Translating thoughts into sentences involves planning at several levels of representation (e.g., conceptual, syntactic, phonological). An adequate theory of speech production must specify the principles governing planning at different levels of representation, including the scope of planning for a given level and the relations among levels. In three experiments, I investigated referential and phonological planning in a naturalistic speaking task. In the central experiment, subjects described to a listener simple events involving objects displayed on a computer screen. On each trial, line drawings of four objects were presented simultaneously, each on a background square of a different color. One of the pictures jumped next to one of the other pictures and then jumped back to its original position. The subject's task was to describe to a listener what had happened, using the verb "bumped" and having been told that the listener had the same display but without the movement. An example utterance was "The cat bumped the motorcycle." Subjects' utterances were tape-recorded for later analysis. Two factors were manipulated: First, whether a color adjective was needed to distinguish an object involved in the event from an identical, but differently colored, object in the display, and, second, whether the names for the objects were short (one syllable) or long (three or more syllables). The ambiguity manipulation varied the complexity of planning at the message level, and the length manipulation varied phonological encoding (longer words take longer to prepare). The pattern of initiation times and within-sentence delays provided evidence for the following conclusions: (1) The speaker's decision to initiate speech depends on having achieved a certain stage in planning, which can vary from task to task (the Transparency Assumption). (2) In the most natural of the experimental tasks, initiation depended on retrieving the phonology of the subject noun, even when it was preceded by an adjective, consistent with a proposed Lexical Head Principle for initiation. (3) The scope of planning during speech depends on available mental capacity, not on the structure of the utterance--complexity early in an utterance decreased the amount of upcoming material that could be planned concurrently.

<p> The goal of this study was to examine how educational expectation, academic self-efficacy of Math and English, parental expectation, and parental involvement affect ELL students' educational attainment. Given the large and growing percentage of the ELL population in U.S. schools, the status of ELL students' educational attainment is cause for concern. Research on educational attainment for this specific population is scarce; let alone the investigation of predictors of ELL students' educational attainment. </p><p> This study used a nationally representative sample from Educational Longitudinal Study: 2002/2006. Path analysis and structural equation modeling were used to test four models depicting the relation between educational expectation, academic self-efficacy of Math and English, parental expectation, parental involvement and ELL students' high school completion and postsecondary institution enrollment. The results showed that all four models fit the data very well. Statistically significant direct effects were found from students' educational expectation at time 2 to high school graduation and also postsecondary institution enrollment. Statistically significant indirect effects were found from students' educational expectation at time 1 to high school graduation and also postsecondary institution enrollment. Both the measurement and structural models of Model 3 and Model 4 fit the data well. Statistically significant direct effects were found from parental expectation and parental involvement at time 1 to high school graduation and postsecondary institution enrollment. Comparison analysis was conducted between Asian-language speakers and Spanish speakers. Model 1&amp; 2 fit Asian-language speakers well but not for Spanish speakers. Model 3 and 4 fit both Spanish speakers and Asian-language speakers, but the models explained more variances in the outcome variables for Spanish speakers. The findings of this study had implications for educational policies targeting ELL students. Limitations and future research recommendations were discussed. </p>

Thesis--Universität Leipzig. / Vita. Includes index.

Denne afhandling handler om hvordan deltagere ved idéudviklingsmøder i danske organisationer udvikler nye idéer. Datagrundlaget i afhandlingen er elleve filmede møder fra tre danske organisationers kommunikationsafdelinger. Afhandlingen har fokus på hvordan idéer skabes i detaljen når deltagere interagerer tur efter tur og ved hjælp af multimodale ressourcer såsom brug af kroppen og artefakter i rummet. Dette fokus på idéudvikling er underbelyst i den eksisterende litteratur om innovation og kreativitet. Få har undersøgt i detaljen hvordan idéer skabes i specifikke situationer hvor medarbejdere interagerer. Afhandlingen tilbyder her en mere præcis og detaljeret beskrivelse af hvordan idéer skabes. Dette sker med særligt fokus på to sammenhængende forskningsspørgsmål: Hvordan idéer skabes i medgang, dvs. når andre deltagere affilierer med idéfremsætteren og den fremsatte idé, og hvordan idéer skabes i modgang, dvs. når andre deltagere disaffilierer med idéfremsætteren og den fremsatte idé. Det konkluderes at udvikling af idéer er en kompleks, sekventielt udfoldet og multimodalt betinget social proces der ikke handler om at overføre information (som antaget i mange kreativitetsteorier og den klassiske transmissions-kommunikationsmodel), men om at samskabe idéer ved hjælp af en række semiotiske in situ-ressourcer. Afhandlingen bidrager derpå med en helt ny metodologisk tilgang til at studere innovationens første kaotiske kreative fase hvor deltagere skaber idéer. Det indebærer udviklingen af en særlig multimodal analysemodel (Multimodal Interaktionsanalyse) der tager højde for deltagernes lokale produktion af mening.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2009. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-06, Section: A, page: . Advisers: Jose Ignacio Hualde; Peter S. Golato. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 151-156) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.

published_or_final_version / Curriculum Studies / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

Esta pesquisa surgiu do trabalho clínico com crianças, no qual, os contos de fadas foram trazidos, freqüentemente, na narrativa de suas fantasias. Tem como principal objetivo, investigar esses contos como um lugar de endereçamento que captura o sujeito ao fazer falar sua fantasia, na repetição do seu conflito psíquico, construindo assim, o seu mito individual. Especificamente, relacionar os mitos com os contos de fadas, e esses, com o conflito psíquico do sujeito e investigar, à luz da Aufhebung freudiana, como a criança, através da repetição, na relação transferencial, constrói o seu mito individual. Este trabalho focaliza a construção do mito individual, a partir dos mitos coletivos, especialmente, aqueles que se fazem presentes nos contos de fadas. Esse processo de interposição do coletivo ao individual e viceversa é sustentado pelo movimento da Aufhebung freudiana proposta por Frej (2003) que vai criando espaços e fronteiras, muitas vezes, atenuando-as, de modo que elas se dissolvem e desaparecem, possibilitando a interposição desses mitos. Os contos se constituem como um lugar de endereçamento que captura a criança ao narrarem suas fantasias, fazendo-se emergir o sujeito do inconsciente, por meio dos equívocos que a narrativa oral propicia, já que esses contos são constituídos de elementos primitivos que remontam o conflito psíquico. A criança e o adulto, na perspectiva psicanalítica, não se diferenciam no que diz respeito a questão do infantil, na medida em que, o sujeito que se encontra em processo analítico, traz o infantil como elemento fundador de sua demanda analítica. Na clínica com crianças a relação transferencial é atravessada pela demanda dos pais, e se torna bastante peculiar no que diz respeito à criança, embora, em termos conceituais, essa transferência, não se diferencie. A Transferência que se estabelece entre a criança e a psicoterapeuta propicia o processo de repetição do conflito psíquico e a construção do mito individual. Esta dissertação se constitui como uma pesquisa teórica em psicanálise com pequenas ilustrações de fragmentos clínicos e pertence ao projeto Limites, fronteiras e endereçamento entre mãe e criança, da Prof. Dra Nanette Frej da Universidade Católica de Pernambuco. Neste tipo de pesquisa, o pesquisador está imbricado de forma mais próxima e se inclui também na relação transferencial com o sujeito investigado, uma vez que este é compreendido em sua singularidade / This research arose from clinical work with children, in which fairy tales were brought, often in the narrative of their fantasies. It has as main objective, to investigate the fairy tales as a place of address that captures the subject by making him talk about his fantasy, in the repetition of his psychological conflict, creating his individual myth. Specifically, relating the myths to the fairy tales, and those with the subjects psychic conflict and investigating it, in the light of Freudian Aufhebung, as a child, through repetition, in the transferencial relation, builds its personal myth. This work focuses on the construction of the individual myths, from the collective myths, especially those present in fairy tales. This process of bringing an individual to collective and vice versa is supported by the movement of the Freudian Aufhebung proposed by Frej (2003) creating spaces and frontiers, often reducing them, so they dissolve and disappear, toning down them, so that they dissolve and disappear, enabling to interpose those myths. The stories are like a place that captures the child when telling his fantasies, emerging the unconscious subject, through the mistakes provided by oral narrative, as those tales are constituted of primitive elements that date back to psychic conflict. Child and adult, in a psychoanalytic perspective, does not differ when it comes to child issue, in a way that the subject who is in the analytical process, brings the child as a founder of his demand system. In the clinic with children, the transferencial relation is crossed by the demand of parents, and becomes quite peculiar as regards the child, although in conceptual terms, this transfer does not differentiate. The transfer that is established between the child and the psychotherapist makes the process of repetition of psychic conflict and the construction of the individual myth. This dissertation is constituted as a theoretical research in psychoanalysis with small illustrations of clinical fragments and belongs to the project Limites, frontiers and addressing between mother and child, from Professor. Dr Nanette Frej of the Universidade Catolica de Pernambuco. In this kind of research, the researcher is overlapped so close that he also includes himself in the transferencial relation with the investigated subject, as it is understood in their uniqueness

Submitted by Biblioteca Central (biblioteca@unicap.br) on 2017-10-23T18:14:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_talita_raquel_araujo_creder.pdf: 1048959 bytes, checksum: 5e78e0e7d5a653dee70a6b006e5c5540 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-23T18:14:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_talita_raquel_araujo_creder.pdf: 1048959 bytes, checksum: 5e78e0e7d5a653dee70a6b006e5c5540 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-24 / This research arose from clinical work with children, in which fairy tales were brought, often in the narrative of their fantasies. It has as main objective, to investigate the fairy tales as a place of address that captures the subject by making him talk about his fantasy, in the repetition of his psychological conflict, creating his individual myth. Specifically, relating the myths to the fairy tales, and those with the subject´s psychic conflict and investigating it, in the light of Freudian Aufhebung, as a child, through repetition, in the transferencial relation, builds its personal myth. This work focuses on the construction of the individual myths, from the collective myths, especially those present in fairy tales. This process of bringing an individual to collective and vice versa is supported by the movement of the Freudian Aufhebung proposed by Frej (2003) creating spaces and frontiers, often reducing them, so they dissolve and disappear, toning down them, so that they dissolve and disappear, enabling to interpose those myths. The stories are like a place that captures the child when telling his fantasies, emerging the unconscious subject, through the mistakes provided by oral narrative, as those tales are constituted of primitive elements that date back to psychic conflict. Child and adult, in a psychoanalytic perspective, does not differ when it comes to child issue, in a way that the subject who is in the analytical process, brings the child as a founder of his demand system. In the clinic with children, the transferencial relation is crossed by the demand of parents, and becomes quite peculiar as regards the child, although in conceptual terms, this transfer does not differentiate. The transfer that is established between the child and the psychotherapist makes the process of repetition of psychic conflict and the construction of the individual myth. This dissertation is constituted as a theoretical research in psychoanalysis with small illustrations of clinical fragments and belongs to the project Limites, frontiers and addressing between mother and child, from Professor. Dr Nanette Frej of the Universidade Catolica de Pernambuco. In this kind of research, the researcher is overlapped so close that he also includes himself in the transferencial relation with the investigated subject, as it is understood in their uniqueness. / Esta pesquisa surgiu do trabalho clínico com crianças, no qual, os contos de fadas foram trazidos, freqüentemente, na narrativa de suas fantasias. Tem como principal objetivo, investigar esses contos como um lugar de endereçamento que captura o sujeito ao fazer falar sua fantasia, na repetição do seu conflito psíquico, construindo assim, o seu mito individual. Especificamente, relacionar os mitos com os contos de fadas, e esses, com o conflito psíquico do sujeito e investigar, à luz da Aufhebung freudiana, como a criança, através da repetição, na relação transferencial, constrói o seu mito individual. Este trabalho focaliza a construção do mito individual, a partir dos mitos coletivos, especialmente, aqueles que se fazem presentes nos contos de fadas. Esse processo de interposição do coletivo ao individual e viceversa é sustentado pelo movimento da Aufhebung freudiana proposta por Frej (2003) que vai criando espaços e fronteiras, muitas vezes, atenuando-as, de modo que elas se dissolvem e desaparecem, possibilitando a interposição desses mitos. Os contos se constituem como um lugar de endereçamento que captura a criança ao narrarem suas fantasias, fazendo-se emergir o sujeito do inconsciente, por meio dos equívocos que a narrativa oral propicia, já que esses contos são constituídos de elementos primitivos que remontam o conflito psíquico. A criança e o adulto, na perspectiva psicanalítica, não se diferenciam no que diz respeito a questão do infantil, na medida em que, o sujeito que se encontra em processo analítico, traz o infantil como elemento fundador de sua demanda analítica. Na clínica com crianças a relação transferencial é atravessada pela demanda dos pais, e se torna bastante peculiar no que diz respeito à criança, embora, em termos conceituais, essa transferência, não se diferencie. A Transferência que se estabelece entre a criança e a psicoterapeuta propicia o processo de repetição do conflito psíquico e a construção do mito individual. Esta dissertação se constitui como uma pesquisa teórica em psicanálise com pequenas ilustrações de fragmentos clínicos e pertence ao projeto Limites, fronteiras e endereçamento entre mãe e criança, da Prof. Dra Nanette Frej da Universidade Católica de Pernambuco. Neste tipo de pesquisa, o pesquisador está imbricado de forma mais próxima e se inclui também na relação transferencial com o sujeito investigado, uma vez que este é compreendido em sua singularidade.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:30:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Celia Maria Marcondes Ferraz Silva.pdf: 899850 bytes, checksum: 8bf9aec6a377cbb7b8ce5bddb05ec61c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-14 / The subject for the present project is to contribute for the history of the Social Psychology in Brazil showing that Silvia Tatiana Maurer Lane (1933-2006) has an important contribution for the theoretical propositions concerning the Brazilian social psychology that was adopted for other social psychologists, professors and social scientists. To work as a professor has a key influence for Silvia s thoughts and ideas. She has often been criticism of the psychology with American influence, as well as in relation to the classic methods of teaching in Brazil. The PUC-SP institution where she works for forty years provides her a freedom and an open environment that enhance her way. In order to study Silvia s publications and live had been used personal documents, books, interviews and biographies made by other authors. The personal documents found in the Núcleo de Estudos em História da Psicologia-NEHPSI give us an important contribution for our conclusions and show her strong image as a professor and scientist in Brazil and abroad. The analysis of Silvia s productions demonstrates a strong relationship among the socio historic environment and her ideas over the course of lifetime work. In order to analyze Silvia s thoughts and ideas has a key importance a non-edit text named My way wrote before her death with the intention to prepare a book with a collection of writings published or not, which ones was difficult to achieve. This text allows us to understand the structure given by her to her own thoughts. We discovered that the language psychology, the theoretical bases for a Brazilian social psychology, the community psychology, the studies concerning the process to become a group and the emotional mediation, represents subjects that have been present throughout the course of her life s generating researches, texts, courses and presentations. Time pass and new views and considerations have been added to these themes. The work was not finished before her death living space for other texts and studies in future / Nosso propósito ao elaborar esta tese é contribuir com o estudo da Psicologia Social no Brasil, mostrando que Silvia Tatiana Maurer Lane (1933-2006) teve importância relevante na formulação das bases teóricas de uma Psicologia Social Brasileira, adotada por psicólogos sociais, professores e pesquisadores. A atividade docente foi fundamental para a formação do pensamento da intelectual respeitada, tendo se desenvolvido por meio de uma postura crítica, permanente, à psicologia social de influência americana e aos métodos tradicionais de ensino. A PUC de São Paulo, instituição na qual trabalhou durante quarenta anos, proporcionou à Silvia um ambiente de liberdade intelectual que favoreceu o seu trajeto. Escolhemos para estudar a autora um caminho ainda não trilhado por outros pesquisadores que falaram a respeito da ilustre professora, conduzindo a nossa pesquisa, em especial, a partir dos documentos pessoais encontrados no acervo deixado na PUC de São Paulo sob a guarda do Núcleo de Estudos em História da Psicologia-NEHPSI, além de livros, entrevistas e biografias escritas por outros autores. A análise do percurso de Silvia nos mostrou conexões importantes entre o seu trabalho e o contexto sócio-histórico e revelaram o prestígio da professora no Brasil e no exterior. Para o estudo das ideias, tomamos por base um texto ainda não publicado, denominado: Caminhos percorridos , escrito pouco tempo antes da sua morte e cuja finalidade era preparar uma coletânea dos seus textos, publicados ou não, mas de difícil acesso. A leitura nos permitiu entender a estrutura dada por ela ao seu próprio pensamento. Constamos que a psicologia da linguagem, as bases teóricas para formulação de uma psicologia social brasileira, a psicologia comunitária, o processo grupal e a mediação emocional são temas que estão presentes ao longo de toda a obra, gerando pesquisas, textos, cursos e apresentações, recebendo ao longo do tempo, novos olhares e releituras que fizeram avançar a compreensão dos temas. A obra não se encerra com a sua morte, deixando espaço para novos estudos e textos a serem produzidos