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The subject matter of this master thesis is the introduction to the claims reserving methodology applied in the general insurance with the focus on the agragated data represented in the form of triangle schemes. First the basic deterministic methods are to be presented including the Chain ladder method as the most known and widely used tool in claims reserving. Next we will concentrate on the stochastic approaches. The method of bootstrapping is to be described more in detail as it is the main topic of this thesis. Finally the accuracy of the prediction of several specific models and algorithms is to be examined with the goal of their overall comparison (using randomly generated input data).

Author: Bc. Ondřej Martínek Title: Physical activity and its quality in children with ADHD Objectives: The aim of the theoretical part of the work was to process the issue of ADHD, especially in children of younger school age. The work also aimed to present the possibilities of testing and therapy in physiotherapeutic practice. The aim of the practical part was to obtain information about the subjective evaluation of children's motor skills by the DCDQ questionnaire from the point of view of their parents, to get an idea of leisure activities and physiotherapy care and to compare test results (One Leg Stance Test and The Ladder Agility Test) of experimental group with control group. Methods: The research group consisting of 22 probands and the control group of 25 probands completed 2 standardized tests (The Ladder Agility Test, One Leg Stance Test). Their parents completed The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire and answered 2 open questions. The obtained data were evaluated in Microsoft Excel. A two-sample t-test (Welch version) was used for statistical processing. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the evaluation of probands by their parents with the ADHD questionnaire, but in practical motor tests no significant differences were found between the...

<p>Food security is an increasingly important global challenge. Population increases, coupled with changing food habits, are placing significant demand on the global food supply. Without significant advances in agricultural techniques and approaches, it will be difficult to feed the global population within several decades. Aquaculture is one underutilized agricultural method which could help alleviate this impending crisis if more farmers were able to implement improved techniques. One of the primary inputs for successful aquaculture is a nutritionally complete feed. However, commercial fish feeds may be prohibitively expensive or unavailable in many locations in the developing world, reducing the ability of farmers to implement economically successful aquaculture ventures. Providing farmers with the ability to produce their own high-nutrition feeds with locally available ingredients would be a key enabler for more widespread successful aquaculture efforts. This dissertation focuses on the development and evaluation of alternative, locally sourced, inexpensive fish feeds to maximize fish production in developing countries.</p>

Gas separation membranes are proving to be a sustainable method to mitigate climate change given the rising energy demand. Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (PIMs) have emerged as a novel material class for such application. Physical aging is a major concern for the growth and commercialization of these glassy polymers. Several factors play an important role in determining the effects of physical aging for a PIM film; one important parameter is its thickness. Gas transport properties of PIM-Trip-TB films of thicknesses between 20-150 µm were monitored over 150 days for physical aging and its dependence on film thickness. Over this period, thicker films had generally higher permeability, and thinner films aged faster. Although fresh films showed higher selectivity during the initial tests, no correlation was found between film thickness and selectivity after aging. In addition, physical aging was more severe and independent of film thickness for larger-sized gases. Film storing environment affected the physical aging of multiply tested samples significantly, whereas films which were not tested periodically showed very minimal aging. A more systematic approach is required to fully analyze and comprehend factors yielding this phenomenon.

Dagens representativa demokrati har blivit alltmer behäftad med politikermissnöje och sjunkande valdeltagande. Forskare har därför talat om hur demokratin behöver fördjupas och breddes med inslag av deliberativ demokrati för att få legitimitet. Den här uppsatsen har därför som syfte att undersöka hur väl inslag av deliberativ demokrati uppfylls i verkligheten inom lokaldemokratin. Detta görs för att kunna bilda sig en förståelse för i vilken mån inslag av deliberativ demokrati faktiskt tillämpas. Genom att använda Sherry Arnsteins teori om The Ladder of Participation, på svenska Deltagandestegen, analyserar uppsatsen medborgardialogen mellan Uppsala kommun och medborgare i planeringsfallet de Sydöstra stadsdelarna i Uppsala kommun. Ett fall som har karaktäriserats av missnöje gentemot Uppsala kommun från medborgare. Teorin möjliggör en normativ klassificering av den deliberativa demokratiska praktiken medborgardialog, och gör det genomförbart att mäta i vilken mån som Uppsala kommun har tillämpat en medborgardialog enligt idealet. Studien har använt sig av kvalitativ metod för att samla in det resultat som analyseras utifrån uppsatsens valda teori.

It has been common in forestry and agriculture to drain waterlogged areas through ditching in order to cultivate them. The ditches that drain water are usually connected to some watercourse, such as a river. When the water flow of the river decreases and becomes more still, particles will settle and fall to the bottom of the water body and form sediment. If there is an increasing amount of nutrients and metals transported with the water, it could affect the water quality negatively, since an increased amount of nutrients could result in eutrophication and many metals are toxic in high amounts. In the Sangis River there is an increased amount of sediment deposited at the mouth of the river and inside the estuary, which has resulted in the river and the estuary becoming shallower. The origin of the deposited sediments is believed to partly be from ditching. The residents of the village of Sangis have said that it is difficult to cross the estuary by boat because of the deposited sediments, therefore, their wish is for a channel dredged in the Sangis River and its estuary that they can use. The main aim of this master's thesis was to analyse the geochemical status of the surface water and the sediment in the estuary of the Sangis River and to give recommendations for future actions preventing sedimentation of the river channel. The analyse of the geochemical status of the sediment was achieved by sampling six sediment- cores in the estuary and analysing for different parameters. The analyse of the geochemical status of the surface water was achieved by comparing the water quality regarding metal concentrations in the estuary with other nearby rivers and classifying the concentration of phosphorous in the estuary, to determinate if there was an ongoing eutrophication. The following analyses were conducted for the sediment-cores: Element distribution were analysed with P-XRF, pH and electrical conductivity were measured and loss on ignition was also calculated trough combustion of the sub-samples. The results showed for the P-XRF that the dominating main elements were iron, sulfur, calcium and potassium. Iron and sulfur were correlated to each other in all profiles and had a peak between 20-35 cm in the sediment. This indicated that there could be formation of iron sulfides at that depth. Therefore, sub-sample 4.D was analysed with SEM-EDS instrument and framboidal pyrite (FeS2) was detected in the sample. The results from the pH and conductivity showed that the pH-value varies greatly both with depth and between the sediment cores. However, for the conductivity it could be seen how it peaked at around 20-35 cm in all profiles, with the highest EC-value in profile 4. It could be concluded that the surface water in the estuary contains elevated concentrations of copper and that there is an ongoing eutrophication as well. Due to the eutrophication, it has most likely resulted in an increased amount of aquatic plants during the summer. The increased amount of organic material has probably resulted in oxygen-free bottoms, since all the oxygen has been consumed when the organic material has been decomposed. The formation of framboidal pyrite shows that the redox ladder has reached the two last steps, since framboidal pyrite (FeS2) consists of reduced sulfur and dissolved iron and is formed during anoxic conditions. Reduced sulfur forms when sulfate is reduced in order to oxidize organic matter and dissolved iron forms when iron-oxide hydroxides are reduced in order to oxidize organic matter. If dredging is carried out in the Sangis river and its estuary, oxidation of framboidal pyrite will occur, this could result in formation of acid and leachate of metals that were previously bound to framboidal pyrite. The consequences if it leaches into the river and the estuary is that it creates an acidic environment with elevated metal concentrations, where marine life would find it hard to live. The extent and impact of leached acidity and metals needs to be studied further.

Industrial Control Systems (ICS) play a critical part in our world’s economy, supply chain and critical infrastructure. Securing the various types of ICS is of the utmost importance and has been a focus of much research for the last several years. At the heart of many defense in depth strategies is the signature based intrusion detection system (IDS). The signatures that define an IDS determine the effectiveness of the system. Existing methods for IDS signature creation do not leverage the information contained within the PLC ladder logic file. The ladder logic file is a rich source of information about the PLC control system. This thesis describes a method for parsing PLC ladder logic to extract address register information, data types and usage that can be used to better define the normal operation of the control system which will allow for rules to be created to detect abnormal activity.

Agenda 2030 vill öka jämställdheten för utsatta i samhället och vård- och omsorgsförvaltningen vid Uppsala kommun genomförde programmet full delaktighet 2017. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur utbildningen full delaktighet påverkar personalens förhållningsätt och arbetssätt och hur deras arbetssätt uppfattas av brukarna. Frågeställningarna var om personalens förhållningssätt och arbetssätt har påverkats efter utbildning, hur brukarna uppfattar att personalens förhållningssätt påverkar deras vardag och om programmet full delaktighet har ökat kunskapen hos de professionella så att de kan stärka brukarnas delaktighet och självbestämmande enligt LSS (1993:387) bestämmelser om goda levnadsvillkor.  Det teoretiska perspektivet i studien är Arnsteins delaktighetstege samt SKR:s delaktighetstrappa som berör inkludering och exkludering i samhället. Valet av teoretiskt perspektiv och begrepp bidrar till förståelsen av full delaktighet och Uppsala kommuns arbete att erbjuda stöd och service till funktionshindrade så att de får en större social delaktighet i samhället.  I studien användes metodtriangulering med kvantitativ metod i form av enkäter samt kvalitativ metod i form av intervjuer. Datamaterialet bestod av 41 enkäter med brukare och personal som bearbetades statistiskt och kompletterades med fyra intervjuer, 2 med brukare och 2 med personal. Enkäten bestod av semistrukturerade frågor med öppna och slutna svarsalternativ, där respondenterna fick tolka delaktighetens betydelse. Resultatet visar att både personal och brukarna anser att full delaktighet är viktigt. Flertalet av brukarna menar att de blir lyssnade på men det finns undantag. Personalen som har genomfört utbildningen anser att den gav ny kunskap och fördjupning i arbetet. Studien indikerar på betydelsen av fortsatt arbete kring implementeringen av full delaktighet för alla i samhället.

Analysis of biological samples plays a crucial role in disease diagnostics and monitoring, as well as in research. For the analysis, detection and quantification is of the essence, and can be performed with immunoassays. These immunoassays exploit antibodies, and their characteristic specificity, to target analytes. Furthermore, immunoassays can be either singleplex or multiplex, meaning they assess one single, or multiple analytes in parallel. As of today, singleplex methods such as ELISA dominate the market, favoured for their precision and reliability. However, multiplexing exhibit reductions in time, costs, and materials. Nevertheless, one common challenge is the detection of small amounts of analyte, possibly discovering and monitoring earlier stages of disease. For this purpose, Cavidi AB has developed a signal amplification technology, namely the binding oligo ladder detection (BOLD). Currently, this technique is applicable to the singleplex market, while the implementation on the multiplexing remains. Here,  we present a literature review of a selection of multiplexing techniques, and a thorough investigation of their possible compatibility with Cavidi AB’s signal enhancement technology BOLD. After undergoing a comprehensive analysis to evaluate various multiplexing technologies and theircompatibility with BOLD, a spectrum of compatibility levels were revealed. Some of the multiplexing technologies, exemplified by Luminex’s xMAP technology, demonstrated inherent compatibility. Contrarily, other platforms, including Olink’s PEA technology, exhibited incompatibility. Moreover, certain technologies, such as Standard Biotools’ CyTOF technology, were found to possess potential compatibility if modification to either BOLD or to the respective multiplexing technology were to be implemented. Furthermore, the need for signal amplification was identified to vary amongst the versatile technologies and the different analytes. This stems from the fact that the lowest detectable concentration level fluctuates between different analytes and technologies. Therefore, Cavidi AB should target companies with a generally high limit of detection (LOD). In addition, because of the fluctuations in LOD between analytes, specifying to which analytes an integration of BOLD would be beneficial, is recommended.