The focus of the thesis is on the last supper and how that event is depicted on icons within the Eastern Orthodox Church. Two different methods have been used to study the motive: archive studies and literature studies. The motive in itself is studied from a religious perspective as well as from a gastronomical perspective. The composition of Jesus and his disciples and how they are placed around the table, which ones that have halos are studied from the religious perspective and the different kind of food elements and utensils for a meal are studied from the gastronomical perspective. The theoretical perspective combines parts of Eliade's theory of the religious man and Söderlind's theory of the gastronomical man. During the study of the icons it became clear that the food items and utensils that are depicted are markers of identity.

Ingeniero Civil / En los proyectos fast-track de la industria chilena es cada vez más habitual comenzar proyectos sin el diseño completo, esto ocasiona una situación de trabajo con gran incertidumbre y los métodos y herramientas para comunicar y coordinar deben ser e cientes y e caces. Durante la participación de un proyecto fast-track de ampliación de un edi cio de retail, se observa que el método convencional de control de avance físico no es su ciente para comunicar la información valiosa para la toma de decisiones del mandante, además se observa que las restricciones en que el mandante tiene in uencia no son captadas ni analizadas de forma correcta, lo que ocasiona que no sean gestionadas a tiempo, y los proyectos en general presenten atraso en su fecha de término. En esta investigación se propone una forma de uso de modelos 3D y 4D con elementos de last planner que mejora el entendimiento del avance físico de la obra y, que a su vez, permite visualizar tres tipos de restricciones asociadas al mandante para que puedan ser gestionadas de forma oportuna. Para lograrlo, se participa de un proyecto de fast-track de ampliación de un edi cio de retail, en donde se observa el modo actual de trabajo y se plantea una propuesta de uso de modelos 3D y 4D que ayude a mejorar el actual sistema. Esta propuesta se modi ca continuamente con las observaciones de profesionales que trabajan en el proyecto y por juicio experto, hasta conseguir un producto que es puesto a prueba en una validación cualitativa utilizando una experiencia de laboratorio realizada a participantes del proyecto, profesionales de la empresa mandante y a estudiantes avanzados de Ingeniería Civil de la Universidad de Chile, que mide el porcentaje de entendimiento de los participantes de la información de interés del mandante sobre el control de avance físico y la gestión de restricciones, y recopila la valoración de los participantes de los item utilizados en la propuesta. La experiencia arroja que la propuesta que resulta de esta investigación, cumple con el objetivo de mejorar el entendimiento de la información para el control de avance físico y para la gestión de restricciones, y que la información considerada tiene un carácter importante tanto para profesionales de obra como para el mandante.

Sea level regression during the Last Glacial Maximum exposed the Bering Land Bridge, and cut off the connection between the North Pacific and Arctic Ocean, ending the exchange of North Pacific Water through the Bering Strait. Exchange of North Pacific Water comprises a major portion of fresh water input to the Arctic Ocean, and is of vital importance to North Atlantic Deep Water formation, a vital component of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Bering Strait throughflow thus plays an integral role in global climate stability. A suite of four cores was selected, three in the Bering Sea and one in the Chukchi Sea, to bracket the Bering Strait in order to elucidate changes in sediment delivery, productivity and regional oceanography as the Bering Land Bridge flooded and modern ocean circulation was established during the last deglaciation. The arrival of nutrient rich North Pacific Water in the Chukchi Sea is recorded around 8 ka by organic carbon isotope depletion and an increase in total organic carbon and organic nitrogen, reflecting an increasingly marine isotopic signal and increased productivity. In the Bering Sea, the early deglaciation is marked by depleted organic carbon isotopes that indicate increasing terrestrial input, and increased total organic carbon. Principal component analysis of sedimentologic, geochemical and isotopic data clearly captures discrete sediment populations that correspond to key climatic intervals, representing changes in sediment delivery, productivity and circulation during the last deglaciation. In the Bering Sea we observe that deglaciation began in earnest around 18–17 ka, but lack of confidence in our age control does not allow for a precise date. Our results suggest that modern circulation through the Bering Strait, and thus for the Bering and Chukchi Seas, was established ~8 ka. Prior to 8 ka there is an interval of sediment that appears record a possible reversal of flow through the Bering Strait corresponding to the 8.2 ka event.

Legal and economic aspects of the institute of the lender of last resort Abstract The master thesis deals with the legal and economic aspects of the institute of the lender of last resort, as a key institute that helps ensure the stability of financial markets. The thesis is divided into four parts. The first part is focused on the economic aspects of this institute, especially deals with the general definition of the term lender of last resort and its historical genesis, as well as the principles and forms of assistance of the lender of last resort. The key knowledge of this part is the Thornton-Bagehot doctrine of the lender of last resort. The second part of the thesis deals with the legal regulation of the lender of last resort in the Czech Republic. The third part is aimed at relevant European legislation and provides a summary of the relevant case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union, namely the cases Pringle, Gauweiler and Weiss. The fourth and final part of the thesis outlines the legal framework of this institute in the USA. The second to fourth part of the thesis also analyzes the behavior of 3 central banks (CNB, ECB and FED) in fulfilling the role of lender of last resort during the global financial crisis of 2008, the European debt crisis and the current coronavirus crisis,...

La plupart des recherches menées en France sur la science-fiction (SF) portent sur son évolution historique ou sur ses thématiques (Baudin 1971, Gattégno 1992, Grenier 1994, Goimard 1974, 1984, 2002, etc.).À notre connaissance, il n’existe pas d’étude pragmatique sur le rapport entre les formes linguistiques en récit de SF et leur signification. La plupart des études consacrées aux analyses textuelles (par exemple Angenot 1978) adoptent en effet une approche classique pour analyser le vocabulaire du genre sans tenir compte de son contexte. Or, afin de développer une meilleure compréhension de l’univers imaginaire de l’auteur et de son idéologie l’orientant vers des sujets « sérieux » sur le rapport de l’homme au monde, une approche pragmatique se révèle nécessaire. Cette étude se donne pour mission de combler cette lacune dans le domaine des recherches sur la SF, en proposant une lecture pragmatique du Monde enfin (2006) de J.-P. Andrevon, recueil de nouvelles sur la fin progressive du monde humain. Par ce travail, nous entendons concrètement étudier les intentions potentielles qu’héberge l’usage de certains marqueurs linguistiques (par exemple les implicatures, l’humour, les formes d’hétérogénéité énonciative), pour avancer des arguments sur des sujets écologiques. Les résultats préliminaires montrent que, d’un point de vue pragmatique et contrairement aux clichés sur le genre, le discours science-fictionnel s’avère être un des plus proches de notre réalité. Parmi les résultats, nous avons pu voir qu’associer des thèmes imaginaires et un langage ancré dans le réel contribuait à l’originalité et à la modernité du genre. / The majority of French research on science fiction (SF) examined its historical background, evolution, or the portrayal of various themes in SF texts (see e.g., Baudin 1971, Gattégno 1992, Grenier 1994, Goimard 1974, 1984, 2002, etc.).However, to our knowledge, no study has taken a pragmatic approach towards examining the relationship between the linguistic forms used in SF literature and their intended meaning. Most of the studies that examined text processing (see e.g., Angenot, 1978), took a traditional approach to analyze SF words in isolation from their contexts. Hence, a pragmatic analysis is needed that can lend a better understanding of the author’s ideology and his imaginary world that depicts the “serious” part of SF literature, concerning man and society. The present study seeks to address this gap in literature by analyzing a celebrated piece of SF i.e., The World At Last by Jean-Pierre Andrevon (2006) taking a pragmatic stylistic approach, based on the principles of discourse analysis. It concretely examines the potential intentions behind the use of specific linguistic means (e.g., implicatures, humor, enunciative heterogeneity) that present arguments concerning ecological issues. The preliminary results show that from a pragmatic looking glass, contrary to the cliché notions, SF discourse emerges as closer to our reality. It calls into question our present to foresee the dangers in our future, a finding which is difficult to access without taking context into account. A further finding shows that associating imaginary themes and language solidly anchored in real world contributes to the originality and to the modernity of the genre.

The Institution of the Eucharist in context of the miraculous feeding narratives The Diploma thesis "The Institution of the Eucharist according to Mark in context of the miraculous feeding narratives" studies lexical, intertextual and biblical-theological relations between the Marcan account on the institution of the Eucharist (Mark 14:22- 25) and two miraculous feedings (Mark 6:35-44, 8:1-10) during Jesus' public ministry. The study exposes that in context of the Gospel of Mark all three indicated pericopes are in a key position and significance in Jesus' mission a reveal an essential aspect of the revelation and of the coming of the Kingdom of God. Beside applying the method of continuous commentary of the mentioned texts the work applies a study of parallel synoptic pericopes, referential texts in the Old Testament and an analysis of biblical- theological themes in canonical relation. A special attention is given to different aspects of the Jewish celebration of the Pesach meal and its relations to the Christian Eucharist, which has its origin in Jesus' Last Supper and finds an echo in both Marcan narratives on miraculous feeding of great amount of people as well. 81

El presente estudio versa sobre la ejecución proyectos eléctricos en baja tensión, los cuales son ejecutados por una empresa de servicios cuyas operaciones se realizan en Lima. El capítulo 1 presenta la literatura asociada a la solución del problema, en donde se desarrolla el marco teórico de las metodologías propuestas. El capítulo 2 muestra el uso de las herramientas de la ingeniería industrial a efectos de identificar el problema: “retrasos en la ejecución de proyectos de baja tensión con reforma”. Esta problemática genera una pérdida anual de 381 miles de soles y un déficit de capital de trabajo de 11,500 miles de soles correspondiente al año 2017. El capítulo 3 plantea la solución de la problemática expuesta, para lo cual se definen dos etapas. La primera permite la eliminación del backlog acumulado hasta el mes de setiembre de 2018. La segunda se refiere al desarrollo de las metodologías: Last Planner System, Vehicle Routing Problem y Workforce Management. En el capítulo 4 se realiza la validación de las propuestas de las mejoras planteadas. En la primera etapa se contrataron 210 personas para eliminar el backlog y se validó una utilidad de 104 miles de soles. Para la segunda etapa, se implementó el proyecto cuadrillas propias y se utilizaron las metodologías Last Planner System y Vehicle Routing Problem.. Finalmente, se integró ambas metodologías con la incorporación de tecnología del tipo Workforce Management. Los resultados muestran una TIR del 20% y un VAN de 229 miles de soles. / The present research is about the implementation of low voltage electrical projects, which are performed by an utility company whose area of operations is the city of Lima. Chapter 1 describes the literature associated with the solution of the problem, where the theoretical framework of the above mentioned methodologies is developed. Chapter 2 describes the results obtained through the utilization of industrial engineering tools, with which the problem is identified as: "delays in the implementation of low voltage projects with reform". This problem generates an annual loss of 381 thousand soles and a working capital deficit of 11,500 thousand soles corresponding to year 2017. Chapter 3 proposes the solution of the exposed problem, for which two stages are defined. The first one allows the elimination of the accumulated backlog until September 2018. The second one refers to the development of the methodologies: Last Planner System, Vehicle Routing Problem and Workforce Management. Chapter 4 validates the proposed improvements. In the first stage, 210 people were hired to eliminate the backlog and as a result there was a profit of 104 thousand soles for the period within July and September. For the second stage, the project of own crews was implemented and there were used Last Planner System and the Vehicle Routing Problem as methodologies in order to optimize the route of the crews. Finally, both methodologies were integrated with the incorporation of the Workforce Management technology. The results show an IRR of 20% and a NPV of 229 thousand soles. / Trabajo de Suficiencia Profesional

Orientador: Rúbia Barcelos Amaral-Schio / Resumo: O principal objetivo deste trabalho é investigar as funções que a Geometria desempenha em campos não-geométricos em livros didáticos dos Anos Finais do Ensino Fundamental, aprovados pelo Programa Nacional do Livro Didático 2017. A partir dele foram delineados dois objetivos específicos, a saber: analisar como os conteúdos de Geometria estão estruturados (introdução, abordagem e desenvolvimento) em capítulos não-geométricos; mapear, em capítulos não-geométricos, as tarefas que fazem uso da Geometria em seus enunciados. A base teórica que fundamentou esta pesquisa foram os estudos de Flores (2003, 2010, 2013) acerca da cultura visual, entendida como as concepções inerentes à cultura de uma sociedade, manifestas em sua forma visual. Dentro da cultura visual, foi assumido o termo visualidade, definido como os discursos que informam sobre o modo como nós vemos. Pautada numa abordagem qualitativa, foram analisadas, nesta dissertação, três coleções de livros didáticos, totalizando 12 obras. Todo o conteúdo de Geometria que permeava os capítulos de Álgebra, Aritmética, Probabilidade e Estatística foi classificado de acordo com as funções que exerce, a saber: função ilustrativa, formativa, explicativa, demonstrativa, representativa e imagem mental. Resultados reforçam o caráter histórico e cultural da Geometria ao pontuar o uso de figuras geométricas como parte do discurso visual da sala de aula. Em alguns conteúdos de Álgebra e Aritmética, a Geometria se estabeleceu como prática visu... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The main goal of this paper is to investigate the functions Geometry performs in non-geometric fields in textbooks of the last years of Elementary School, approved by the National Textbook Program 2017. From it, two specific objectives were outlined: to analyze how geometry contents are structured (introduction, approach and development) in non-geometric chapters; to map, in non-geometric chapters, the tasks that make use of geometry in their tasks. The theoretical basis that underpinted this research was Flores' studies (2003, 2010, 2013) about visual culture, understood as the conceptions inherent to the culture of a society, manifested in its visual form. Within the visual culture, the term visuality was assumed, defined as the discourses that inform us about the way we see. Based on a qualitative approach, three collections of textbooks were analyzed in this research, totaling 12 books. All the content of Geometry that permeated the chapters of Algebra, Arithmetic, Probability and Statistics was classified according to the functions it performs, namely: illustrative, formative, explanatory, demonstrative, representative and mental image function. Results reinforce the historical and cultural character of Geometry by highlighting the use of geometric figures as part of the visual discourse of the classroom. In some contents of Algebra and Arithmetic, Geometry has established itself as a visual practice that composes the ways students of basic education look at it. Therefor... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

El presente trabajo propone la aplicación de lineamientos y herramientas de la filosofía Lean Construction para lograr una adecuada planificación, ejecución y control de proyectos de construcción de edificaciones multifamiliares con el objetivo de minimizar y prevenir los diversos problemas en obra, que no sólo repercuten en costo, tiempo y calidad sino también en la imagen de la empresa. A través de estas herramientas se busca lograr disminuir los retrabajos, el incumplimiento de calidad, mejorar la rentabilidad del proyecto y disminuir la cantidad de observaciones de post venta para lograr la satisfacción de los clientes del caso de estudio Precursores. Finalmente se espera que con el presente trabajo se logre tener un mejor enfoque de gestión de proyectos multifamiliares y que sirva como punto de partida para que empresas constructoras y profesionales logren sus objetivos superando la expectativa de sus clientes / Abstract: This research work proposes the application of guidelines and tools of Lean Construction philosophy to achieve adequate planning, building and control of multi-family building projects with the objective of minimizing and preventing various problems at work, which only affect in cost, time and quality but also in the image of the company. Through these tools, we expect to reduce reworks, non-compliance quality, improve the profitability of the project and reduce the number of post-sale observations to achieve customer satisfaction in Precursores case study. Finally, it is expected that in this work a better approach to multi-family project management will be achieved and it will serve as a starting point for building companies and professionals to achieve their objectives and surpassing the expectations of their clients. / Tesis

Background: E-commerce has experienced tremendous growth in the past few years. At the same time, the Covid-19 pandemic has swept across the world. As a result, many people became enforced to stay more at home because of restrictions and lockdowns, resulting in an even larger increase for the e-commerce industry, and some changes in consumer behavior. In relation to this, the last-mile delivery industry has seen demand shock as a result of the increased volumes within e-commerce. Purpose: The purpose of this paper aims to answer two research questions: How have Swedish e-consumer behaviors and preferences towards delivery services changed due to the Covid-19 pandemic? And how will Swedish e-consumer behaviors and preferences towards delivery services change after the Covid-19 pandemic? Method: With the research questions in mind, an exploratory inductive study was developed using qualitative and quantitative data. As a result, an interview and a survey were developed. The interview provided first-handed insights from the industry to better give an understanding of the challenges of the pandemic and the effect on consumer preferences. The survey on the other hand investigated consumer preferences regarding five different LMD service offerings: home delivery iiwithout signature, home delivery with signature, delivery to service points, delivery to parcel lockers, and pick-up at web shop's physical store. Another aspect of the survey is that the consumer preference is explored before, during, and after the pandemic.  Conclusion: The findings of this study conclude that Covid-19 has significantly impacted peoples' preferences regarding last-mile delivery preferences. As a general conclusion, consumers prefer delivery methods which reduce human contact as well as travel distance. The findings of this study will provide the industry with meaningful insights as well as contributing to the existing knowledge of last-mile delivery.