Plant optical signals can serve as important source of information about biochemical and physiological processes in plants. These signals are influenced by compounds synthesized by plants during primary or secondary metabolism and thus, can also serve as their qualitative and quantitative indicators. Light reaching plant surface (leaf or fruit) can undergo three main pathways- it can be (i) reflected, (ii) absorbed or it can (iii) transmit through plant material. The probability of these three processes depends on particular wavelength of incident irradiation and on the morphological characteristics of plant tissues themselves. As such, plant contains various spectrum of photosynthetic pigments and fluorescent compounds which can either reflect, absorb or pass incident irradiation through at specific wavelengths. Biophysical techniques working with these optical properties of plant pigments and/or other compounds have become universal and common tool in basic and applied research. To quote some example, chlorophyll fluorescence imaging, UV induced fluorescence or spectroscopic techniques are on the top of interest thanks to its non-invasive nature, allowing maintain the integrity of measured cells or the whole plant constituents. The main aim of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive study on the possibility of non-invasive monitoring of phenolic compounds in the leaves and fruits.

All over the world, the edible insects are considered a highly nutritious food with high protein and fat content. However, the nutritional value of insect is not constant. It can be affected by species, developmental stage, rearing technology or nutrition. Therefore, this thesis was aimed at obtaining the selected nutritional value of edible insects. Analyses were focused on the determination of the crude protein content, fat content, fatty acid profile and sterols in selected species of edible insects, which can be commonly reared in the Czech Republic. At the same time we also analysed samples of insects reared on the island of Sumatra to evaluate the influence of the climate on the nutritional value. The main aim of the thesis was the determination of optimal breeding conditions, developmental stages and feed rations for obtaining good production of insects with nutritional properties suitable for human nutrition. The analyses showed a high nutritional value of selected insect species, but also confirmed the significant differences in the content of individual nutrients between different species depending on the climate conditions and developmental stage. Comparing the fat and crude protein content in edible insects and other conventional sources of meat it has been found, that the examined insect is similar to beef concerning the fat and crude protein content. The results obtained are the basis for determining the appropriate rearing conditions and developmental stages for obtaining insect with the desired nutritional properties for human nutrition.

Práce by měla být zaměřena na sumarizaci informací o včelích produktech, výskyt cizorodých látek v nich, zejména v medu. Přehled chemických vlastností, způsobu získávání včetně jejich dalších vlastností, kvůli kterým se tyto produkty získávají. Rozlišení jednotlivých druhů medů, které se vyskytují v ČR a v zahraničí. Dále specifikace cizorodých látek (pesticidy, antibiotika, těžké kovy). Porovnání výsledků testování v ČR a zahraničí v posledních letech. Určení trendu výskytu cizorodých látek v medu. Zjištění obecného povědomí o této problematice u lidí v produktivním věku

Tea is one of the most popular beverages worldwide. It was demonstrated that the beverage prepared by leaching of leaves of Camellia sinensis in hot water, has a positive effect on human organism in many cases. The substances found in green tea have antioxidant properties and positive effects on the prevention of many diseases. The beneficial effects are attributed mainly due to plant phenols whose antioxidative activity protects the body against free radicals. In this work the content of selected biologically active compounds in extracts of loose green teas was determined using modern bioanalytical methods. The amount of natural antioxidants determined in tea from Japan and China at different preparation temperatures of the tea extract solution were compared.

This thesis studies an influence of hemp added to feed rations on the organism of tested animals. In this feeding experiment the effect of supplied hemp to weight increments and antioxidant activity was observed. The tested animals were rats of strain Wistar albino. The experiment was performed with 20 male rats which were divided into 4 groups. Two groups were fed with hemp mixture and other two with control mixture. During the experiment subjects were weighed once a week and weight gain and feed consumptions were recorded. Spectrofotometric method Folin-Ciocalteu for determinations of polyphenolic compounds was used. Antioxidant activity was measured for the individual samples of feed and liver tissues of tested animals. They were FRAP and TEAC method used. The results of measurement of antioxidant activity in liver tissue proved inconclusive for both methods. Demonstrable differences were found only in samples of feed. The processing was used ANOVA statistical method using the Scheffe test.

This thesis on a Method for extending the shelf-life of dairy products in its theoretical part with milk and milk products, in special chapters separately with fresh cheese - their general process of production and possible defects. Furthermore, the theoretical part deals with the reasons for spoilage of dairy products, due to the external environment on microorganisms. These include in particular the temperature, pH and water activity. The other chapters are focused on different basic methods for extending shelf-life, which are often used in dairying. These include antimicrobial agents, lactic acid bacteria. Lactic acid bacteria is devoted to a separate subhead with protective lactic acid bacteria. The last part of the theoretical thesis is focused on hygiene, which to make cheese inseparable. The practical part of this study looked at the effects of protective cultures added to fresh cheeses. In dairy pilot plant were produced four kinds of cheese - three different types of protective cultures, one with classic cream culture. Samples were always salted and unsalted. All samples were then evaluated by chemical and microbiological analysis to determine the effect on shelf life.

The importance of monitoring the quality parameters (sugar content, titratable acid pH) in determining the optimum ripeness of blue grape varieties can be considered a method which provides only limited and inadequate information. To determine the required quality should be evaluated ripening grapes intended for the production of high quality red wines in addition to sensory methods and analytical methods which are able to define the change of phenolic compounds in berries and accordingly influence the determination of the harvest. The values of phenolic compounds vary significantly depending on the site and variety. My thesis tracks changes and development of phenolic compounds in berries, their relationship to quality and sensory parameters. It deals with the sensory evaluation method ripe berry grape seeds and also world-renowned analytical method "Glories", evaluating the level of phenolic compounds on selected varieties and habitats in South Moravia.

The aim of the thesis was to compile a review of literature on the species Actinidia arguta and other main representatives of this genus (Actinidia deliciosa and Actinidia kolomikta), together with a description of the genus Actinidia. For selected genotypes to determine the content of the substance in the flesh and skins of species Actinidia arguta (varieties 'Issai', 'Ananasnaya' a seedling 1) and Actinidia deliciosa (varieties 'Hayward' and 'Sorelli'). Mentioned representatives described their origin and distribution, botanical characteristics, varietal characteristics, their habitat requirements, methods of reproduction and substances contained in fruits. The experimental part deals with the determination of ascorbic acid, all acids, antioxidants, soluble solids content and the determined methods FRAP and DPPH. The results of individual measurements were processed and statistically analyzed. The values obtained were sorted into tables and graphs, and subsequently described in the text part.

This thesis presents an overview of the history, occurrence and claims for environmental and agricultural technologies in growing the type and contains of fruit substances. In addition, the literature review describes the laborious harvest, many species, but also a wide range of options for how to use the buckthorn. A part of the study was to compare returns from species (´Hergo´, ´Vitamínová´, ´Buchlovický´, ´Leicora´) and on this basis recommend the species, which are suitable for cultivation in Czech republic. Moreover external parameters were compared and the substances contained in the fruits of different species. This made it possible to compare the species with the highest and lowest solid, refractive solids, vitamin C, carotenoids and simultaneously fruits with the largest and smallest length, width and also with highest and lowest weight.

This thesis has been produced on the Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Horticulture in the fridge at the Institute of viticulture and winemaking. Its objective is to demonstrate the positive significance of the use of auxiliary substances in agriculture, or in the wine-growing. Furthermore there is characterized by instrumental Rock product Effect, which is at the same time tested product. The subject of the experiment are his inhibiting fungicide effects, specifically on powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator) grape. The experimental variety is Chardonnay here. The attempt was founded in the year 2014 in the locality of Pravlov (Znojmo sub-region). The attempt was organized into 7 variations in 4 reps. The results of the experiment have been duly processed and evaluated according to EPPO methodologies. The data are processed in the attached tables and charts.