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Esta tese tem como objetivo preencher um pouco o hiato entre os imigrantes coreanos e os brasileiros trazendo mais fatos sobre os primeiros e esclarecer o contetúdo da ambiguidade que se diz marcar a identidade da Geração 1.5 dos imigrantes coreanos. Para tal, buscou-se analisar como essa geração em São Paulo lida com o duplo pertencimento cultural coreano e brasileiro no Brasil, sociedade caracterizada pela diversidade e complexidade e, como se dá a formação da visão do Eu e do Outro num contínuo processo de alteridade. A hipótese é de que a experiência única dessa geração no Brasil por se situar entre a primeira e a segunda geração dos imigrantes coreanos bem como entre coreanos e brasileiros propicia novas possibilidades de construção do Eu e do Outro, de forma menos dicotômica. Para fazer a apreciação desse pressuposto, tomou-se como centro de análise os 26 entrevistados pertencentes à Geração 1.5, conforme o critério estabelecido neste estudo, que imigraram para o Brasil entre as década de 1960 e 1990. Tentou-se captar os papéis educacionais dos quatro ambientes família, escola, religião e comunidade coreana na formação do eixo de interpretação do mundo, que é a base em elaboração de projeto referente a como se posicionar na sociedade brasileira e como se relacionar com brasileiros. Em seguida, examinou-se os aspectos de relacionamento em âmbitos diferentes, da visão do Eu e do Brasil e dos projetos elaborados pelos pais dos entrevistados e pelos próprios entrevistados para viver no Brasil. Sob essa perspectiva, a análise e a reflexão foram realizadas mediante as reflexões sobre a alteridade e identidade dos autores de áreas e origens variadas, dos quais o foco foi dirigido às de Martin Buber, George Herbert Mead, Hannah Arendt, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Gilberto Velho e Tak Seok-san. O resultado aponta que, para os entrevistados, pertencentes à Geração 1.5, a ambiguidade de fato encontra-se como um traço marcante ao longo do processo da construção da identidade, mas que eles lidam com essa ambiguidade de formas diferentes e autônomas de acordo com circunstâncias e estímulos diferentes, em vez de serem definidos de acordo com a classificação dicotômica para a identidade nacional e flutuarem submissas a ela. / This thesis aims to contribute towards bridging the gap between the Korean immigrants in Brazil and the Brazilian people by showing facts about the first and clarifying some of the ambiguity, said to be a trait marking the so-called Generation 1.5 of Korean immigrants. For this, it was analyzed how this generation deals with belonging to double cultures (Korean and Brazilian) in Brazil, a society characterized by its diversity and complexity, and how the formation of the vision of I and Other in a continuous process of alterity occurs. The underlying hypothesis was that the unique experience of this generation, being situated in between the first and second generation of Korean immigrants, propitiates new possibilities for the construction of the notion of self and others in a less dichotomous way. To verify this point of view, a total of 26 individuals considered to belong to Generation 1.5 were selected for the interview and further analysis according to the criterion set in this study. It was attempted to understand how these four principal environments family, school, religion and Korean community influenced the interviewees in the forming of their interpretation of the world which is intrinsic in elaborating the project of their positioning in Brazilian society and their relationship with Brazilians. Attention has also been paid to aspects of the interviewees relationships with Brazilians in different spheres, of their vision of self and Brazil and finally, of the projects taken by them and by their parents in living in Brazil. Following this perspective, the conceptual and theoretical base for the research and the analysis of the collected data was put on the views of Martin Buber, George Herbert Mead, Hannah Arendt, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Gilberto Velho and Tak Seok-san who share the concern about the alterity and identity issues in different academic branches. The result shows that for the majority of the interviewees this ambiguity is in fact a pending question throughout their identity construction process: but that they deal with it in different and more autonomous ways according to different circumstances and stimuli, rather than just being defined by the existing dichotomous classification model of their national identity.

Esta tese tem como objetivo preencher um pouco o hiato entre os imigrantes coreanos e os brasileiros trazendo mais fatos sobre os primeiros e esclarecer o contetúdo da ambiguidade que se diz marcar a identidade da Geração 1.5 dos imigrantes coreanos. Para tal, buscou-se analisar como essa geração em São Paulo lida com o duplo pertencimento cultural coreano e brasileiro no Brasil, sociedade caracterizada pela diversidade e complexidade e, como se dá a formação da visão do Eu e do Outro num contínuo processo de alteridade. A hipótese é de que a experiência única dessa geração no Brasil por se situar entre a primeira e a segunda geração dos imigrantes coreanos bem como entre coreanos e brasileiros propicia novas possibilidades de construção do Eu e do Outro, de forma menos dicotômica. Para fazer a apreciação desse pressuposto, tomou-se como centro de análise os 26 entrevistados pertencentes à Geração 1.5, conforme o critério estabelecido neste estudo, que imigraram para o Brasil entre as década de 1960 e 1990. Tentou-se captar os papéis educacionais dos quatro ambientes família, escola, religião e comunidade coreana na formação do eixo de interpretação do mundo, que é a base em elaboração de projeto referente a como se posicionar na sociedade brasileira e como se relacionar com brasileiros. Em seguida, examinou-se os aspectos de relacionamento em âmbitos diferentes, da visão do Eu e do Brasil e dos projetos elaborados pelos pais dos entrevistados e pelos próprios entrevistados para viver no Brasil. Sob essa perspectiva, a análise e a reflexão foram realizadas mediante as reflexões sobre a alteridade e identidade dos autores de áreas e origens variadas, dos quais o foco foi dirigido às de Martin Buber, George Herbert Mead, Hannah Arendt, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Gilberto Velho e Tak Seok-san. O resultado aponta que, para os entrevistados, pertencentes à Geração 1.5, a ambiguidade de fato encontra-se como um traço marcante ao longo do processo da construção da identidade, mas que eles lidam com essa ambiguidade de formas diferentes e autônomas de acordo com circunstâncias e estímulos diferentes, em vez de serem definidos de acordo com a classificação dicotômica para a identidade nacional e flutuarem submissas a ela. / This thesis aims to contribute towards bridging the gap between the Korean immigrants in Brazil and the Brazilian people by showing facts about the first and clarifying some of the ambiguity, said to be a trait marking the so-called Generation 1.5 of Korean immigrants. For this, it was analyzed how this generation deals with belonging to double cultures (Korean and Brazilian) in Brazil, a society characterized by its diversity and complexity, and how the formation of the vision of I and Other in a continuous process of alterity occurs. The underlying hypothesis was that the unique experience of this generation, being situated in between the first and second generation of Korean immigrants, propitiates new possibilities for the construction of the notion of self and others in a less dichotomous way. To verify this point of view, a total of 26 individuals considered to belong to Generation 1.5 were selected for the interview and further analysis according to the criterion set in this study. It was attempted to understand how these four principal environments family, school, religion and Korean community influenced the interviewees in the forming of their interpretation of the world which is intrinsic in elaborating the project of their positioning in Brazilian society and their relationship with Brazilians. Attention has also been paid to aspects of the interviewees relationships with Brazilians in different spheres, of their vision of self and Brazil and finally, of the projects taken by them and by their parents in living in Brazil. Following this perspective, the conceptual and theoretical base for the research and the analysis of the collected data was put on the views of Martin Buber, George Herbert Mead, Hannah Arendt, Claude Lévi-Strauss, Gilberto Velho and Tak Seok-san who share the concern about the alterity and identity issues in different academic branches. The result shows that for the majority of the interviewees this ambiguity is in fact a pending question throughout their identity construction process: but that they deal with it in different and more autonomous ways according to different circumstances and stimuli, rather than just being defined by the existing dichotomous classification model of their national identity.

This is a descriptive qualitative study that explored Korean and English learning for Korean transnational immigrant children living in the United States. The study design included qualitative methods. Observations of five children in a Korean language school offered information about how they were taught Korean to retain their heritage language and culture. Additional observations of two of the children in their respective local public schools offered descriptions of their experiences learning English and U.S. public school culture. Interviews with the three teachers in these classrooms, as well as with three of the children's mothers, added background information and extended the observations. A thematic analysis process led to further understanding about the differences in the three classroom learning environments and described the ways instruction was delivered, the ways the individual children demonstrated their language learning, and the cultural context in each setting. The study found that the Korean language school and English speaking elementary schools were essential for the Korean immigrant children to improve their language proficiency in two languages as well as to learn different cultural and educational expectations.

This study examined, through a narrative phenomenological framework, the experiences of Korean female caregivers in Canada, and the ways in which filial piety obligations affected their quality of life. The existing literature is scarce on information about caregiving by Korean females in both North America and Canada. Further, caregiving issues regarding caregiving stress have mostly investigated the medical aspects. It was crucial, therefore, to investigate and understand the social aspects of the caregiving experience. Korean daughters-in-law (DILs), who lived with their aging parents-in-law (PILs) in environments profoundly rooted in Confucian values, experienced conflicts with their parents/mothers-in-law. A number of caregiving hardships were identified and categorized according to the following two themes: cultural obligations and direct caregiving practices. Some DILs’ caregiving hardships were heavier when they moved to Canada and adopted a new culture. The findings of this study show that the caregiving practices of these Korean female caregivers in Canada are changing as the DILs have been influenced by their new environment, but the findings also demonstrate that the DILs are still strongly affected by the traditional cultural values in which they were raised. This study investigated their attitudes and behaviours of these women in their caregiving roles by employing a qualitative research design. As little research has been done on immigrant women’s caregiving experience, this study provides an important contribution by examining the lived experience of immigrant women as it is affected by the traditional cultural value of filial piety. / February 2017

Ce travail porte sur les processus migratoires et identitaires de la population coréenne installée en France ou au Québec. Son objectif premier est de comprendre l’influence du contexte socioculturel sur la façon dont les migrants s’adaptent et s’intègrent dans les pays d’accueil dont les modèles d’intégration diffèrent. Considérant que la langue constitue un élément principal dans le processus d’adaptation ainsi que dans les stratégies identitaires, la dynamique langagière des familles migrantes a été analysée avec une attention particulière. 17 familles coréennes composées du père, de la mère et de leur enfant âgé de 11-15 ans ont été rencontrées en France ou au Québec, à travers essentiellement l’entretien semi-dirigé et le questionnaire sociolinguistique. Les résultats de notre recherche révèlent que le modèle républicain assimilationniste français favorise l’intégration linguistique et culturelle des immigrants coréens alors que le modèle interculturel québécois promeut l’intégration socioprofessionnelle, civique et communautaire. Les enfants dits « de la deuxième génération de l’immigration » intègrent de manière spontanée la culture et la langue du pays d’accueil de leurs parents par la scolarisation ainsi que celles d’origine dans le cadre intrafamilial. Nos analyses qualitatives montrent que les processus adaptatifs et identitaires des migrants coréens s’élaborent en lien étroit avec le contexte socioculturel mais aussi par un travail de symbolisation de l’interculturalité sur le plan personnel et groupal. / This work concerns the migratory and identical processes of the Korean population installed in France or in Quebec. Its first purpose is to understand the influence of the socio-cultural context on the way that the immigrants adapt themselves and become integrated into the host countries whose models of integration differ. Considering that the language establishes a main element in the process of adaptation as well as in the identical strategies, the linguistic dynamics of the immigrant families was analyzed with a particular attention. 17 Korean families consisted of the father, the mother and their 11-15-year-old child were met in France or in Quebec, through essentially the semi-structured interview and the sociolinguistic questionnaire. The results of our search reveal that the French republican model promotes the linguistic and cultural integration of the Korean immigrants while the Quebec’s intercultural model promotes the socio-professional, civic and community integration. The second-generation immigrants integrate in a spontaneous way the culture and the language of the host country of their parents with the schooling as well as those of the origin into the interfamily context. Our qualitative analyses show that the adaptive and identical processes of the Korean immigrants develop in narrow relation with the socio-cultural context but also with a work of symbolization of the interculturality on the personal and group plan.