O tratamento e a disposição final de resíduos sólidos urbanos é um dos grandes problemas ambientais da atualidade. No caso dos aterros sanitários, as áreas para implantação desses empreendimentos são cada vez mais escassas, especialmente nos grandes centros urbanos, exatamente onde há grande geração de resíduos. É notória a necessidade de se buscar alternativas adequadas para a disposição final de resíduos sólidos urbanos. A correta disposição de resíduos em aterros sanitários exige que esses empreendimentos sejam tratados de forma integral, desde a escolha do local, o desenvolvimento do projeto e a execução da obra até o gerenciamento da operação e ações correlatas de monitoramento ambiental. O objetivo dessas ações é minimizar os potenciais impactos ao meio ambiente, dos quais o de maior gravidade é a contaminação do solo e das águas pelos lixiviados gerados nos aterros. Os lixiviados de aterros sanitários são produzidos durante toda sua vida útil e após seu encerramento, devendo ser coletados, tratados e monitorados por várias décadas. Atualmente, não se sabe de maneira precisa qual é o volume e por quanto tempo ocorre a geração de lixiviados na maioria dos aterros sanitários no Brasil. Para esse trabalho realizou-se o levantamento dos aterros sanitários em operação e encerrados no período de 1998 a 2012 na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, bem como da geração de lixiviados durante o mesmo período. A partir dessas informações traçou-se a série histórica referente a esse período, a partir da qual se pode inferir a grandeza da problemática para os próximos anos. Também são abordadas as necessidades futuras do sistema de tratamento de lixiviados. / The treatment and final disposal of urban solid wastes is one of the great environmental problems of present. In the case of sanitary landfills, the areas for settlement of such projects are increasingly scarce, especially in great urban areas, exactly where there is great waste production. It is notable the necessity of searching adequate alternatives for the final disposal of solid wastes. The correct disposal of solid wastes in sanitary landfills requires that these projects be treated in an integral approach, since the choice of the site, the project development, and the execution of the construction, to the operation management and correlated environmental monitoring actions. The intent of such actions is to minimize potential risks to the environment, being one of the most serious the soil and water contamination by the leachate generated in landfills. Landfill leachate is produced during the operation and after closure of landfills. They must be collected, treated and monitored for several decades. Currently, in most of landfills in Brazil, there is no accurate information about the volume of generated leachate and for how long it is produced. For this dissertation it has been held a survey of operating and closed landfills from 1998 to 2012 in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, as well as the leachate generated. Using these data, a historical series of this period has been traced, from which one can infer the magnitude of the problem for the next years. This study also addresses future need of the leachate treatment system.

O tratamento e a disposição final de resíduos sólidos urbanos é um dos grandes problemas ambientais da atualidade. No caso dos aterros sanitários, as áreas para implantação desses empreendimentos são cada vez mais escassas, especialmente nos grandes centros urbanos, exatamente onde há grande geração de resíduos. É notória a necessidade de se buscar alternativas adequadas para a disposição final de resíduos sólidos urbanos. A correta disposição de resíduos em aterros sanitários exige que esses empreendimentos sejam tratados de forma integral, desde a escolha do local, o desenvolvimento do projeto e a execução da obra até o gerenciamento da operação e ações correlatas de monitoramento ambiental. O objetivo dessas ações é minimizar os potenciais impactos ao meio ambiente, dos quais o de maior gravidade é a contaminação do solo e das águas pelos lixiviados gerados nos aterros. Os lixiviados de aterros sanitários são produzidos durante toda sua vida útil e após seu encerramento, devendo ser coletados, tratados e monitorados por várias décadas. Atualmente, não se sabe de maneira precisa qual é o volume e por quanto tempo ocorre a geração de lixiviados na maioria dos aterros sanitários no Brasil. Para esse trabalho realizou-se o levantamento dos aterros sanitários em operação e encerrados no período de 1998 a 2012 na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, bem como da geração de lixiviados durante o mesmo período. A partir dessas informações traçou-se a série histórica referente a esse período, a partir da qual se pode inferir a grandeza da problemática para os próximos anos. Também são abordadas as necessidades futuras do sistema de tratamento de lixiviados. / The treatment and final disposal of urban solid wastes is one of the great environmental problems of present. In the case of sanitary landfills, the areas for settlement of such projects are increasingly scarce, especially in great urban areas, exactly where there is great waste production. It is notable the necessity of searching adequate alternatives for the final disposal of solid wastes. The correct disposal of solid wastes in sanitary landfills requires that these projects be treated in an integral approach, since the choice of the site, the project development, and the execution of the construction, to the operation management and correlated environmental monitoring actions. The intent of such actions is to minimize potential risks to the environment, being one of the most serious the soil and water contamination by the leachate generated in landfills. Landfill leachate is produced during the operation and after closure of landfills. They must be collected, treated and monitored for several decades. Currently, in most of landfills in Brazil, there is no accurate information about the volume of generated leachate and for how long it is produced. For this dissertation it has been held a survey of operating and closed landfills from 1998 to 2012 in the metropolitan area of São Paulo, as well as the leachate generated. Using these data, a historical series of this period has been traced, from which one can infer the magnitude of the problem for the next years. This study also addresses future need of the leachate treatment system.

Choi Chi Yuen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2000. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 146-159). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract / Acknowledgement / Contents / List of Figures / List of Tables / List of Plates / List of Appendices / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Landfilling --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Definition --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Waste decomposition process --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Major principles of landfill design --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- General practices after the completion of landfill --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.4.1 --- Surface capping --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.4.2 --- Revegetation --- p.10 / Chapter 1.1.4.3 --- Post-closure management --- p.14 / Chapter 1.1.4.4 --- End use --- p.15 / Chapter 1.2 --- Post-closure landfill problems --- p.15 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Subsidence and soil compaction --- p.15 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Vegetation establishment --- p.16 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Soil quality and thickness --- p.17 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Adverse landfill factors --- p.22 / Chapter 1.3 --- Landfill ecology --- p.23 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Soil-plant ecosystem on completed landfills --- p.23 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Landfill soil fauna --- p.24 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Landfill soil microbes --- p.25 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Ecosystem integral development --- p.26 / Chapter 1.4 --- Succession management --- p.28 / Chapter 1.5 --- Objectives of the study --- p.32 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Comparative Study of Landfills in Hong Kong / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.34 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Site selection --- p.36 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Soil characteristics --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Field measurement --- p.39 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Soil sampling and laboratory analysis --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Vegetation characteristics --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Coverage of trees and understorey vegetation --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- Coverage of individual plant species --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Calculation of representative plant score --- p.42 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Statistical analyses --- p.44 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.44 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- General properties of the cover soil on completed landfills --- p.44 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Landfill categorization based on edaphic properties --- p.48 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Vegetation coverage on completed landfills --- p.55 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Vegetation characteristics on completed landfills --- p.59 / Chapter 2.4 --- Conclusions --- p.65 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Vegetation Performance on Selected Landfills / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.68 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.70 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Vegetation analysis --- p.70 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Vegetation descriptions --- p.71 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- General description of the vegetation --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Vegetation structure and diversity --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- The most successful and important plant species --- p.86 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Revegetation success --- p.91 / Chapter 3.4 --- Conclusions --- p.95 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Diversity and Population of Soil Invertebrates on Selected Landfills / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.99 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.100 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Diversities of soil and litter invertebrates --- p.100 / Chapter 4.2.1.1 --- Soil and litter sampling --- p.100 / Chapter 4.2.1.2 --- Soil animal extraction --- p.101 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Statistical analysis --- p.101 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.103 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- General description of the soil invertebrates --- p.103 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Dominant soil invertebrates --- p.107 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Soil macroarthropods --- p.109 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Other soil invertebrates --- p.112 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- General description of litter invertebrates and its implication --- p.113 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Diversity of the soil and litter fauna and the ecosystem development --- p.117 / Chapter 4.4 --- Conclusions --- p.119 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Microbial Performance on Selected Landfills / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.121 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.123 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Soil sampling --- p.123 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Microbial analyses --- p.123 / Chapter 5.2.2.1 --- Plate-count methods for microbial abundance --- p.123 / Chapter 5.2.2.2 --- ATP bioluminescence assay for microbial biomass --- p.124 / Chapter 5.2.2.3 --- Dehydrogenase activity measurement for microbial activity --- p.125 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Soil analyses --- p.125 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Statistical analyses --- p.126 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and Discussion --- p.126 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- The effect of soil quality on microbial population --- p.126 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Relationship between the faunal and microbial populations --- p.128 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Microbial diversity of cover soil of the completed landfills --- p.131 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Microbial biomass of cover soil of the completed landfills --- p.132 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- General microbial activity of cover soil of the completed landfills --- p.137 / Chapter 5.4 --- Conclusions --- p.137 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- General Conclusions --- p.141 / References --- p.146 / Appendices

Deponering är globalt sett det vanligaste sättet att hantera avfall, men i Sverige får sedan 2001 enbart avfall som inte kan återanvändas deponeras. Innan deponiförordningen trädde i kraft 2001 deponerades många olika typer av avfall. En deponi används idag som ett slutförvar för avfall och för att minimera infiltration av regnvatten och eventuell föroreningsspridning sluttäcks gamla deponier. Sluttäckningen består av flera skikt som tillsammans ska täta deponin och leda bort vatten. Att förvara avfall i en sluttäckt deponi är miljöfarlig verksamhet och det är därför av intresse att kontrollera omgivningarna under och efter sluttäckning för att säkerställa att eventuell föroreningsspridning minskar. På Hovgårdens avfallsanläggning i Uppsala kommun har en deponi som använts sedan 1971 sluttäckts under hösten 2018. I två provtagningsrör vid deponin, i vilka provtagning och analys skett regelbundet sedan 1991, har förhöjda halter av vissa ämnen kunnat uppmätas efter att arbetet med sluttäckningen påbörjades. Syftet med detta examensarbete var att få ökad förståelse för trender i ämneshalter samt att utreda hur sluttäckning påverkar grundvattennivåer och ämneskoncentrationer runt deponin. Uppmätta halter i provtagningsrören sammanställdes och trender analyserades med statistiska verktyg i mjukvaran R. Dessutom konstruerades en grundvattenmodell över avfallsanläggningen i MODFLOW och MT3DMS. Stationära flödessimuleringar och transportsimuleringar med klorid utfördes. Tolv av 33 analyserade ämnen och parametrar uppvisar statistiskt signifikanta ökningar i antingen ett av provtagningsrören, båda eller båda analyserade tillsammans. Dessa är alkalinitet, elektrisk konduktivitet, sulfat, klorid, kalcium, natrium, svavel, kalium, magnesium, strontium, barium, och nitratkväve. Sex av dem minskar statistiskt signifikant och dessa är pH-värdet, kadmium, zink, kvicksilver, bly och arsenik. Grundvattenmodellen visar att grundvattnet under etapp 1 flödar mot resten av anläggningen men att flöden ut från deponin finns i de sydvästra och sydöstra hörnen. Sluttäckningen leder till lägre nivåer och en förändrad grundvattendelare vilket kommer minska läckaget, främst i den sydvästra delen. Modellsimuleringar med olika grundvattenbildningsmängder och kloridkoncentrationer visade att ökningar av kloridhalter inte kan förklaras med minskad grundvattenbildning i kombination med förhöjda koncentrationer. Förklaringen bör därmed vara andra fysikaliska och eventuellt kemiska processer som skett samtidigt som sluttäckningen. De parametrar som påverkade simulerade ämneshalter mest var konduktansen i diken och dränering samt moränens hydrauliska konduktivitet. / Landfills are globally the most common waste treatment method but in Sweden the method is since 2001 used only for waste that cannot be reused in any way. Before 2001, almost any type of waste could be landfilled. Today a landfill is used as a final storage and old landfills are capped to minimize infiltration and contaminant transport. A capping consists of several layers which together seal and drain the landfill surface. Storing waste in a capped landfill is considered an environmentally hazardous activity, therefore it is of great interest to monitor the surrounding groundwater during and after capping to make sure that any contaminant concentrations decreases. At Hovgården waste treatment plant in Uppsala, Sweden, a landfill used since 1971 was capped during 2018. Elevated contaminant concentrations have been measured in two monitoring wells close to the landfill after the capping procedure started. The aim of this master thesis was to increase the understanding of trends in contaminant concentrations and to investigate how capping affects groundwater levels and concentrations. Concentration data were compiled and statistical tools in R were used to analyze trends. Additionally, a groundwater model of the area was created in MODFLOW and MT3DMS. The model was used to simulate different steady state scenarios with and without chloride transport. Twelve of 33 analyzed substances and parameters show a statistically significant increase. These are alkalinity, electrical conductance, sulphate, chloride, calcium, sodium, sulfur, potassium, magnesium, strontium, barium and nitrate. Six show a decrease, these are pH, cadmium, zinc, mercury, lead and arsenic. The groundwater model indicates that the groundwater flow in the landfill is directed towards the rest of the waste treatment plant except for two places where leakage occurs: the southwest and southeast corners of the landfill. The capping results in lower groundwater levels and an altered groundwater divide, which will reduce the contaminant leakage, particularly in the southwest part. Model simulations with varying recharge and chloride concentrations showed that the increase in chloride levels cannot be explained with only decreased infiltration combined with increased concentrations. Therefore, the explanation is assumed to be other physical processes and possibly chemical reactions due to or at the same time as the capping. The model parameters that effected the simulated concentrations to the greatest extent are the conductances in drains, and the hydraulic conductivity of the till soil.

<p>Deponijski gas koji nastaje kao rezultat anaerobnih procesa unutar<br />otpada na deponiji može da se iskoristi kao obnovljivi izvor<br />energije, smanjujući ujedno i zagađenje vazduha. Tretman procedne vode<br />u savremenim postrojenjima za prečišćavanje reverznom osmozom daje<br />neželjeni ostatak &ndash; koncentrat, koji se uobičajeno recirkuliše na<br />deponiju kao vid tretmana. Ova disertacija se bavi uticajem<br />recirkulacije na produkciju deponijskog gasa, kako bi se omogućila<br />bolja upravljivost i predikcija čitavog procesa upravljanja otpadom<br />sa ciljem održanja stabilne proizvodnje deponijskog gasa i povećanja<br />mogućnosti njegovog iskorišćenja u termo-energetskim postrojenjima.</p> / <p>Landfill gas resulting from the anaerobic processes in the waste at the landfill<br />can be used as a renewable energy source, reducing both air<br />pollution. Treatment of leachate in modern plants for the purification using<br />reverse osmosis gives unwanted residue - concentrate, which is typically<br />recirculated back to the landfill as a form of its treatment. This thesis deals<br />with the influence of recirculation in the production of landfill gas, to allow for<br />better handling and prediction of entire process of waste management in<br />order to maintain stable production of landfill gas and increasing<br />opportunities for its utilization in thermal and power plants.</p>

High density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes are normally used as part of a composite liner for waste containment facilities such as municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills and heap leach pads. Field conditions, which include physical stresses on the geomembrane, elevated operating temperatures, and contact with leachate constituents, have the potential to affect the service life of the HDPE geomembranes. This thesis examined the long-term performance of different HDPE geomembranes based on both conventional laboratory accelerated immersion tests and simulated landfill liner tests. A 1.5mm HDPE geomembrane was immersed in different synthetic leachates at different temperatures in order to evaluate the effects of leachate chemical constituents on the depletion of antioxidants. The results showed that a basic leachate with trace metals, surfactant, and a reducing agent was the most appropriate for evaluating the potential degradation of HDPE geomembranes. A similar immersion test was performed to evaluate the effects of thickness on the ageing of HDPE geomembranes. Three commercially available HDPE geomembranes having nominal thicknesses of 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5mm were immersed in a synthetic leachate at four different temperatures in this experiment. The results showed that a thicker geomembrane may have a longer service life if other things are similar. The depletion of antioxidants from a 1.5mm thick HDPE geomembrane was examined by conducting accelerated ageing tests at 55, 70, and 85oC under simulated landfill liner conditions. The results showed that the antioxidant depletion rate was consistently lower for the simulated landfill liner tests compared to the leachate immersion tests. The effectiveness of the aged HDPE geomembrane on the migration of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was examined by conducting diffusion and partitioning tests using both unaged and aged HDPE geomembranes. The results showed that the ageing of HDPE geomembranes did not increase diffusive migration of organic contaminants, provided that the geomembrane remained intact. A new method was developed to estimate the service life of the HDPE geomembrane based on the landfill liner temperature history. The service lives of the HDPE geomembranes were calculated to be between 20 and 4700 years, depending on the geomembrane type, exposure conditions, and the time-temperature history examined. / Thesis (Ph.D, Civil Engineering) -- Queen's University, 2009-01-30 09:30:49.135

No description available.

The main goal of this work has been that of optimizing the operating conditions of a biofilter, intended for the control of methane, an important greenhouse gas widely emitted by older or smaller landfill installations.The specific objectives were: (1) to select a suitable packing material (of organic or inorganic type); (2) to optimize the concentrations of input nutrients, mainly consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and copper, which are intended to be introduced via the nutrient solution; (3) to determine the optimized values of the most important design parameters, such as the methane inlet load (which depends on the air flow rate and the inlet methane concentration); and (4) to model the biofilter performance. Firstly, the comparison of the two packing materials, one of organic type, and the other of inorganic type, has revealed that the latter was the more appropriate material for the methane biofiltration. Then, through the use of the selected packing material, the influence of each individual nutrient on the efficiency of the process has been investigated.The results obtained have shown that both nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations have to be controlled, while potassium and copper were revealed as being nutrients of only minor importance. Secondly, the optimization of the inlet gas flow rate and of the inlet methane concentration (and consequently, of the methane inlet load also), has been performed. According to the results of the studies, these parameters require good control during methane biofiltration because a limitation in biofilter performance could otherwise be induced. In addition, it was noted that the increase in the inlet gas flow rate led generally to a greater decrease of the methane conversion than the one induced by the inlet methane concentration. Finally, a new method, based on the use of solid extracts sampled from the methane biofilter, has been applied to the determination of methane biofilter kinetic parameters. Following this study, a steady state model of the methane biofiltration, taking into consideration the important operational parameters, as identified previously, has been developed. One particular feature of this model is that it takes into consideration the influence of the biofilter average temperature.The prediction results, obtained with the use of the model, have been successfully compared with the experimental results.

Résumé : Les biosystèmes d’oxydation passive du CH[indice inférieur 4] constituent une alternative techniquement et économiquement viable pour la réduction des émissions fugitives de CH[indice inférieur 4] dans l’atmosphère par les sites d’enfouissement. Directement intégrés au recouvrement final, ils sont constitués d’une succession de couche de matériaux au sein desquelles se développent les bactéries méthanotrophes capable d’oxyder le CH[indice inférieur 4] en CO[indice inférieur 2] de façon passive, en présence de l’oxygène moléculaire. La capacité des BOPMs à réduire les émissions de CH[indice inférieur 4] a été associée à plusieurs paramètres météorologiques et environnementaux, entre autres la végétation. L’objectif de ce projet est de déterminer l’effet de la végétation dans l’oxydation du CH[indice inférieur 4] par les biosystèmes. Pour atteindre cet objectif, des études de l’efficacité d’oxydation du CH[indice inférieur 4] dans des bacs pourvus de végétation, dans des conditions contrôlées de laboratoire et partiellement contrôlées de terrain, suivie d’une étude de la cinétique d’oxydation des sols de rhizosphère pré-conditionnés au CH[indice inférieur 4], ont été effectuées. Quatre bacs ont été testés, comprenant : le trèfle blanc (Trifolium repens L.), la fléole des prés (Phleum pratense L.), un mélange des deux espèces végétales (mélange) et le sol nu (dépourvu de végétation). Les résultats des bacs d’oxydation ont montré que, jusqu’à un débit de 100 g CH[indice inférieur 4]/m[indice supérieur 2]/jr, les espèces végétales n’avaient pas d’influence sur les résultats, et les efficacités d’oxydation étaient de l’ordre de ~100%. Au-delà de cette valeur, les efficacités étaient toujours élevées, et une différence statistiquement significative a été observée entre les espèces végétales. Le sol nu était le plus efficace, tandis que le mélange et le trèfle étaient les moins efficaces au laboratoire et sur le terrain respectivement. Néanmoins, les différences d’efficacités entre les bacs n’étaient pas très grandes et les taux d’oxydation dans les bacs n’ont pas cessé de croitre tout au long des essais, suggérant que la capacité d’oxydation maximale des bacs n’a pas été atteinte. L’étude de la cinétique d’oxydation a également montré que la végétation n’avait pas d’effet significatif sur les taux d’oxydation. Ces observations ne corroborent pas ce qui est rapporté dans la littérature concernant l’effet positif de la végétation. Néanmoins, les conclusions de cette étude ont été en adéquation par l’analyse des profils d’efficacité, de la biomasse racinaire et des caractéristiques physico-chimiques des sols du BOPM. Par ailleurs, un effet significatif de la végétation sur le degré de saturation en eau dans les BOPMs a également été observé. Cette dernière observation a été associée au mécanisme de régulation de la teneur en eau par les racines des plantes. Les principales limitations de cette étude concernaient la durée des essais et le nombre d’espèces végétales. En résumé, pour les espèces végétales testées, il a été démontré que la végétation ne constitue pas un facteur clé stimulant l’oxydation du CH[indice inférieur 4] dans les BOPMs. De plus, l’étude de la cinétique d’oxydation a montré que de meilleur taux d’oxydation étaient obtenus dans un sol de rhizosphère modérément pré-exposé au CH[indice inférieur 4] comparativement à un sol sans végétation, ou à une rhizosphère non pré-exposée ou très pré-exposée au CH[indice inférieur 4]. / Abstract : The passive CH[subscript 4] oxidation Biosystems are a cost-effective technology for the reduction of landfills fugitive CH[subscript 4] emissions in the atmosphere. As part of the final cover, they are made up of a sequence of soil layers capable to develop methanotrophic bacteria for passive CH[subscript 4] oxidation into CO[subscript 2], in the presence of molecular oxygen. The ability of biosystems to reduce CH[subscript 4] emissions was related to several meteorological and environmental parameters, including vegetation. The main objective of this project is to determine the effect of vegetation on CH[subscript 4] oxidation by biosystems. Studies of the CH[subscript 4] oxidation efficiencies of vegetated column under controlled conditions prevailing in the laboratory and under the partially controlled conditions in the field, followed by the study of the CH[subscript 4] oxidation kinetics of the preconditioned rhizospheric soil, were carried out. Four columns were tested, including: white clover (Trifolium repens L.), timothy grass (Phleum pratense L.), a mixture of both (mixture) and bare soil (control biosystem). The results of the column study showed that up to a loading of 100 g CH[subscript 4]/m[superscript 2]/d, plant species did not influence the results, and the CH[subscript 4] oxidation efficiencies were in the vicinity of ~ 100%. Beyond this value, the efficiencies were still high, and a statistically significant difference was observed between plant species. Bare soil was the most efficient while the mixture and white clover were the least in the laboratory and the field respectively. However, differences in efficiencies between the columns were not high and the oxidation rates continued to increase throughout the test, suggesting that the maximum oxidation capacity of the biosystems tested may have never been fully attained. The kinetics study also showed that vegetation did not have significant effect on CH[subscript 4] oxidation rate. These observations do not corroborate what is reported in technical literature on the positive effect of vegetation. Nevertheless, the findings of this study were adequacy with the analysis of the profiles of efficiencies, root biomass and physico-chemical characteristics of soils. Moreover, a significant effect of vegetation on the degree of water saturation in Biosystems was also observed. The latter was associated with the mechanism of water content regulation through plant roots. The main limitations of this study concerned the duration of the tests and the number of plant species. In summary, for the plant species studied herein, it was shown that the vegetation is not a key factor for enhancing CH[subscript 4] oxidation in biosystems. Moreover, the study of the kinetics of CH[subscript 4] oxidation showed that better oxidation rate were obtained in a moderately pre-exposed rhizospheric soil compared to bare soils, to never before pre-exposed or very pre-exposed rhizospheric soils to CH[subscript 4].

In the waste management system of Peru, there is a lot to fix, change and improve from households areas. In this report is presented why and how necessary is the construction of landfills to have an appropriate place to dispose the waste of the collection .At the same time, the report shows how profitable can be from social, economic and ecologic way, with the investment of treatment plants that use biogas from the landfills to produce energy. Differents solutions – vehicle fuel production, electricity generation etc – are discussed in light of the different economy, geography and social situation in three selected cases.