Summary in Chinese. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaves 82-84.

by Leung Chi-man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-117). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ABSTRACT (English) --- p.i-ii / ABSTRACT (Chinese) --- p.iii / ACKNOWLEDGMENT --- p.iv / LIST OF CONTENTS --- p.v-viii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.ix-x / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.xi / ABBREVIATIONS --- p.xii / TERMS --- p.xiii-xiv / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- History and taxonomic background of Acinetobacter --- p.1 -3 / Chapter 1.2 --- "Microbiology, ecology and habitats of Acinetobacter species" --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Isolation of Acinetobacter --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Clinical importance of Acinetobacter species --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Acinetobacter 226}0ؤ An endemic nosocomial pathogens of particular importance in Hong Kong --- p.6-7 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Lack of knowledge of Acinetobacter genomic DNA groups --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Human carriage of Acinetobacter species --- p.8-9 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- Species from environment --- p.9-10 / Chapter 1.3 --- Identification of Acinetobacter --- p.10-11 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- DNA-DNA hybridization --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Phenotypic identification by conventional tests --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Genotypic identification by Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) --- p.12-13 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Other PCR methods --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- Genotypic identification by tDNA fingerprinting --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4 --- Biotyping --- p.14-15 / Chapter 1.5 --- Background of this research project --- p.15 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Distribution of different species of Acinetobacter --- p.15-16 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- Consideration of taxonomical problems --- p.16 / Chapter 1.5.3 --- Characterization of Acinetobacter isolates --- p.17 / Chapter 1.6 --- Research objectives --- p.18 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials --- p.19 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Reference strains --- p.19-20 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Antimicrobial agents and chemicals --- p.20-21 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- "Carbohydrates, enzymes and other materials" --- p.22 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Commercial media and media prepared manually --- p.23-26 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Reagents --- p.27 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Instruments and Software used in this study --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Routine laboratory collection --- p.28 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Blood culture collection --- p.29 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Human carriage site collection --- p.29-31 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Surveillance screening of clinical specimens --- p.31-32 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Environmental samples 226}0´ؤؤ vegetable --- p.32 / Chapter 2.2.6 --- Environmental samples 一 soil --- p.32-34 / Chapter 2.3 --- General bacteriological techniques for genus identification --- p.34-37 / Chapter 2.4 --- Molecular techniques used for the delineation of genomic DNA groups --- p.37 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Amplified ribosomal restriction DNA analysis (ARDRA) --- p.37-39 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Characterization of acinetobacters by tRNA spacer (tDNA) fingerprinting analysis --- p.40-42 / Chapter 2.5 --- Biotyping of Acinetobacter spp --- p.42 / Chapter 2.6 --- Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) --- p.43-44 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- DISTRIBUTION OF ACINETOBACTER SPECIES / Chapter 3.1 --- Results --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Isolation of acinetobacters from surveillance screening of clinical specimens --- p.45-49 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Isolation of acinetobacters from routine laboratory specimens --- p.49-50 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Distribution of acinetobacter genomic DNA groups in all clinical specimens --- p.50-51 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Isolation of acinetobacters from blood culture --- p.51 -52 / Chapter 3.1.5 --- Isolation of acinetobacters from human carriage sites --- p.53-55 / Chapter 3.1.6 --- Isolation of acinetobacters from environmental samples --- p.56-59 / Chapter 3.2 --- Discussion --- p.60 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Prevalence of Acinetobacter species in clinical specimens --- p.60-61 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Distribution of acinetobacter genomic DNA groups in clinical specimens --- p.61 -63 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Distribution of different genomic DNA groups of Acinetobacter on carriage sites --- p.63-65 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Distribution of different genomic DNA groups of Acinetobacter in environmental samples --- p.65-66 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- AN ASSESSMENT OF TDNA FINGERPRINTING IN THE IDENTIFICATION OF ACINETOBACTER SPECIES / Chapter 4.1 --- Results --- p.67 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Complexity of tDNA fingerprint patterns --- p.67 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Assessment of tDNA fingerprinting --- p.67-69 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Construction of fingerprints database with the reference Acinetobacter strains --- p.70 / Chapter 4.1.4 --- Delineation of different genomic DNA groups in the fingerprints database --- p.71 / Chapter 4.1.5 --- Cluster analysis of tDNA fingerprints of Acinetobacter isolates classified by ARDRA --- p.71-73 / Chapter 4.2 --- Discussion --- p.74-75 / Chapter 4.3 --- Conclusion --- p.75-76 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- "BIOTYPING OF ISOLATES FROM CLINICAL SPECIMENS, CARRIAGE SITES AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLES" / Chapter 5.1 --- Results --- p.77 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Biotypes of A. baumannii --- p.77 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Biotypes of genomic DNA group --- p.3 78 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Biotypes of genomic DNA group 13TU --- p.78-79 / Chapter 5.2 --- Discussion --- p.79-80 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES OF ACINETOBACTER SPECIES / Chapter 6.1 --- Results --- p.81 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Bacterial strains --- p.81 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Susceptibilities of Acinetobacter genomic DNA groups --- p.82-86 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Distribution of resistance patterns in Acinetobacter species --- p.87-90 / Chapter 6.2 --- Discussion --- p.91 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Antimicrobial susceptibilities of different genomic DNA groups of Acinetobacter from different sources --- p.91-92 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Emergence of P-Lactam resistance --- p.92 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Activity of sulbactam --- p.93 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Susceptibility of carbapenem --- p.93 / Chapter 6.2.5 --- Quinolones resistance --- p.94 / Chapter 6.2.6 --- Aminoglycoside resistance --- p.94-95 / Chapter 6.3 --- Conclusion --- p.95 / Chapter CHAPTER 7 --- GENERAL DISCUSSION / Chapter 7.1 --- Significance of delineation of genomic DNA groups of Acinetobacter --- p.96-98 / Chapter 7.2 --- Epidemiology and clinical implication of Acinetobacter species in Hong Kong --- p.99-104 / Chapter 7.3 --- Characterization of Acinetobacter --- p.104 / Chapter 7.4 --- Future work --- p.104-105 / REFERENCES --- p.106-117 / APPENDIX --- p.118-126

by Chong Shu-chuen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-66). / Abstract also in Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGMENTS --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / 摘要 --- p.v / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.ix / Chapter / Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- "Brown, Moon, and Zoloth's Decomposition" --- p.10 / Chapter 3 --- PROFILES OF HONG KONG LABOR MARKET --- p.16 / Chapter 4 --- THE SIMPLE DUMMY VARIABLE APPROACH --- p.20 / Chapter 4.1 --- Specification of Control Variables --- p.20 / Chapter 4.2 --- Empirical Results --- p.22 / Chapter 5 --- THE BLINDER-OAXACA DECOMPOSITION --- p.24 / Chapter 5.1 --- Methodology --- p.25 / Chapter 5.2 --- Specification of Control Variables --- p.28 / Chapter 5.3 --- Empirical Results --- p.29 / Chapter 6 --- "THE BROWN, MOON, AND ZOLOTH'S MODEL" --- p.33 / Chapter 6.1 --- Methodology --- p.34 / Chapter 6.2 --- General Procedure to Estimate Earnings Decomposition --- p.40 / Chapter 6.3 --- Specification of Control Variables for Multinomial Logit Model --- p.41 / Chapter 6.4 --- Specification of Control Variables for Earnings Functions --- p.41 / Chapter 6.5 --- Empirical Results --- p.42 / Chapter 6.5.1 --- Multinomial Logit Model of Occupational Attainment --- p.42 / Chapter 6.5.2 --- Earnings Differentials and Occupational Segregatio --- p.44 / Chapter 6.5.3 --- The Extent of Male Earnings Differentials --- p.49 / Chapter 7 --- COHORT EFFECT ON EARNINGS DIFFERENTIALS --- p.51 / Chapter 7.1 --- Descriptive Statistics --- p.52 / Chapter 7.2 --- Empirical Results --- p.53 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Regression Analysis --- p.53 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition --- p.54 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Brown et. al. Decomposition --- p.56 / Chapter 8 --- SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS --- p.59 / REFERENCES --- p.63 / TABLES --- p.67

黃偉昌. / "2006年5月". / 論文(神道學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2006. / 參考文獻(leaves 58-64). / "2006 nian 5 yue". / Abstract also in English. / Huang Weichang. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 58-64). / Lun wen (Shen dao xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2006. / 撮要 --- p.i / (Abstract) --- p.ii / 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章： --- 宣教定義與香港教會的宣教槪論 --- p.3 / Chapter 1. --- 何謂宣教？ --- p.3 / Chapter 2. --- 「神的宣教」Missio Dei 的槪念 --- p.6 / Chapter a. --- 歷史背景 --- p.6 / Chapter b. --- 三位一體的基礎 --- p.8 / Chapter c. --- 反對以教會爲中心的宣教 --- p.11 / Chapter d. --- 讓教會成爲真正的教會 --- p.12 / Chapter e. --- 小結 --- p.15 / Chapter 3. --- 香港教會的宣教歷史簡介與傾向類型分析 --- p.16 / Chapter a. --- 八十年代前的宣教使命歷史槪覽 --- p.18 / Chapter b. --- 八十年代後開始的宣教現象槪況 --- p.21 / Chapter 4. --- 小結 --- p.23 / Chapter 第二章： --- 「教會增長運動」之興起原因分析 --- p.24 / Chapter 1. --- 「教會增長」的數字分析 --- p.25 / Chapter a. --- 「非主動增長期」：五六十年代的香港教會 --- p.25 / Chapter b. --- 「主動增長期」：八十年代開始的「九七」效應 --- p.27 / Chapter 2. --- 「九七回歸」氣候帶來教會的回應 --- p.28 / Chapter a. --- 大量信徒移民現象 --- p.30 / Chapter b. --- 教會回應的向度　　　　 --- p.31 / Chapter 3. --- 「香港公元2000福音運動」（簡稱「福音二千」）的興起 --- p.32 / Chapter a. --- 運動發展的「助力」：外國「教會增長」學派的影響 --- p.32 / Chapter b. --- 運動發展的「動機」：以增加「數量」來穩固自己 --- p.35 / Chapter 4. --- 小結 --- p.39 / Chapter 第三章： --- 「教會增長」風氣下的教會事工反思 --- p.40 / Chapter 1. --- 大型佈道會(傳福音)的反思 --- p.40 / Chapter a. --- 「九七」議題對大型「佈道會」之影響及相關回應 --- p.41 / Chapter b. --- 福音與宣教的再思 --- p.42 / Chapter 2. --- 植堂事工推動的反思 --- p.46 / Chapter a. --- 「植堂」的定義及理念 --- p.46 / Chapter b. --- 香港教會的「植堂」發展及理念應用 --- p.47 / Chapter c. --- 「植堂」的反思及細想 --- p.49 / Chapter 3. --- 小組教會推動的反思 --- p.50 / Chapter a. --- 「小組」的定義及理念 --- p.51 / Chapter b. --- 香港教會的「小組」發展及理念應用 --- p.53 / Chapter c. --- 小組模式的反思及細想 --- p.54 / Chapter 4. --- 小結 --- p.55 / 結論 --- p.56 / 參考書目 --- p.58

Chan Yan Keung Thomas. / "October 1999." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 316-345). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Ng Pui-man. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-165). / Abstracts in English and Chinese ; questionnaire and appendix also in Chinese. / ABSTRACT --- p.i / ACKNOWLEDGEMENT --- p.iv / CONTENTS --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.ix / Chapter CHAPTER1 --- Introduction: The Working Environment of Teachers in Hong Kong --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- The Uncertain and Complex Working Environment / Chapter 1.2 --- Working Environment of Hong Kong Teachers / Chapter 1.3 --- Teachers' Daily Work / Chapter 1.4 --- Organizational Structure of School / Chapter 1.5 --- Research Inquiries / Chapter 1.6 --- Structure of the Thesis / Chapter CHAPTER2 --- "Literature Review: Organizational Analysis in Functionalism, Conflict Perspective and Neo-institutional Perspective" --- p.16 / Chapter 2.1 --- Functional Perspective on Organizational Analysis / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Production Function Model / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Coupling Model (Nested Layer Model) / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Contributions of Functional Perspective / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Critiques of Functional Perspective / Chapter 2.2 --- Conflict Perspective on Organizational Analysis / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Bureaucratic Organization / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Conflict of Interests / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Contributions of Conflict Perspective / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Critiques of Conflict Perspective / Chapter 2.3 --- Critiques of Functional and Conflict Perspective / Chapter 2.4 --- Neo-institutional Perspective and Organizational Analysis / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Decoupling Model / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Teaching in Decoupling Structure / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Contributions and Critiques of Neo-institutional Perspective / Chapter CHAPTER3 --- Conceptual Framework and Methodological Design --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1 --- Conceptual Framework / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Incorporation of Ritual Classification / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Theory of Practical Action / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Institutional Construction of Interests / Chapter 3.2 --- Methodological Design / Chapter 3.2.1 --- In-depth Interviews / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Questionnaire Survey / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Content Analysis / Chapter CHAPTER4 --- Incorporation of Institutional Elements into Formal Teaching --- p.65 / Chapter 4.1 --- Time Allocation on Formal Teaching / Chapter 4.2 --- Autonomy on Instructional Activities / Chapter 4.3 --- Incorporation of Ritual Classifications into Formal Teaching / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Student Classifications / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Topic Classifications / Chapter 4.3.3 --- School Classifications / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Teacher Classifications / Chapter 4.4 --- Teaching as Practices / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Homework / Chapter CHAPTER5 --- Obstacles and Constraints in Work --- p.101 / Chapter 5.1 --- Incorporation of Ritual Classifications into Non-instructional Work / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Non-teaching Work / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Principal / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Parents and Local Community / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Educational Policy / Chapter 5.2 --- Coping Strategies as Practices / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Credentials and Professional Development / Chapter 5.3 --- Collective Resistance as Institutionally Constructed Interests / Chapter CHAPTER6 --- Some Concluding Remarks --- p.129 / Chapter 6.1 --- Summary and Discussion / Chapter 6.2 --- Implications / Chapter 6.3 --- Research Limitations / APPENDICES --- p.140 / Appendix I: Semi-structured Interview Questions (in Chinese) / Appendix II: Questionnaire Survey (in Chinese) / Appendix III : Consistency scale of the most effective teaching method and the most frequently used method / Appendix IV: Answers of the Two Open-ended Questions in the Questionnaire Survey / REFERENCES

蕭曉紅. / "2002年8月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2002. / 參考文獻 (leaves 154-162) / 附中英文摘要. / "2002 nian 8 yue" / Xiao Xiaohong. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 154-162) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / Chapter 〔一〕 --- 引言 --- p.1-11 / Chapter (I) --- 硏究動機 --- p.1 / Chapter (II) --- 硏究方向 --- p.5 / Chapter (III) --- 硏究材料 --- p.9 / Chapter 〔二〕 --- 社會服務的定義和範圍〔兼槪述香港社會服務歷史〕 --- p.12-27 / Chapter (I) --- 《聖經》的社會福利觀念 --- p.12 / Chapter (II) --- 社會服務的定義 --- p.18 / Chapter (III) --- 香港社會服務史槪述 --- p.23 / Chapter 〔三〕 --- 戰前香港天主教社會服務 --- p.28-41 / Chapter (I) --- 天主教傳教士來華 --- p.28 / Chapter (II) --- 視線的轉移´ؤ´ؤ香港 --- p.30 / Chapter (III) --- 發展的各階段 --- p.31 / Chapter (IV) --- 傳教事業與社會服務 --- p.35 / Chapter 〔四〕 --- 戰後香港天主教社會服務 --- p.42-59 / Chapter (I) --- 戰後五、六十年代的香港社會服務 --- p.42 / Chapter (II) --- 香港明愛的成立 --- p.47 / Chapter (III) --- 五、六十年代香港明愛 --- p.55 / Chapter 〔五〕 --- 影響七十年代香港天主教教區會議與社會福利白皮書 的兩個議題´ؤ´ؤ兼論當代香港明愛的發展 --- p.60-80 / Chapter (I) --- 一九六六與六七年的暴動與政府對福利事業態度的轉變 --- p.61 / Chapter (II) --- 七十年代香港天主教教區會議 ´ؤ´ؤ對梵蒂岡第二屆大公會議〔1962-1965 〕的回應 --- p.65 / Chapter (III) --- 一九七三年及一九七九年《社會福利白皮書》 --- p.73 / Chapter (a) --- 兩份白皮書的簡介 --- p.74 / Chapter (b) --- 兩份白皮書中政府對社會服務及志願團體的態度 --- p.74 / Chapter (c) --- 志願團體的發展空間及其定位 --- p.76 / Chapter (IV) --- 七十年代香港香港明愛發展的槪況 --- p.77 / Chapter 〔六〕 --- 社區關懷´ؤ´ؤ香港明愛社會服務案例 --- p.81-101 / Chapter (I) --- 印度社區的例子 --- p.81 / Chapter (II) --- 何謂「社區」？ --- p.83 / Chapter (III) --- 香港政府和社區建立 --- p.86 / Chapter (IV) --- 本港社區服務發展槪述 --- p.88 / Chapter (V) --- 香港明愛的社區服務´ؤ´ؤ青少年關心社會 --- p.90 / Chapter 〔七〕 --- 香港明愛社會服務的意義 --- p.102-111 / Chapter (I) --- 香港明愛社會服務的重要性 --- p.102 / Chapter (II) --- 困難與展望 --- p.108 / Chapter 〔八〕 --- 總結 --- p.112-115 / Chapter 〔九〕 --- 附錄 --- p.116-153 / Chapter 表1 ： --- 〈天主教香港教區發展回顧簡表〉 --- p.117 / Chapter 表2 ： --- 〈香港天主教發展槪況表〉 --- p.121 / Chapter 表3 ： --- 〈香港代牧區劃分區域表〉 --- p.125 / Chapter 表4 ： --- 〈五、六十年代成立的志願機構簡表> --- p.126 / Chapter 表5 ： --- 〈第二次世界大戰前後天主教來港傳教團體〉 --- p.131 / Chapter 表6 ： --- 〈香港明愛六十年代的發展槪況〉 --- p.132 / Chapter 表7 ： --- 〈香港明愛七十年代的發展槪況〉 --- p.135 / Chapter 表8 ： --- 〈香港明愛八十年代的發展槪況〉 --- p.138 / Chapter 表9 ： --- 〈香港明愛之創先服務〉 --- p.142 / Chapter 表10 ： --- 〈香港明愛提供的服務〉 --- p.144 / Chapter 表11 ： --- 〈香港社會服務開支佔政府總開支的百分比1980-98 ) --- p.148 / 圖表1 --- p.149 / 圖表2 --- p.150 / 圖表3 --- p.151 / 圖表4 --- p.152 / 圖表5 --- p.153 / Chapter 〔十〕 --- 參考書目 --- p.154-162

The research conducted in this thesis studies the business risks considered as critical by construction contractors in the public housing construction industry in Hong Kong and the risk management methods adopted by these contractors. There is an inherent weakness in the public housing construction procurement in which price has been the overriding factor in the award of contracts and this has led to poor quality. A quantitative research method was adopted. The data for analysis included share price of listed construction contractors and other listed companies in Hong Kong. In addition, annual turnover of listed construction contractors from its company reports and available public housing projects to be tendered versus the number of prospective contractors were analysed. A main survey and a supplementary survey were also conducted after a qualitative initial study was launched to find out themes for the questions in the main survey. It is suggested that business risks of construction industry in Hong Kong are high when compared with non-construction business. As a consequence, risk premium from stocks of listed construction contractors should be higher than stocks of non- construction business. It is further suggested that risk premium of stocks of listed public housing construction contractors should be lower than other listed non- residential public buildings construction contractors due to adoption of subcontracting as risk management in the public housing construction industry. All these were being verified using share price, number of available public housing construction projects and company reports. / The main survey was conducted to find out the perceptions of the public housing construction contractors on the business risks of its business due to: (a) its client, the Hong Kong Housing Authority, (b) statutory requirements, (c) penalty from poor performance and its ramifications, (d) suppliers and (e) staffing. The main survey also sought public housing construction contractors’ perception on the relative effectiveness of risk management proposals and quality improvement proposals. The supplementary survey looked at reasons for subcontracting in the Hong Kong construction industry. Exploratory factor analysis was carried out initially, which reduced the 47-item main survey questionnaire to 40 items with 8 factors and the 22-item supplementary survey to 20 items with 3 factors. In the main survey, for each of the factor identified, t-test of the mean on each of the item and of the summated items under each factor indicated the perceived business risks of public housing construction were: (a) critical due to "client" (the Hong Kong Housing Authority) - 7 critical items out of 9 items; (b) not critical due to "statutory requirements" -none of the 5 items is critical; (c) critical due to "poor performance ramifications" - all 2 items are critical; (d) critical due to "suppliers" - all 4 items are critical; (e) not critical due to "staff' -none of the 4 items is critical. For effectiveness of risk management measures to mitigate business risks due to suppliers and staffing, t-test of the mean was carried out. Risk management methods to mitigate business risks from: (a) "suppliers" were not perceived as effective - 1 effective item out of 3 items; (b) "staffing" were perceived as effective - 5 effective items out of 7 items. For effectiveness of quality improvement proposals, t-test of the mean indicated there were 3 effective items out of 6 items. / Overall the quality improvement proposals were perceived as effective. For the supplementary survey to find out reasons for subcontracting in the Hong Kong construction industry, from the subcontractors' point of view, the business practice of main contractors was perceived as critical to the operation of subcontractors (all 7 items). On the other hand, relevant reason for further (secondary) subcontracting from subcontractors was due to lack of expertise (1 item out of 5 items). For quality improvement proposals, 6 items (workers registration, strengthen supervision by contractors on subcontractors, strengthen supervision by client, registry of subcontractor, award contract based on quality and treat subcontractor as business partners) were perceived as effective. Regression was carried out for the main survey and it was found that various statutory requirements were not significant predictors for the extent of pecuniary fines due to violations of statutory requirements. However site safety obligations were found to be a significant predictor to predict the period of suspension from tendering which would be considered as critically affecting the business of the contractor. For the supplementary survey, the regression was centred on relevant reasons for subcontracting (as independent variables) and extent of subcontracting (as dependent variable). The tests indicated that subcontracting to reduce risk of over expansion and price could be significant factors to predict the extent of subcontracting. To supplement what has been proposed as a possible solution (partnering) in improving the adversarial relationship amongst contracting parties in the construction industry, a case study was carried out to see how a local non-government organisation managed an underground transit system construction project by using "partnering". / The case study indicated partnering could be useful to improve the inter-organisation co-operation in the construction industry. From the main survey, supplementary survey and the subsequent analysis as well as the case study, the most significant implication of this research is the need to have equitable terms in the contract between clients and its construction contractors. In the competitive public housing construction industry in Hong Kong, award of contract by price alone to the lowest bidder would not induce quality performance from construction contractors. To cater for fluctuating workload and risk of over- expansion, subcontracting is a form of risk management practiced by construction contractors. Subcontracting cannot be stamped out and to induce quality performance from construction contractors and subcontractors, what is essential between clients and construction contractors (equitable terms) is equally applicable between construction contractors and its subcontractors.

The thesis of this research paper is clarifying the relationship between educational change, teacher education and management at the tertiary level in a local university immediately after the handover of Hong Kong to the People?s Republic of China. The purpose is to describe the research process, to present data, and to draw conclusions. Chapter 1 describes the structure of the paper and introduces two theoretical issues which arise in the data and are referred to in the literature (commodification and collectionism) but are not the focus of this study. Nevertheless, they seem to explain some important relationships between these three themes and are referred to in the conclusion. Chapter 2 presents recent references to literature from around the world related to the three themes. The review highlights the weakness that few references describe the practical implementation of a theoretical management approach to effecting educational change through teacher education. Chapter 3 describes in detail the successful application of the management approach of the learning organisation, the practical implementation of an educational change, and the resultant teacher education within the alternative programme section of the university department studied. Chapter 4 covers the methodological process of the data collection for this research. The data collection is comprised of: 1) a questionnaire about teacher education activities; 2) a lengthy interview with each of thirty academic staff, the Head of Department, and a Vice-President; 3) supporting documents; and, 4) my observations as participant-observer. Chapter 5 presents the findings and discussion. They are analysed in an overall manner and then re-analysed between two groups of staff. One group is part of the teacher education described in Chapter 3; the other group is the remainder of the staff who had not been part of that teacher education. The findings of the questionnaires, the interviews, and the supporting documents indicate that differences in attitude toward teacher education exist between staff who has been exposed to different teacher education management approaches. These findings also show that staff who have been affected and staff who have been unaffected by the learning organisation approach to staff development note differences in management approach. Both staff and appraisers evaluate the learning organisation management approach used in the alternative programme section of the department very positively. Chapter 6 ends with conclusions, links back to the literature, and suggestions. The conclusions show that the educational change found in this research is similar to the change listed in the literature. The shortcomings and issues of teacher education in this research are similar to those revealed in the literature. The conclusions also support the importance of management approach and its relationship to effective teacher education. It ends with a summary of the positive results of using a learning organisation management approach in teacher education at this site. The final chapter also refers back to commodification and collectionism noted in the introduction and suggests that they should also be considered by teachers, managers and researchers in further work on teacher education. / thesis (PhDBusinessandManagement)--University of South Australia, 2003.

Thesis (M.Ed.)--University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.