191 |
Synthesis and Reactivity of Rare Earth Metals Complexes with a Nitrogen Donor Ligand. Compounds in Formal Low Oxidation States / Synthese un Reaktivität von Seltenerden Metallkomplexe mit einem Stickstoff-Donor Ligand. Verbindungen in den formalen niedrigen OxidationstufenNeculai, Ana-Mirela 08 May 2003 (has links)
No description available.
|
192 |
Nano-sondes hybrides luminescentes pour la détection du cancer de la prostate / Hybrid luminescent nanoparticles for the prostate cancer diagnosisAdumeau, Pierre 26 February 2014 (has links)
Ce travail de thèse a consisté en la conception et la réalisation d’une nano-sonde hybride luminescente visant à permettre la détection précoce du cancer de la prostate. La première partie de ce projet a été consacré à la synthèse, par une voie de chimie click, d’une bibliothèque d’acides 4-triazolyl dipicoliniques substitués en position 4 du triazole par une large gamme de substituants. Ces diacides ont permis d’obtenir les complexes d’europium(III) et de terbium(III) correspondant, qui ont montré d’excellentes propriétés optiques, avec des rendements quantiques de luminescence sous excitation UV pouvant atteindre 60% et 36%, pour les complexes d’europium(III) et deterbium(III) respectivement. D’autre-part, ces fluorophores ont pu être excités efficacement en régime biphotonique, à la fois au travers des transitions S0 ®S1 et S0 ®T1. Sur la base de ces résultats, certains de ces chélates ont été sélectionnés afin de les incorporer dans des nanoparticules de silice. Le procédé d’élaboration par microémulsion inverse s’est révélé efficace pour l’incorporation des complexes électriquement neutres, mais n’a pas permis celle de nanohybrides incorporant des complexes chargés négativement. Ces nanohybrides présentent des propriétés optiques caractéristiques des lanthanides, avec des rendements quantiques allant jusqu’à 30%. La surface de ces nano-objets a ensuite été fonctionnalisée par des groupements amino, qui ont permis le greffage de bras espaceur et d’un vecteur ciblant la PSMA, l’un des signaux du cancer de la prostate, nous donnant ainsi accès à un modèle de nano-sonde luminescente. Un autre volet de ce travail a été dédié à l’étude de nouveaux analogues du NAAG, substrat naturel de la PSMA. Bien que la synthèse des deux composés cibles, sélectionnés parmi une vingtaine de structures par modélisation moléculaire, n’ait pu aboutir, elle a été largement avancée. Enfin, la dernière partie de ce travail décrit les premiers résultats obtenus in vitro et in vivo avec les nanosondes. Ces études ont porté sur l’évaluation de la cytotoxicité des nanoparticules ainsi que sur leur biodistribution chez la souris saine et chez la souris porteuse d’une tumeur prostatique. Cette étude a révélé une élimination rapide des nanoparticules par l’organisme, mais n’a malheureusement pas pu mettre en évidence un marquage des zones tumorales par les nanosondes. / The aim of this project was the design of a luminescent nanoprobe allowing the early prostate cancer detection.The first part of this project was the synthesis, through a click chemistry approach, of a library of 4-triazolyl dipicolinic acid substituted in position 4 of the triazole by a wide range of substitutive groups. These diacids were used to synthesise the corresponding europium(III) and terbium(III) complexes, which showed excellent optical properties, with photoluminescence quantum yield under UV excitation reaching 60% for europium(III) complexes and 36% for terbium(III) complexes. Moreover, these phosphores have been efficiently excited in biphotonic regime through the transitions S0 ®S1 and S0 ®T1. The more interesting chelates were selected for their further embedding into silica nanoparticles. The water-in-oil emulsion process showed a great efficiency for the incorporation of electrically neutral complexes, but did not allow the embedding of negatively charged ones. The resulting nanohybrids showed optical properties typical of lanthanides, presenting photoluminescence quantum yields up to 30%. The nanoparticles surface was then functionalised by amino groups, which were used to graft a spacer then a prostate tumour cells vector, giving us a luminescent nanoprobe model. The third section of this work was devoted to the study of new analogues of NAAG, the natural substrate of the PSMA, one of the prostatic cancer signals. Although the synthesis of the two target compounds, selected from more than 20 structures by molecular modelling, was uncompleted, they are now within easy reach. The last part describes the preliminary results obtained in vitro and in vivo with the nanoprobes. These studies were focused on the nanoparticles cytotoxitcity assessment, depending on the surface functionalisation, and on their distribution, in healthy and in prostatic tumour bearing mice. This study revealed the fast elimination of the nanoparticles by the organism, but did not show any concentration of nanoprobes in tumoral area.
|
193 |
Synthetic and Theoretical Investigations of [3,3]-Sigmatropic Rearrangements and Development of Allylboration ReactionsRamadhar, Timothy Ramesar 19 December 2012 (has links)
A summary of research conducted since September 2007 at the University of Toronto in the laboratory of Professor Robert A. Batey is presented in this thesis, which is divided into four chapters. The first chapter contains a two-part introduction, where aryl- and aliphatic-Claisen rearrangements are discussed in part 1, and the nucleophilic addition of organoboron reagents to unsaturated C–N functionalities is described in part 2. Chapter 2 contains research involving synthetic and theoretical studies of aryl-Claisen rearrangements and other sigmatropic reactions. The work towards developing the lanthanide-catalyzed domino aryl-Claisen rearrangement for the synthesis of contiguous aryl–C(sp³) moieties is presented first. This is followed by computational studies involving E/Z-selectivity differences for the aryl-Claisen rearrangement, which was an issue noted for the domino aryl-Claisen reaction of a linear substrate. The mechanistic origins of E/Z-selectivity differences for the mono aryl-Claisen rearrangement, which was experimentally ambiguous for over 40 years, is resolved through computational methods. A theoretical analysis of selectivity differences for the allylic azide rearrangement is also described. The third section contains a discussion of Eu(fod)3-catalyzed aryl-Claisen rearrangements on vinyl bromide systems and preliminary studies involving application of the substrates in cross-coupling reactions, and other attempted mono- and domino sigmatropic rearrangements are presented in the fourth section. In chapter 3, the search for computational methods that can accurately predict experimental free energy of activation barriers for the aliphatic-Claisen rearrangement through benchmarking studies with a priori kinetic barrier and kinetic isotope effect data is described. Methods were found to predict new valid transition states and predict ΔG‡ values with a mean unsigned error of 0.3 kcal/mol relative to experimental values. In chapter 4, the development of new allylboration reaction is outlined, involving the double allylboration of nitriles and anhydrides, and initial studies towards the first aminoallylboration reactions of N-aluminoaldimines to form 1,2-diamines.
|
194 |
Traceurs fluorescents à base de lanthanides en milieu complexeBrichart, Thomas 07 July 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Les traceurs sont des espèces permettant de déterminer la position ou la distribution d'un produit et ceux-ci sont aujourd'hui présents dans de très nombreux domaines. Bien que chacune des applications possède un cahier des charges bien spécifique, il est possible de les retrouver dans des domaines aussi divers que la médecine (agents de contraste), l'anticontrefaçon ou encore l'exploration géologique. Nous avons ainsi développé des traceurs d'eau d'injection pétrolière composés de complexes de lanthanides. Ces traceurs, dérivés du DOTA, ont pu être détectés à des concentrations inférieures au ppb, grâce à un appareillage simple et compact. Cette détection fut rendue possible par l'utilisation de la fluorescence en temps résolu, qui permet de contourner le bruit de fond créé par la fluorescence intrinsèque des résidus pétroliers présents dans les eaux de production. Nous avons également montré comment il était possible, grâce à une synthèse en microémulsion, d'encapsuler différents luminophores au sein d'une nanoparticule composée d'un coeur d'or et d'une coquille de silice. Ainsi, ces nanoparticules ont pu être utilisées comme traceurs intelligents afin de recueillir des informations sur les propriétés physicochimiques au sein des puits comme la température, le pH, la proportion entre différents solvants, etc. Enfin nous avons pu montrer comment une utilisation judicieuse des lanthanides et des propriétés complexantes des inhibiteurs de dépôts minéraux pouvait permettre leur dosage grâce à une méthode à la fois simple et rapide. Ce dosage permettra alors d'ajuster leur concentration dans les différents puits de production de pétrole
|
195 |
Synthèse de sondes lanthanidiques luminescentes : applications au marquage covalent et à la détection de biomolécules.Maindron, Nicolas 19 October 2012 (has links) (PDF)
Les complexes de lanthanides, grâce à un temps de décroissance de luminescence élevé, sont parmi les sondes les plus sensibles puisqu'ils permettent une mesure de luminescence en temps résolu. Ces complexes sont à la base de certaines technologies permettant, in vitro et/ou in cellulo, la détection d'interactions entre biomolécules et/ou leur quantification et localisation. Elaborer des complexes de lanthanides présentant un maximum d'absorption au-delà de 350 nm reste un des défis majeurs alors qu'à ces rayonnements UV le matériel biologique se dégrade moins. Un chélate luminescent d'Eu(III) fondé sur une structure original bis-pyridinylpyrazine possédant un maximum d'absorption à 345 nm, stable jusqu'à 355 nm, a été synthétisé. Un analogue portant une fonction bioconjugable a permis, après activation par un réactif de couplage homo-bifonctionnel, de marquer des anticorps anti c-myc et anti HA. La deuxième partie du projet porte sur le développement de sondes lanthanidiques photoréactives capables de détecter spécifiquement, puis de s'accrocher de façon covalente à des protéines d'intérêt taguées (polyHis ou polyAsp), afin de suivre leur trafic cellulaire et leurs interactions avec d'autres biomolécules. Idéalement, l'étape de reconnaissance devrait avoir lieu entre l'étiquette et le cation métallique suivi par l'accrochage covalent initié par photoactivation. Ceci devrait conduire à une modulation du signal émis par le marqueur lanthanidique. Pour ce faire, différents complexes comportant des benzophénones, azido-coumarines ou quinolinones ont été synthétisés.
|
196 |
Traceurs fluorescents à base de lanthanides en milieu complexe / Lanthanide-based fluorescent tracers in complex mediaBrichart, Thomas 07 July 2014 (has links)
Les traceurs sont des espèces permettant de déterminer la position ou la distribution d'un produit et ceux-ci sont aujourd'hui présents dans de très nombreux domaines. Bien que chacune des applications possède un cahier des charges bien spécifique, il est possible de les retrouver dans des domaines aussi divers que la médecine (agents de contraste), l'anticontrefaçon ou encore l'exploration géologique. Nous avons ainsi développé des traceurs d'eau d'injection pétrolière composés de complexes de lanthanides. Ces traceurs, dérivés du DOTA, ont pu être détectés à des concentrations inférieures au ppb, grâce à un appareillage simple et compact. Cette détection fut rendue possible par l'utilisation de la fluorescence en temps résolu, qui permet de contourner le bruit de fond créé par la fluorescence intrinsèque des résidus pétroliers présents dans les eaux de production. Nous avons également montré comment il était possible, grâce à une synthèse en microémulsion, d'encapsuler différents luminophores au sein d'une nanoparticule composée d'un coeur d'or et d'une coquille de silice. Ainsi, ces nanoparticules ont pu être utilisées comme traceurs intelligents afin de recueillir des informations sur les propriétés physicochimiques au sein des puits comme la température, le pH, la proportion entre différents solvants, etc. Enfin nous avons pu montrer comment une utilisation judicieuse des lanthanides et des propriétés complexantes des inhibiteurs de dépôts minéraux pouvait permettre leur dosage grâce à une méthode à la fois simple et rapide. Ce dosage permettra alors d'ajuster leur concentration dans les différents puits de production de pétrole / Tracers are objects allowing the determination of the position or the distribution of a product; tracers are currently used in a great variety of domains. Despite the fact that each field has it's own specifications, it is possible to find tracers in medicine (contrast agents), anti-counterfeiting or geological exploration. We have developed lanthanide complex tracers for oil field injection waters. Those tracers, derived from the DOTA, have been detected at concentration lower than 1 ppb, thanks to a simple and compact apparatus. This detection has been made possible by the use of time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy, this technique allows us to get rid of the background noise created by the intrinsic fluorescence of oil residues that are present in production waters. We also demonstrated how we can, through a reverse microemulsion synthesis, encapsulate several different dyes inside a single nanoparticle composed of a gold core and a silica shell. We showed as well, how those particles can be used as smart tracers to gather data, such as temperature, pH, solvents, etc. inside the well. Finally the use of lanthanides and scale inhibitors properties allowed us to create a simple and fast dosing protocol of such scale inhibitors in injection waters. This dosage will then allow the quick adjustment of their concentration inside each well
|
197 |
Compostos de adição entre hexafluorofosfatos de ítrio e lantanídeos (III) e a N,N - Dimetilacetamida (DNA) / N,N-Dimethylacetamide adducts of lanthanide hexafluorphosphatesCarvalho, Lilian Rothschild Franco de 28 February 1977 (has links)
No presente trabalho descrevemos a preparação dos compostos de adição entre hexafluorofosfatos dos lantanídeos e a DMA. Foram obtidos os compostos de toda a série lantanídica, e através de análises elementares foi possível estabelecer que os mesmos apresentam as fórmulas gerais: Ln(PF6)3.7DMA (Ln= La-Ho) e Ln(PF=La-Ho) e Ln(PF6)3 .6DMA (Ln= Er-Lu, Y). Os produtos são cristalinos, não apresentam higroscopicidade e fundem numa faixa de temperatura entre 115 e 125°C; são solúveis em água, nitrometano, acetonitrila, metanol, nitrobenzeno e acetona. Além da análise química elementar, os compostos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de absorção na região do infra-vermelho, medidas de condutância molar em nitrometano e acetonitrila, medidas de condutância equivalente de alguns compostos representativos, registros de difratogramas de raios-X (método do pó). Foram obtidos espectros na região do visível dos compostos de praseodímio, neodímio, hôlmio e érbio. Os espectros de absorção na região do infra-vermelho mostraram que a coordenação do ligante se dá através do oxigênio do grupo carbonila e que o ânion PF6- não deve estar coordenado ao íon lantanídeo tripositivo, mantendo sua simetria octaédrica. Os valores obtidos para as medidas de condutância molar evidenciaram que os compostos comportam-se como eletrólitos 1:3 em acetonitrila e nitrometano. As medidas de condutância equivalente de alguns compostos em várias concentrações em acetonitrila, confirmaram a existência deste tipo de eletrólito e indicaram um comportamento de eletrólito fraco neste solvente, sugerindo a existência de pares iônicos, em solugões concentradas. Os difratogramas de raios-X obtidos pelo método do pó, permitiram verificar a existência de três séries isomorfas distintas: a primeira constituída apenas do composto de lantânio, a segunda formada pelos compostos Ln(PF6)3.7DMA e a última com preendendo os compostos de composição Ln(PF6)3.6DMA. Os espectros de absorção eletrônica em acetonitrila e DMA são muito semelhantes, sugerindo que a simetria em torno do íon central é a mesma nesses solventes e diferentes da dos correspondentes hexafluorofosfatos dos lantanídeos em solução aquosa. Os espectros de soluções dos compostos de praseodímio, neodimio, hôlmio e érbio em acetonitrila, em diferentes concentrações não são substancialmente modificados, apresentando absortividades molares praticamente iguais para as diversas bandas observadas na região do visível, mesmo em soluções concentradas, indicando que quando há formação de pares iônicos, a proximidade do ânion não modifica o arranjo ao redor do cátion complexo, volumoso, contendo sete ou seis moléculas de DMA. / The preparation and characterization of adducts between lanthanide hexafluorophosphates and DMA are described. According to elemental analysis the compounds present two general compositions: Ln(PF6)3.7DMA (Ln= La-Ho) and Ln(PF6)3.6DMA (Ln= Er-Lu, Y). The compounds are crystalline, not hygroscopic and melt between 115-125°C. They are soluble in water, nitromethane, acetonitrile, methanol, nitrobenzene and acetone. The adducts were characterized by infrared spectra, molar conductance measurements in nitromethane and acetonitrile, equivalent conductance and X-ray powder patterns. The electronic spectra of the compounds of praseodimium, neodymium, holmium and erbium were also obtained in different conditions. According to infrared spectra, the ligand is coordinated to the lanthanides through the carbonyl oxygen and the PF6- ions are not coordinated, maintaining its octahedral symmetry. Conductance data of millimolar solutions in nitromethane and acetonitrile indicate a behaviour of 1:3 electrolytes. Equivalent conductances of some compounds in acetonitrile showed a behaviour of weak electrolytes, suggesting the existence of ion pairs in concentrated solutions. According to X-ray data three types of patterns were observed, corresponding to: a) the compound of lanthanum; b) compounds from cerium to holmium; c) compounds from erbium to lutetium and yttrium. The electronic spectra of the compounds in acetonitrile and in DMA are practically identical, suggesting that the environment around the lanthanide ion is maintained in these solvents, but are different of the corresponding lanthanide hexafluorophosphates in aqueous solution. The spectra of solutions of the compounds of praseodymium, neodymium, holmium and erbium at different concentrations in acetonitrile are not considerably modified presenting about the same molar absorptivities. This fact may be explained in terms that vicinity of the anion does not modify the environment around the bulky, tripositive lanthanide cation complex.
|
198 |
Compostos de adição entre hexafluorofosfatos de ítrio e lantanídeos (III) e a N,N - Dimetilacetamida (DNA) / N,N-Dimethylacetamide adducts of lanthanide hexafluorphosphatesLilian Rothschild Franco de Carvalho 28 February 1977 (has links)
No presente trabalho descrevemos a preparação dos compostos de adição entre hexafluorofosfatos dos lantanídeos e a DMA. Foram obtidos os compostos de toda a série lantanídica, e através de análises elementares foi possível estabelecer que os mesmos apresentam as fórmulas gerais: Ln(PF6)3.7DMA (Ln= La-Ho) e Ln(PF=La-Ho) e Ln(PF6)3 .6DMA (Ln= Er-Lu, Y). Os produtos são cristalinos, não apresentam higroscopicidade e fundem numa faixa de temperatura entre 115 e 125°C; são solúveis em água, nitrometano, acetonitrila, metanol, nitrobenzeno e acetona. Além da análise química elementar, os compostos foram caracterizados por espectroscopia de absorção na região do infra-vermelho, medidas de condutância molar em nitrometano e acetonitrila, medidas de condutância equivalente de alguns compostos representativos, registros de difratogramas de raios-X (método do pó). Foram obtidos espectros na região do visível dos compostos de praseodímio, neodímio, hôlmio e érbio. Os espectros de absorção na região do infra-vermelho mostraram que a coordenação do ligante se dá através do oxigênio do grupo carbonila e que o ânion PF6- não deve estar coordenado ao íon lantanídeo tripositivo, mantendo sua simetria octaédrica. Os valores obtidos para as medidas de condutância molar evidenciaram que os compostos comportam-se como eletrólitos 1:3 em acetonitrila e nitrometano. As medidas de condutância equivalente de alguns compostos em várias concentrações em acetonitrila, confirmaram a existência deste tipo de eletrólito e indicaram um comportamento de eletrólito fraco neste solvente, sugerindo a existência de pares iônicos, em solugões concentradas. Os difratogramas de raios-X obtidos pelo método do pó, permitiram verificar a existência de três séries isomorfas distintas: a primeira constituída apenas do composto de lantânio, a segunda formada pelos compostos Ln(PF6)3.7DMA e a última com preendendo os compostos de composição Ln(PF6)3.6DMA. Os espectros de absorção eletrônica em acetonitrila e DMA são muito semelhantes, sugerindo que a simetria em torno do íon central é a mesma nesses solventes e diferentes da dos correspondentes hexafluorofosfatos dos lantanídeos em solução aquosa. Os espectros de soluções dos compostos de praseodímio, neodimio, hôlmio e érbio em acetonitrila, em diferentes concentrações não são substancialmente modificados, apresentando absortividades molares praticamente iguais para as diversas bandas observadas na região do visível, mesmo em soluções concentradas, indicando que quando há formação de pares iônicos, a proximidade do ânion não modifica o arranjo ao redor do cátion complexo, volumoso, contendo sete ou seis moléculas de DMA. / The preparation and characterization of adducts between lanthanide hexafluorophosphates and DMA are described. According to elemental analysis the compounds present two general compositions: Ln(PF6)3.7DMA (Ln= La-Ho) and Ln(PF6)3.6DMA (Ln= Er-Lu, Y). The compounds are crystalline, not hygroscopic and melt between 115-125°C. They are soluble in water, nitromethane, acetonitrile, methanol, nitrobenzene and acetone. The adducts were characterized by infrared spectra, molar conductance measurements in nitromethane and acetonitrile, equivalent conductance and X-ray powder patterns. The electronic spectra of the compounds of praseodimium, neodymium, holmium and erbium were also obtained in different conditions. According to infrared spectra, the ligand is coordinated to the lanthanides through the carbonyl oxygen and the PF6- ions are not coordinated, maintaining its octahedral symmetry. Conductance data of millimolar solutions in nitromethane and acetonitrile indicate a behaviour of 1:3 electrolytes. Equivalent conductances of some compounds in acetonitrile showed a behaviour of weak electrolytes, suggesting the existence of ion pairs in concentrated solutions. According to X-ray data three types of patterns were observed, corresponding to: a) the compound of lanthanum; b) compounds from cerium to holmium; c) compounds from erbium to lutetium and yttrium. The electronic spectra of the compounds in acetonitrile and in DMA are practically identical, suggesting that the environment around the lanthanide ion is maintained in these solvents, but are different of the corresponding lanthanide hexafluorophosphates in aqueous solution. The spectra of solutions of the compounds of praseodymium, neodymium, holmium and erbium at different concentrations in acetonitrile are not considerably modified presenting about the same molar absorptivities. This fact may be explained in terms that vicinity of the anion does not modify the environment around the bulky, tripositive lanthanide cation complex.
|
199 |
Nanodispersion et développement de traceurs fluorescents / Nanodispersion and fluorescent tracers developmentOuld Metidji, Mahmoud 21 October 2016 (has links)
L'étude de la dispersion de matériaux inorganiques dans des médias organiques et aqueux est un facteur déterminant pour leur mise en œuvre industrielle. Ces matériaux trouvent leur application dans de nombreux domaines allant de l'industrie pétrolière à celle du polissage. Nous nous sommes intéressés à la stabilité de ces matériaux dans des médias tels que : (i) les solvants aqueux utilisés pour la formulation de suspensions abrasives, (ii) les eaux d'exploitations pétrolières et (iii) le pétrole brut et ses dérivés. Ceci dans le but d'améliorer les propriétés de luminescence de ces matériaux pour l'industrie pétrolière et les propriétés abrasives pour l'industrie du polissageNous avons ainsi développé des formulations stables de complexes de lanthanides (Ln) dérivés du DOTA et de nanoparticules (NPs) de sulfure de zinc dopées au manganèse, dans le but de tracer les eaux d'injections pétrolières. Ces matériaux ont été détecté par fluorescence en temps-résolu (TRF) et ce afin de contourner les problématiques liées à l'auto-fluorescence des produits pétroliers présents dans les eaux d'exploitation. Nous avons également étudié la dispersion de composés spécifiques dans des carburants, dans le but de proposer des nouveaux marqueurs anticontrefaçon pour le pétrole brut et ses dérivés. Enfin, nous avons cherché à améliorer la dispersion de nanoparticules de diamant dans des médias aqueux et ce afin d'optimiser l'efficacité des suspensions abrasives à base diamantées, utilisées pour le polissage du saphir plan a / The dispersion of inorganic materials in organic and aqueous media is a decisive factor for their industrial implementation. These materials are used in many areas from the oil industry to polishing. Herein, we focus on studying the stability of these materials in different media such as: (i) the aqueous solvents used for the formulation of abrasive slurries, (ii) the waters of oil operations and (iii) crude oil and its derivatives. Our objective is to improve the luminescence properties of these materials for the oil industry and the abrasive properties for polishing applications.We have developed stable formulations of lanthanide complexes (Ln) derived from DOTA and nanoparticles (NPs) of zinc sulfide doped with manganese for water-management in oil fields. These materials were characterized by time-resolved fluorescence (TRF) to solve the problems associated with the auto-fluorescence of petroleum products in the operating water.Furthermore, we studied the dispersion of specific compounds in different fuels in order to develop new anti-counterfeiting markers for crude oil and its derivatives. Finally, we tried to improve the dispersion of diamond nanoparticles in aqueous media in order to enhance the efficiency of diamond abrasive suspensions based for polishing sapphire a-plan
|
200 |
Diverse lanthanoid and lithium complexes with pendant donor amide ligandsScott, Natalie M(Natalie Maree),1976- January 2001 (has links)
Abstract not available
|
Page generated in 0.0553 seconds