The research in this thesis focuses on issues surrounding modern language provision within Scottish further education during the period 2000-2002. The study analyses the arguments regarding the place of modern language study within Scottish further education (FE) as expressed in formal and informal discourses, and assesses the influence of socio-cultural and socio-historical assumptions on these discourses. To this end, a multi-strand and multi-level research model was adopted, examining official and other public documents, together with views expressed by stakeholders from five Scottish FE colleges and from industry. These were analysed both on their own terms and by taking into account changes in the external context. The initial focus of the study centred on the motivational characteristics of student participants. However, changes in the external context prompted the inclusion of further data into the research design and a shift of methodological emphasis, exploring the ways in which assumptions underlying data collection procedures related to labour market information and uptake of individual FE subjects may be contributing to a continuous re-affirmation that 'English is enough'. The validity of this assertion and the authority accorded to it are called into question. It is argued that the belief will increasingly limit Scottish FE students' potential to participate as self-confident and self-determining individuals in a global and multilingual economy for which their vocational education and training is ostensibly trying to prepare them. Some suggestions, arising from the research, for a more inclusive language education policy are considered.

Research in the process of reading to write used by foreign language (FL) students is lacking. This study is descriptive in nature as its main purpose was to generate a hypothesis about how good Spanish-as-foreign-language (SFL) students in a third-year level class performed reading-to-write tasks. The following objectives guided the investigation: (1) to explore the processes and strategies that good upper-level SFL students in a third-year Spanish composition class used to perform reading-to-write tasks; (2) to explore how the processes used were affected by the contextual constraints of academic writing within an authentic FL class; and (3) to explore how the students integrated information from the source texts into their writing in terms of types of use of information, their function, and location in the students' texts. Case study was used to explore the processes of reading to write and to capture the relationship between cognition and context within an academic FL setting. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, two good third-year SFL students from a composition and conversation class in a large southeastern university were the subjects in this investigation. The subjects performed two reading-to-write tasks as part of their class assignments. The two reading-to-write tasks were intensely analyzed as to the processes and strategies that the subjects used and the effects of the teacher's expectations, of the rules and conventions of academic writing, and of the subjects’ limited command in Spanish on such processes. In addition, a product analysis was conducted on the final written products. Stimulated-recall interview was used as the method for data collection process. The subjects also kept reading and writing logs for each task that were used to help stimulate recall of the processes they used. Findings indicate that the process of reading to write used by good third-year SFL students is a recursive process that includes the orchestration of the following major processes: brainstorming/synthesizing, monitoring, structuring, elaborating, planning, relaxing, writing, revising, and editing. In addition, results show that contextual constraints affect the processes listed above. Among the contextual factors explored, teacher's expectations had the strongest effect. Rules and conventions of academic writing and limited command of Spanish also affected the processes of writing from source texts. Results from the product analysis indicate that good SFL students tend to integrate information from the source texts using mainly original statements, synthesis, and paraphrases. Results led to the design of a preliminary-research based model that could have important implications for future research and consequences for teaching. / Ph. D.

Les deux personnages dont nous faisons l'analyse sont Gavroche dans Les Misérables de Victor Hugo (1862) et Jacquou dans Jacquou le Croquant d'Eugène Le Roy (1899). Gavroche, scion l'expression de Jacques Neefs, est considéré comme un "bâtard" de la société et Jacquou comme le pauvre fils d'un paysan criminel. Tous deux ont en commun le fait qu'ils incarnent une représentation d'un esprit révolutionnaire et de rébellion contre l'ordre établi. Nous considérons la situation de ces deux jeunes enfants face à la fatalité et aux injustices sociales tout en rappelant le fait que leur sort est lié aux conditions politiques, économiques et sociales du début du XIXe siècle. Notre problématique principale est de savoir si, selon qu'un enfant grandissait à la ville ou la campagne, son sort était différent et s'il avait plus de chance de "s'en sortir" sachant qu'à la base nos deux jeunes héros ont un point commun : ils grandissent sans parent.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-03T11:52:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-10-29Bitstream added on 2015-03-03T12:06:41Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000805824_20200331.pdf: 472916 bytes, checksum: a792c329d54ab29e3122d5600990261c (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Esta tese objetivou criar uma proposta teórico-metodológica para análise de inserções parentéticas em textos escritos – aplicável a textos escritos –, a partir dos fundamentos teórico-analíticos da Gramática Textual-Interativa (GTI), tomando como base um corpus escrito – chat educacional escrito em espanhol como língua estrangeira – e, na sequência, aplicar a mencionada proposta nesse corpus, além de outros aspectos teóricos. Para isso, inicialmente, elaboramos e definimos – tendo como base o referido corpus – uma Unidade de Análise e um Critério de Seleção, de Identificação, de Delimitação e de Reconhecimento de inserção parentética para, em uma etapa posterior, proceder a uma análise da parentetização – nesse mesmo corpus – em contexto de Comunicação Mediada por Computador (CMC) em situação de ensino e aprendizagem de língua estrangeira, e, mais especificamente, em chat educacional voltado para o ensino de espanhol para brasileiros. A parentetização foi descrita e analisada em sessões de chat educacional de um curso de espanhol com fins específicos, intitulado “Español para Turismo” (EPT), ministrado totalmente a distância, sem o uso de recursos de áudio e vídeo. Essas sessões de chat educacional foram realizadas essencialmente por escrito, em tempo real (síncrono), em língua espanhola por participantes brasileiros. Além disso, como desdobramento do próprio trabalho da tese, elaboramos uma definição de um gênero de chat considerado mais “geral”, que denominamos de Chat Geral, e uma definição do Chat Educacional. Especificamente, esta tese: (a) Define uma Unidade de Análise, de caráter discursivo, para uma análise de inserções parentéticas tanto no corpus como também aplicável a outros textos escritos; (b) Define um Critério de Seleção, de Identificação, de Delimitação e de Reconhecimento (CRISIDER) de inserção parentética tanto no corpus como também ... / The aim of this thesis is to present a theoretical and methodological approach for analysis of parenthetical insertions in written texts – applicable to written texts – from theoretical and analytical grounds of Textual-Interactive Grammar (TIG), considering an educational chat written in Spanish as a foreign language as a written corpus. For this, we first elaborated and defined a Unit of Analysis and a Criterion of Selection, Identification, Delimitation and Recognition of parenthetical insertion. Later, we carried out a parenthetical analysis – in the same corpus – in a Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) method, regarding to foreign language teaching-learning process – more specifically, in an educational chat to teach Spanish to Brazilians. The parenthetical insertions were described and analysed in educational chat sessions of a Spanish course for specific purposes „Spanish for Tourism" (SFT), totally taught online, without audio and videos features. These educational chat sessions were in real time (synchronous), being essentially developed in written Spanish by Brazilian participants. Moreover, as a development from the thesis itself, we established a definition of a chat type considered mostly as „general", named General Chat, and a concept of Educational Chat. This thesis specifically: (a) Define a Unit of Analysis, a discursive unit to analyse parenthetical insertions not only in the corpus but also applicable to other written texts; (b) Define a Criterion of Selection, Identification, Delimitation and Recognition of parenthetical insertions in the corpus and other written texts; (c) Once items (a) and (b) were completed, we examined parenthetical insertions applying the Unit of Analysis and Criterion of Selection. Also, these parenthetical expressions were analysed according to the segmentation proposed by Delomier and Morel (1986), and some concepts by Jubran ... / El objetivo de esta tesis ha sido crear una propuesta teórico-metodológica para el análisis de inserciones parentéticas en textos escritos – aplicable a textos escritos –, a partir de los fundamentos teórico-analíticos de la Gramática Textual-Interactiva (GTI), adoptando como base un corpus escrito – chat educacional escrito en español como lengua extranjera – y, enseguida, aplicar la referida propuesta en ese corpus, además de otros aspectos teóricos. Para ello, inicialmente, elaboramos y definimos – teniendo como base el dicho corpus – una Unidad de Análisis y un Criterio de Selección, de Identificación, de Delimitación y de Reconocimiento de inserción parentética para, en una etapa posterior, proceder a un análisis de las inserciones parentéticas – en ese mismo corpus – en un contexto de Comunicación Mediada por Ordenador (CMO) en situación de enseñanza y aprendizaje de lengua extranjera, y, más específicamente, en un chat educacional dirigido a la enseñanza de español para brasileños. Las inserciones parentéticas han sido descritas y analizadas en sesiones de chat educacional de un curso de español con fines específicos, intitulado “Español para Turismo” (EPT), administrado totalmente a distancia, sin los recursos de audio y video. Esas sesiones de chat educacional fueron realizadas esencialmente por escrito, en tiempo real (síncrono), en lengua española por participantes brasileños. Además, como desdoblamiento de este trabajo de tesis, elaboramos una definición de un género considerado más “general”, que denominamos de Chat General, y de una definición de Chat Educacional. Específicamente, esta tesis: a) Define una Unidad de Análisis, de carácter discursivo, para un análisis de inserciones parentéticas tanto en el corpus como también aplicable a otros textos escritos; b) Define un Criterio de Selección, de Identificación, de Delimitación y de Reconocimiento ...

Doctorat en sciences psychologiques / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Orientador: Anise de Abreu Gonçalves D'Orange Ferreira / Co-orientador: Mercedes Marcos Sánchez / Banca: Nildicea Aparecida Rocha / Banca: Isadora Valencise Gregolin / Banca: Fabiana Cristina Komesu / Resumo: Esta tese objetivou criar uma proposta teórico-metodológica para análise de inserções parentéticas em textos escritos - aplicável a textos escritos -, a partir dos fundamentos teórico-analíticos da Gramática Textual-Interativa (GTI), tomando como base um corpus escrito - chat educacional escrito em espanhol como língua estrangeira - e, na sequência, aplicar a mencionada proposta nesse corpus, além de outros aspectos teóricos. Para isso, inicialmente, elaboramos e definimos - tendo como base o referido corpus - uma Unidade de Análise e um Critério de Seleção, de Identificação, de Delimitação e de Reconhecimento de inserção parentética para, em uma etapa posterior, proceder a uma análise da parentetização - nesse mesmo corpus - em contexto de Comunicação Mediada por Computador (CMC) em situação de ensino e aprendizagem de língua estrangeira, e, mais especificamente, em chat educacional voltado para o ensino de espanhol para brasileiros. A parentetização foi descrita e analisada em sessões de chat educacional de um curso de espanhol com fins específicos, intitulado "Español para Turismo" (EPT), ministrado totalmente a distância, sem o uso de recursos de áudio e vídeo. Essas sessões de chat educacional foram realizadas essencialmente por escrito, em tempo real (síncrono), em língua espanhola por participantes brasileiros. Além disso, como desdobramento do próprio trabalho da tese, elaboramos uma definição de um gênero de chat considerado mais "geral", que denominamos de Chat Geral, e uma definição do Chat Educacional. Especificamente, esta tese: (a) Define uma Unidade de Análise, de caráter discursivo, para uma análise de inserções parentéticas tanto no corpus como também aplicável a outros textos escritos; (b) Define um Critério de Seleção, de Identificação, de Delimitação e de Reconhecimento (CRISIDER) de inserção parentética tanto no corpus como também ... / Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to present a theoretical and methodological approach for analysis of parenthetical insertions in written texts - applicable to written texts - from theoretical and analytical grounds of Textual-Interactive Grammar (TIG), considering an educational chat written in Spanish as a foreign language as a written corpus. For this, we first elaborated and defined a Unit of Analysis and a Criterion of Selection, Identification, Delimitation and Recognition of parenthetical insertion. Later, we carried out a parenthetical analysis - in the same corpus - in a Computer Mediated Communication (CMC) method, regarding to foreign language teaching-learning process - more specifically, in an educational chat to teach Spanish to Brazilians. The parenthetical insertions were described and analysed in educational chat sessions of a Spanish course for specific purposes „Spanish for Tourism‟ (SFT), totally taught online, without audio and videos features. These educational chat sessions were in real time (synchronous), being essentially developed in written Spanish by Brazilian participants. Moreover, as a development from the thesis itself, we established a definition of a chat type considered mostly as „general‟, named General Chat, and a concept of Educational Chat. This thesis specifically: (a) Define a Unit of Analysis, a discursive unit to analyse parenthetical insertions not only in the corpus but also applicable to other written texts; (b) Define a Criterion of Selection, Identification, Delimitation and Recognition of parenthetical insertions in the corpus and other written texts; (c) Once items (a) and (b) were completed, we examined parenthetical insertions applying the Unit of Analysis and Criterion of Selection. Also, these parenthetical expressions were analysed according to the segmentation proposed by Delomier and Morel (1986), and some concepts by Jubran ... / Resumen: El objetivo de esta tesis ha sido crear una propuesta teórico-metodológica para el análisis de inserciones parentéticas en textos escritos - aplicable a textos escritos -, a partir de los fundamentos teórico-analíticos de la Gramática Textual-Interactiva (GTI), adoptando como base un corpus escrito - chat educacional escrito en español como lengua extranjera - y, enseguida, aplicar la referida propuesta en ese corpus, además de otros aspectos teóricos. Para ello, inicialmente, elaboramos y definimos - teniendo como base el dicho corpus - una Unidad de Análisis y un Criterio de Selección, de Identificación, de Delimitación y de Reconocimiento de inserción parentética para, en una etapa posterior, proceder a un análisis de las inserciones parentéticas - en ese mismo corpus - en un contexto de Comunicación Mediada por Ordenador (CMO) en situación de enseñanza y aprendizaje de lengua extranjera, y, más específicamente, en un chat educacional dirigido a la enseñanza de español para brasileños. Las inserciones parentéticas han sido descritas y analizadas en sesiones de chat educacional de un curso de español con fines específicos, intitulado "Español para Turismo" (EPT), administrado totalmente a distancia, sin los recursos de audio y video. Esas sesiones de chat educacional fueron realizadas esencialmente por escrito, en tiempo real (síncrono), en lengua española por participantes brasileños. Además, como desdoblamiento de este trabajo de tesis, elaboramos una definición de un género considerado más "general", que denominamos de Chat General, y de una definición de Chat Educacional. Específicamente, esta tesis: a) Define una Unidad de Análisis, de carácter discursivo, para un análisis de inserciones parentéticas tanto en el corpus como también aplicable a otros textos escritos; b) Define un Criterio de Selección, de Identificación, de Delimitación y de Reconocimiento ... / Doutor

Bibliography: leaves 211-227. This thesis addresses the implications of language policy for foreign language teaching practice. It specifically looks at the implementation of language policy on the practice of teaching English in Indonesian and Thai primary schools as well as on the practice of teaching Indonesian in Australian primary schools.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / This thesis analyzes factors related to academic, military and personal backgrounds that affect graduation of students enrolled at the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC). The data in this thesis were taken from DLIFLC and only students from the four principal services with valid DLAB scores were considered for this study. Also, as DLI is concerned with students who do not make the grade academically, entries having administrative attritions were not considered. Four logistic regression models were analyzed for the purposes of this study: Graduation of students across all four categories of languages taught at DLIFLC, graduation of students in Category I languages, graduation of students in Category III languages and graduation of students in Category IV languages. The results of this study can assist DLIFLC in investing its resources in students with the best chances of success and assist the staff in identifying the weaker students from the onset of the course. / Major, Republic of Singapore Air Force

Unlike Canadian English which has two liquid consonant phonemes, /ɹ, l/ (as in right and light), Japanese is said to have a single liquid phoneme whose realization varies widely both among speakers and within the speech of individuals. Although variants of the /r/ sound in Japanese have been described as flaps, laterals, and weak plosives, research that has sought to quantitatively describe this phonetic variation has not yet been carried out. The aim of this thesis is to provide such quantification based on 1,535 instances of /r/ spoken by four individuals whose near-natural, unscripted conversations had been recorded as part of a larger corpus of unscripted Japanese maintained by Dr. Nick Campbell of Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Kyoto, Japan. Tokens of /r/ were extracted from 30-minute conversations between one pair of male speakers and one pair of female speakers. Each token was narrowly transcribed into the International Phonetic Alphabet, then categorized based on the author’s perception of: 1) the strength/narrowness of central oral articulatory stricture, and 2) the presence or absence of an auditory-perceptual lateral and/or rhotic sound quality. Transcription and category frequencies for each speaker averaged across all environments were then compared with frequencies in specific phonological environments to ascertain whether a particular environment was amenable to a ‘drift’ towards any particular category of variant, and whether patterns of ‘drift’ applied to all speakers or varied on an individual basis. Transcriptions of the 1,535 tokens of /r/ ranged widely among lateral and non-lateral flaps, raised (i.e. increased articulatory contact) non-lateral flaps akin to light voiced plosives (e.g. Hattori 1951, Kawakami 1977), as well as lateral approximants and rhotic approximants. While two of the four speakers, both males, patterned similarly by dividing their productions of /r/ chiefly among short lateral approximants and rhotic approximants, each speaker did vary considerably in their choice of variants in any given environment. Drift is considered in terms of physiological parameters which may be optionally exploited to maintain phonological salience.

This study examines the relationship between English in the environment and English language development in Japan. Although the English language enjoys a significant presence in the country, it has rarely been given consideration in previous research looking at second language development for Japanese learners. The study adopts Uric Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Systems Model to conceptualize the levels of the total learning environment in which the individual is immersed. The participants for this study were 99 Japanese university students attending Doshisha University in Kyoto. Participants were required to fill out a questionnaire and five students volunteered for interviews regarding the learners' perception of English in the surrounding environment. The findings from this study revealed little relationship between English in the environment and English language development for Japanese learners. In fact, the results indicate that a sharp divide between English taught in the classroom and English found outside of the classroom remains. Learner attitude was identified as the most significant factor influencing English language development.