This thesis deals with the influence of maceration of the mash in rosé winemaking. The literary section describe the phenolic compounds contained in grapes, the possibility of producing rosé wines and factors affecting the course of maceration. The aim of the work was to determine what type of maceration is the most suitable for the production of rosé wines. For the observed samples were examined maceration time and the influence of sulfur dioxide. He evaluated the sensory profile of wines colourists range using the CIE L * a * b * and the content of phenolic compounds. The experiment was conducted at the blue grape variety 'Pinot Noir'. Of ground grapes were created two variants. Mash without addition of SO2 and mash with the addition of sulfur dioxide. For each variant was produced six rosé wines with different length of maceration of the mash. Desired time maceration were 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 hours. Found mash conducted in non-inert conditions at 13 ° C. The results implies that the best time maceration for the production of rosé wines from varieties 'Pinot Noir' is 15 hours with the use of sulfur dioxide.

This thesis dealing with The influence of sulfur dioxide on on qualitative parameters of the wines was developer between 2014/2016 at the Department of Post Harvest Technology of Horticultural Products, Faculty of Horticulture, Mendel University in Brno. In this thesis was studied influence of sulfur dioxide on total polyphenols, which was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu and antioxidant capacity, which was measured by FRAP and DPPH. For this experiment were chosen two wines. The white wine was Rulandské bílé and the red wine was Svatovavřinecké. Doses of sulfur dioxide were applied at 0 mg/l, 25 mg/l, 50 mg/l, 75 mg/l, 100 mg/l. These doses are used in winemaking. Was found, that sulfur dioxide added to wine influence measured values of polyphenols and antioxidant capacity measured by FRAP and DPPH. Also was found, that system FRAP is more affected by sulfur dioxide, than system DPPH.

Water pollution by organic contaminants and other anthropogenic substances is one of the major global problems nowadays. The aquatic contaminants include pesticides, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), steroid hormones and synthetic dyes. Traditional processes such as UV irradiation at disinfection doses, coagulation, flocculation, precipitation, microfiltration and ultrafiltration are ineffective for the complete removal of organic contaminants in water, whereas the so called advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are very effective in the oxidation of numerous organic compounds. The most widely used AOPs include heterogeneous photocatalysis based on near UV or solar visible irradiation, electrolysis, the Fenton's reaction, ozonation, ultrasound and wet air oxidation. AOPs are based on the generation of highly reactive hydroxyl radicals (oOH), which will attack the organic pollutants. However, the lifetimes of these radicals are so short to utilize them effectively. Therefore, the direct radical generations by non-thermal plasmas are widely researched. Three different types of plasma discharges (Dielectric Barrier Discharge, DBD, Gliding Arc Discharge, GAD, and Electrohydraulic Spark Discharge, ESD) were applied to investigate the degradation kinetics of the target pollutants in water. Firstly, the degradation of atrazine, verapamil and hydrocortisone was conducted successfully in the DBD reactor. After 90 min DBD treatment all the target pollutants were almost completely removed. Presence of the intermediates was confirmed by HPLC/UV analysis. The efficiency of dielectric barrier discharge on the degradation of atrazine and hydrocortisone was investigated. Atrazine was almost completely degraded after 90 min DBD treatment. The rate constant of this process was 0.029 min-1 and the corresponding half-life time was 24 min. After 90 min treatment time 54% of the atrazine was converted to CO2. Hydrocortisone was also completely degraded after 90 min DBD treatment. The rate constant of this process was 0.050 min-1 and the corresponding half-life time was 14 min. After five hours of treatment 21% of the hydrocortisone was converted to CO2. Structure of the intermediates was identified by HPLC/MS analysis. Plausible mechanisms for the degradation of target pollutants were also proposed. Degradation kinetics and degradation mechanism of verapamil in water under GAD was investigated. In the final part, the degradation kinetics of verapamil and atrazine by using electrohydraulic spark discharge and ozonation was investigated. During spark discharge, 87% of verapamil and 83% of atrazine were degraded within 40 min. The rate constants of the degradation processes were 0.065 min-1 and 0.094 min-1 for verapamil and atrazine respectively. The power introduced in the discharge was 60 W and is very low compared to the power of GAD. As a result, relatively high energy yields 5.1 × 10-2 g/kWh and 2.3 × 10-2 g/kWh were achieved for verapamil and atrazine respectively. Verapamil was completely removed by ozonation within 1.5 min., while atrazine was almost completely removed within 4 min. The rate constants of the degradation processes were 2.56 min-1 and 0.769 min-1 for verapamil and atrazine respectively. The power applied during ozonation was very low (20 W), compared to plasma discharges, leading to high energy yields 9.4 g/kWh and 1.6 g/kWh for verapamil and atrazine respectively. The degradation kinetics of verapamil and atrazine in water under DBD, GAD, ESD and ozonation were compared. The shortest half-lives of verapamil and atrazine were observed during ozonation. So, we can say that among our AOP systems, ozonation is the most efficient in degrading verapamil and atrazine in water.

Increasing of human life comfort and safety requires development and application of new chemical substances, which, unfortunately, cannot be completely removed by WWTPs. Thus, these compounds, their metabolites and TPs formed during human/animals/bacteria metabolism, wastewater treatment and natural environmental processes are tend to contaminate all the environmental compartments. Appearance of advanced analytical instrumentation and techniques enable to perform research on emerging environment contaminants fate. This thesis was focused on application of high resolution mass spectrometer and new generation of triple quadrupole for analysis of the environmental pollutants. All studies were mainly devoted to such a group of contaminants as pharmaceuticals because of their high consumption, frequent occurrence in all environmental matrices and potential to cause adverse effects for non-targeted organism due to their biological activity. The first part of the thesis is related to method development for identification and quantification of metabolites in the different tissues of rainbow trout exposed to diltiazem. As a result, 17 diltiazem metabolites were tentatively identified by HRMS and spectral interpretation software. The complex metabolic pathway in metabolic phase I for diltiazem and tissue specific bioconcentration in fish were proposed in the study. The second part of the work is mainly focused on investigation of pharmaceuticals fate in the soil environment. The transformation of several pharmaceuticals, such as atenolol, metoprolol, carbamazepine, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, and clindamycin in 13 different soils was studied under laboratory conditions. The parent compounds were analyzed in all studied soils and dissipation curves were plotted. Finally, 15 known and new metabolites were detected and identified. Moreover, identity of 6 of them was confirmed by available analytical standards. It was shown that almost the same metabolites profile was observed in all soils, but formed amount and degradation rate of all detected metabolites were soil type dependent. Several parent compounds and metabolites were shown to be persistent in the soils. Consequently, pharmaceuticals can be transported via ground water to plant. Further fate of pharmaceuticals must be studied as it can have adverse effect on crop consumers. The third part of the dissertation dealt with an important issue of pharmaceuticals transport between different aquatic environmental compartments. Water, sediments and fish from a pond affected with TWW from a local WWTP were analyzed within this project. 18 pharmaceuticals and 7 their metabolites were found in all studied matrices. Solid water distribution coefficients for sediments and bioaccumulation factors for fish liver were obtained in this study under real conditions. Seasonal variations in all studied parameters were investigated for one year period. This study help to extend a limited available information on fate of wide range of compound, especially metabolites in the aquatic environment affected by treated wastewater.

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