This diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of the content of mycotoxins and organic nutrients in Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne and Festulolium in the years 2015 to 2018. The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluated if species, year or fertilization can affect content of mycotoxins and organic nutrients in forage. The detected mycotoxins were DON and ZEN evaluated by ELISA. The deoxynivalenol content was significantly influenced by the year (P˂0.05). The lowest mycotoxin DON was detected in 2016, when it was not detected in some samples at all, and in 2017 in all samples. The results for ZEN were similar to those for DON, with similar values for the same species, only for ZEN at lower concentrations than for DON. The difference was in ZEN amounts because ZEN was detected in all samples and evidence of species, year or fertilization effect haven´t been confirmed. Amounts dry matter, nitrogen, fiber, NDF and ADF were determined. The fiber content was significantly influenced by the year (P˂0.05) and species (P˂0.05). The influence of the year (P˂0.05) and species (P˂0.05) was also significant for NDF and ADF. The species (P˂0.05) and species-fertilization interactions (P˂0.05) had significant effect on the content of nitrogen compounds. The results of this work showed that the effects of mycotoxins as well as organic nutrients can be affect by several influences, namely the year mainly for the temperature changes and the annual precipitation, but also the type of forage. Mycotoxins have been detected in most samples, but in low concentrations that they fullfil all permitted limits.

This thesis studies the effects of various concentrations of sodium chloride on growth and the content of secondary metabolites in the freshwater microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The total content of phenolic compounds, flavonoids and total antioxidant capacity was analyzed by spectrophotometry. In the context of growth, also the content of photosynthetic pigments was determined. Further, the amount of selected metabolites was determined by HPLC/MS-MS. Cultivation of microalgae with increased NaCl inhibited cell growth and production of photosynthetic pigments. Conversely, higher levels of NaCl have proven to stimulate the synthesis of complete phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Similarly, the amount of phenolic acids was significantly influenced by the effect of increasing NaCl concentration, while the total antioxidant capacity of the microalgae also increased. These results confirm the involvement of phenolic compounds in the defense mechanism of unicellular algae Ch. reinhardtii against the observed stress factor.

This thesis analyses the occurrence of the pathogenic microorganisms in raw milk. The theoretical part of this thesis focuses on the description of the particular microorganisms, their biochemical activity, their source and the transmission. Furthermore, this thesis analyses the diseases related to these particular microorganisms. In addition, this study discusses a legislation of the raw milk distribution and trade with a focus on its benefits and threats for the final consumers. The practical part includes an analysis of the total number of microorganisms, psychrotrophic bacteria, bacteria Salmonella spp., bacteria Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in raw milk. The samples for this study were collected from the milk automats in the South Moravian region and from the farm in the Pardubice region. Samples were collected during the following year periods: autumn/winter, spring/summer. The analysis includes a comparison of the samples with the legislative limits. Furthermore, the samples were compared with each other in according to the particular period of the year. The last stage of the analysis determines the presence of the inhibitory substances in raw milk.

In the first part of the thesis is processed literature review focused on the composition of fruit, production of fruit wines and their distribution, and diseases and defects of these wines too. The experimental part of thesis is focused on comparing the sensory substances between fruit wines and grape wines. For the experiment using fruit wines from red currants, sweet cherriesa and sour cherries and red wines from varieties Blue Portugal, from white varieties Müller Thurgau and pink varieties of St. Laurent. Case of fruit musts was made basic analysis of substances. For wines was performed sensory analysis by hundred system. Spectrophotometry was determined the total content of flavanols and anthocyanins. Alpha Spectrometers FT-PR has performed a detailed analysis of the substances in wine Top sensory evaluated wine was currant and St. Laurent rosé. The worst evaluated was the cherry wine. The highest values of flavanols reached cherry wine and grape wine Müller Thurgau, the lowest rate was observed in the sweet cherry wines. The highest measured value of anthocyanins was at sour cherry wine, the lowest measured amount was at grape wine Müller Thurgau. In the comprehensive evaluation can be said that among the surveyed wines don't were significant differences.

ANGLICKÝ ABSTRAKT This master's thesis analyses European legal framework on handling chemical substances. Primary focus of this thesis is on the Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals, establishing a European Chemicals Agency. A part of the thesis is dedicated to comparing analyses between American and Europeans legal framework and part is also dedicated to an attempt of monetary cost-benefits evaluation of this regulation. The thesis covers also the nanoparticles regulation and Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 on classification, labelling and packaging of substances and mixtures. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

DIPLOMA THESIS: Safety of selected dietary supplements with regard to the content of food additives SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PHARMACY DEPARTMENT, FACULTY OF PHARMACY IN HRADEC KRÁLOVÉ, CHARLES UNIVERSITY IN PRAGUE AUTHOR: Jana Tížková SUPERVISOR: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. INTRODUCTION: Usage of dietary supplements is increasing each year. But with this trend there are also concerns about their possible damaging influence, mostly due to present food additives. I have decided to map safety of dietary supplements from food additives point of view, because of spare information about their potential harmfulness. OBJECTIVE: Goal of this work is to evaluate safety of bestselling immune system support according to food additives that they contain and analysis of most commonly occurring harmful additives influence on human health. METHODOLOGY: List of bestselling dietary supplements was gathered from one of pharmaceutical chain brand. Data came from diverse list of dietary supplements, from which I have chosen those with supporting effect on immune system. They contain mostly substances gathered from Echinacea plants, specifically Echinacea angustifolia, pallida, purpurea, mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus, also those containing Probiotics, Royal jelly and mixture of oligosaccharides, nucleotides and...

Effectiveness and safety of selected dietary supplements Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Student: Kateřina Smolíková Tutor: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. Introduction: The market for dietary supplements in recent years has seen a noticeable upswing and supplements become for some people part of their daily lives, which could mean potential risks. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness and risks of selected dietary supplements containing Vaccinium macrocarpon, Serenoa repens, Cimicifuga racemosa, Glycine max and Silybum marianum. At the same time, the aim of this work was to evaluate the safety of selected supplements from the point of view of content of additives, check undesirable effects of harmful additives and compare them with the identified undesirable effects of medicinal plants. Methods: Efficacy and safety were assessed on the basis of scientific studies. It has been rated 5 best-selling groups of food supplements in 2011. The list of 100 best-selling nutritional supplements in the Czech Republic were given to us by one pharmacy chain. From the most selling supplements was made a list of the most frequently occurring substances content which was sent to the Ministry of Health with a request to add...

The subject matter of this thesis is a crime of habitual drunkenness under s. 360 of the Act No. 40/2009 - Criminal Code. The offense of drunkenness is atypical one among other offenses and unique in many ways. The aim of this work is to intelligibly and comprehensively describe the issue of the crime of drunkenness and aspects associated with it. The thesis is divided into five chapters. The first chapter is devoted to the possible starting points and concepts. There are three basic approaches on the issue of the crime of drunkenness and four more which are based on the concept of so-called rauschdelikt. The second chapter examines the historical development of this issue in our country. There were different regimes over time and each of them approached resolved legal issues differently. For proper grasp and understanding of the current legal situation it is therefore necessary to look back in history. This chapter overviews the most important legislation, case law, and it also contains comparison of historical development with the present one, amended with regard to the development of the institute of insanity. Chapter three is the basis of this work. It consists of a detailed analysis of current legislation and careful analysis of the elements contained in s. 360 of the Criminal Code, then again...

Safety of the selected food supplements in terms of the presence of additives Additives are commonly present not only in food, but also in food supplements. Safety of these substances remains a question. The aim of the theses is to evaluate the safety of the best selling supplements in the Czech Republic in the year 2011 from the viewpoint of additives and constituents. Given the scale of researched products, I focused on products strengthening the cardiovascular system containing omega 3 fatty acids , garlic, coenzyme Q 10 and lecithin. As a source of information about the content and the presence of additives, the data from the Ministry of Health and the Information System decision of the Chief Hygienist (IS RoHy) were used. The safety evaluation of additives was carried out on the basis of the available methodology for consumers. Information about adverse effects of additives and content substances were searched using information databases Martindale , Reprotox, AltMedDex, Drugdex, National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), IPCS INCHEM, PubMed independent commission database JECFA Joint FAO / WHO Expert committee on Food additives. Descriptive statistics was used. Of the large number of products (97), 5 products were classified as safe and 92 as products harmful to...

SAFETY OF THE SELECTED FOOD SUPPLEMENTS FROM VIEWPOINT OF THE PRESENCE ADDITIVES. Student: Renáta Jajtnerová Tutor: PharmDr. Jitka Pokladníková, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Introduction: Nowadays the additives are absolutely common part of our life and we encounter with them almost daily. We can find them not only in food but also in drugs or various food supplements. Their safety is often discuss and the opinions of individual experts are often different. Objective: The aim of this work is to evaluate the safety of food supplements in terms of the presence of food additives and their possible interactions with substances. The evaluation concern food supplements which occurred on the Czech market in 2011. Because the number of food supplements on our market is very high, I focused only on the supplements used for the support joints and for the treatment of osteoarthritis. Methodology: One of the pharmaceutical chains provided for us the list of best- selling products and the complete list of products we received from the Ministry of health. Than the composition of these supplements was sought on the Information system decision of the chief hygienist (Is RoHy) alternatively in the pharmacy or directly from the...