintestinal symptoms. This thesis also deals with biological therapy that involves the administration of highly effective substances of biological nature that inhibit specific sites of inflammatory reactions. This therapy is provided in centres of biological therapy and is used not only in gastroenterology but also in rheumatology and oncology. Teams of experts work in biological therapy centres; the task of these teams is to provide a comprehensive holistic health care. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and an empirical part. The theoretical part focuses mainly on Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis and biological therapy that helps patients suffering from these diseases. The methodological section employed qualitative research using in-depth semi-structured interviews with patients suffering from idiopathic inflammatory bowel diseases and with nurses who deal with these patients when applying biological therapy. Since head nurses from gastroenterology departments did not wish to record the interviews with a recorder, they were recorded in writing and transcribed subsequently. The questions dealt with the issues of biological therapy in connection with inflammatory bowel diseases. All the acquired data was processed with the Atlas.ti programme, which is designed for encoding, processing and interpretation of large amounts of textual and graphic qualitative data. Based on the research, an educational brochure for patients suffering from inflammatory bowel diseases was complied as well as educational materials for nurses starting work in biological therapy centres. Furthermore, the results can be used by nurses in practice and nursing students too.

My diploma thesis titled Private Sex Business by Customer's View focuses on factors influencing motivation to visit sex business, focusing on users who visit www.nornik.net. Users are often also clients of sex workers who are listed on the discussion site. The thesis is divided into the theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part deals with the definition of concepts related to sex business, motivation to sex business, a brief insight into the history of sex business with distribution to important historical periods, in other chapters deals with typology of sex workers, sex workers and health impacts. The other chapters deal with legislation that includes defining the legal framework for business sex. Social work with sex workers is in the next part, in which the work describes mainly field social work. The theoretical part continues with the definition of organizations aiding sexual workers and ends with the last chapter dedicated to the concepts of the website www.nornik.net. In the research part I deal with description of methodology of research itself, interpretation and presentation of research results. About the aim of this thesis and the specificity of the research group, a qualitative research strategy was chosen. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the motivation to visit private sex workers and based on the above-mentioned goal the research question has been determined: What factors influence the motivation to visit sex business? The choir is used by visitors to the website - www.nornik.net. I'm focusing on websites related to motivation to visit private sex business. The analysis resulted in 11 categories that I organized based on results from open, axial coding. The diagrams show clients' motivation to visit the private sex business, are complemented by authentic statements by some users. The research results show the key motivation of clients to visit the private sex business. analyzes showed that among the main factors influencing the motivation of clients we rank the first visit of private sex business, physical appearance of employees, their clothing, intimate parts, attributes of their persons, private spaces, range of services provided, quality of provided services, communication and agreement with sex worker, service pricing, and internet advertising.