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The shift from Modernism to Postmodernism had a dramatic impact on different spheres of life, especially on premarital relationships. The Song of songs has been used as basis theory in this study on premarital relationships. The study attempts to lay down guidelines for premarital relationships from the conviction that human relationships are grounded in God's love for man. The perspectives which have became evident are developed and evaluated through the meta-theory. Any study on young people in relationships must consider changes in society due to the fact that young people perform an important seismographic function. This is due to the fact that they are not only deeply affected by these changes but are also acting as indicators for the demands and challenges that changing times has on people and relationships. The lifecycle from late adolescence to early adulthood is studied. Special focus is given to different areas of development in this lifecycle as well as to different relationships young people are involved with. Qualitative interviews have been used to determine the effect of the Postmodernism and the specific lifecycle on young people in premarital relationships. A practice-orientated theoretical framework for pastoral guidance of young people in premarital relationships is drafted. / Thesis (Ph.D. (Pastoral))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

Event-related potentials were recorded as subjects were presented with pairs of words, one word at a time, to examine the electrocortical manifestations of association formation and the effect of intra-list semantic similarity. Two types of lists were presented: Same – all pairs belonged to the same semantic category; Different – all pairs belonged to a different semantic category. Subjects were told to memorize the pairs for a following paired associate recall test. Recall was better for the Different than Same lists. Subsequent recall was predicted by the amplitudes of a potential lasting throughout the epoch and the P555 to each word of a pair (likely reflecting state- and item-related encoding activity, respectively), as well as a late positive wave that occurred after the offset of the second word, which is thought to reflect association formation. A larger N425 was elicited by pairs in the Different than Same lists, likely reflecting semantic integration.

This dissertation argues that a number of works of Canadian fiction usually designated as modernist fit more properly into the category of “late modernism”: a category that has only recently begun to emerge as a bridge between post-war modernism and emergent postmodernism. These works are aligned by their use of abstract, absurdist, or surrealist narrative structures and consequently by their refusal to adhere to conventional strictures of social realism. Because of this refusal, literary critics have identified the late-modernist emphasis on narrative form as necessarily ahistorical or apolitical. Conversely, I argue, these works are socially and politically engaged with the historical contexts and material conditions of their inception, composition, and consequent reception. I argue herein that the works of Sheila Watson, Elizabeth Smart, Malcolm Lowry, and John Glassco tend towards non-representational narrative forms, and in doing so, they engage in modes of cultural critique. These critiques are focused by a negotiation of what has been multiply identified as a “contradiction” in modernist art: while on the one hand the texts break with traditional forms of social-realist narrative out of a need to find new forms of expression in an effort to rebel against conservative, bourgeois sensibilities, on the other hand they are always produced from within the self-same socio-political economy that they critique. Whether this position is identified as a “modernist double bind” (following Willmott) or a “central paradox” of modernism (following Eysteinsson), I have argued that each author negotiates these internal contradictions through the integration of autobiographical material into their writing. In reading these works as part of a unified late-modernist narrative tradition, this dissertation aims to destabilize critical and popular understandings of mid-century Canadian prose and argue for an alternate reading of artistic interpretation of the twentieth-century Canadian condition. Such a reading challenges current canon formation because it destabilizes traditional critical accounts of these texts as instances of eccentric expression or singular moments of genius. Instead, we are asked to consider seriously the tendency for play with subjectivity and autobiographical material as an interpretive strategy to express the mid-century, post-war condition.

Most widely used applications of quantitative past vegetation reconstruction are based on pollen-vegetation relationship functions. To carry out detail vegetation reconstruction using this method, large amount of geographic data pre-processing is necessary. For this reason, large scale vegetation reconstructions are extremely rare. In this study data processing is carried out using automated GIS tools. Application of GIS enabled precise and detail reconstruction of the Late Glacial and Holocene forest vegetation composition, as well as the development of vegetation in Lithuania. New pollen investigations from cores and outcrops, created Lithuanian pollen database, evaluation of pollen-vegetation relationship functions in the environment of Lithuania and reconstruction of main tree species composition in the Late Glacial and Holocene, according to pollen database and selected pollen-vegetation relationship function are presented in this study. The created palaeovegetation maps enbled considerable detalization of knowledge about past vegetation in Lithuania. Consequently, main vegetation migration and distribution patterns were defined. / Plačiausiai naudojami kiekybinio praeities augalijos taksonominės sudėties atkūrimo pagal žiedadukių duomenis metodai remiasi žiedadulkių-augalijos priklausomybės funkcijomis. Norint atlikti detalų augalijos sudėties atkūrimą šiuo metodu, reikalingos itin didelės apimties geografinių duomenų apdorojimo procedūros, todėl stambiu masteliu augalijos sudėtis atkūriama itin retai. Šiame darbe duomenų apdorojimas atliekamas automatizuotomis GIS priemonėmis. GIS panaudojimas leido tiksliai ir detaliai atkurti Lietuvos vėlyvojo ledynmečio ir holoceno miško augalijos taksonominę sudėtį bei augalijos vystymosi raidą. Disertaciniame darbe pristatomi nauji gręžinių ir atodangų nuosėdų žiedadulkių tyrimai, sudaryta Lietuvos žiedadulkių duomenų bazė, atliktas įvairių žiedadulkių-augalijos priklausomybės funkcijų įvertinimas Lietuvos sąlygose, žiedadulkių duomenų bazės pagrindu pagal pasirinktą priklausomybės funkciją atkurta pagrindinių medžių taksonų sudėtis eilei vėlyvojo ledynmečio ir holoceno laikotarpių. Sudarytais praeities augalijos paplitimo žemėlapiais reikšmingai detalizuotos žinios apie praeities augaliją Lietuvoje, nustatyti pagrindiniai augalijos migracijos keliai ir jos paplitimo dėsningumai.

Plačiausiai naudojami kiekybinio praeities augalijos taksonominės sudėties atkūrimo pagal žiedadukių duomenis metodai remiasi žiedadulkių-augalijos priklausomybės funkcijomis. Norint atlikti detalų augalijos sudėties atkūrimą šiuo metodu, reikalingos itin didelės apimties geografinių duomenų apdorojimo procedūros, todėl stambiu masteliu augalijos sudėtis atkūriama itin retai. Šiame darbe duomenų apdorojimas atliekamas automatizuotomis GIS priemonėmis. GIS panaudojimas leido tiksliai ir detaliai atkurti Lietuvos vėlyvojo ledynmečio ir holoceno miško augalijos taksonominę sudėtį bei augalijos vystymosi raidą. Disertaciniame darbe pristatomi nauji gręžinių ir atodangų nuosėdų žiedadulkių tyrimai, sudaryta Lietuvos žiedadulkių duomenų bazė, atliktas įvairių žiedadulkių-augalijos priklausomybės funkcijų įvertinimas Lietuvos sąlygose, žiedadulkių duomenų bazės pagrindu pagal pasirinktą priklausomybės funkciją atkurta pagrindinių medžių taksonų sudėtis eilei vėlyvojo ledynmečio ir holoceno laikotarpių. Sudarytais praeities augalijos paplitimo žemėlapiais reikšmingai detalizuotos žinios apie praeities augaliją Lietuvoje, nustatyti pagrindiniai augalijos migracijos keliai ir jos paplitimo dėsningumai. / Most widely used applications of quantitative past vegetation reconstruction are based on pollen-vegetation relationship functions. To carry out detail vegetation reconstruction using this method, large amount of geographic data pre-processing is necessary. For this reason, large scale vegetation reconstructions are extremely rare. In this study data processing is carried out using automated GIS tools. Application of GIS enabled precise and detail reconstruction of the Late Glacial and Holocene forest vegetation composition, as well as the development of vegetation in Lithuania. New pollen investigations from cores and outcrops, created Lithuanian pollen database, evaluation of pollen-vegetation relationship functions in the environment of Lithuania and reconstruction of main tree species composition in the Late Glacial and Holocene, according to pollen database and selected pollen-vegetation relationship function are presented in this study. The created palaeovegetation maps enbled considerable detalization of knowledge about past vegetation in Lithuania. Consequently, main vegetation migration and distribution patterns were defined.

The Assumption of the Virgin Mary has been regarded as a normative subject of post-Tridentine altarpiece production. Yet it is actually a complex pictorial allegory that comments upon an archaic tradition of Christian narratives and its intersection with Marian devotion. The Assumption of the Virgin Mary belongs to a tradition of devotional images in which the Eucharistic meaning is the preferred means for furthering narrative ideas. The deeper meaning of the Assumption altarpiece becomes apparent in the light of the following points, demonstrated repeatedly throughout the study: 1) altarpieces of the Assumption represent a Marian subject informed by narrative liberty, not views of iconography and Tridentine history 2) their imagery is largely based upon visual narratives associated with the historical imagination of the painter 3) they disallow the pre-eminence of the classical model and incorporate other models derived from a resemblance to Byzantine icons and Northern prints 4) they are analogous to icons, essays praising truthfulness and inwardness which operate to convey complex pictorial ideas in narrative adaptations. The first chapter evaluates the narrative source of El Greco’s altarpieces from Toledo. The medieval past of Toledo fused with the Byzantine tradition in an altarpiece form for which parallels are rare in the modern age. The second chapter examines Annibale Carracci’s main Assumption altarpieces and a selection of related paintings. For Annibale Carracci, the original setting at the high altar safeguards the Eucharistic meaning of his Assumption narrative and in turn shapes the narrative link with the adjoining altarpieces. The third chapter involves the Northern devotional print as a narrative outset of Federico Zuccari’s and Rubens’ altarpieces. Their narrative solutions negotiate complex pictorial allegories and further the claim for truthfulness of representation inherent in the print. / Thesis (Ph.D, Art History) -- Queen's University, 2009-11-13 11:41:08.724

No description available.

<p>Among the numerous commitments late ancient Christians throughout the Roman Empire shared with their non-Christian neighbors was a preoccupation with justice. Not only was the latter one of the celebrated characteristics of God, the New Testament had charged Christians, particularly those who served as bishops or elders, with ensuring and maintaining justice in their communities from the tradition's very origins. In the early fourth century, this aspect of episcopal responsibilities had received an unexpected boost when the Emperor Constantine not only recognized bishops' role in intra-Christian conflict resolution, but expanded their judicial capacity to include even outsiders in the so-called audientia episcopalis, the bishop's court. </p><p>Christians had, of course, never resolved the question of what constituted justice in a vacuum. Yet bishops' increasing integration into the sprawling and frequently amorphous apparatus of the Roman legal system introduced new pressures as well as new opportunities into Christian judicial discourse. Roman law could become an ally in a minister's exegetical or homiletical efforts. Yet it also came to intrude into spheres that had previously regarded themselves as set apart from Roman society, including especially monastic and clerical communities. The latter proved to be particularly permeable to different shades of legal discourse, inasmuch as they served as privileged feeders for episcopal sees. Their members were part of the Christian elites, whose judicial formation promised to bear disproportionate fruit among the laity under their actual or eventual care. This dissertation's task is the examination of the ways in which Christians in these environments throughout the Latin West at the turn of the fifth century thought and wrote about justice. I contend that no single influence proved dominant, but that three strands of judicial discourse emerge as significant throughout these sources: that of popular philosophical thought; that of biblical exegesis; and that of reasoning from Roman legal precept and practice. Late ancient Christian rhetoric consciously and selectively deployed these threads to craft visions of justice, both divine and human, that could be treated as distinctively Christian while remaining intelligible in the broader context of the Roman Empire.</p> / Dissertation

Bakgrund: Abort innebär att graviditeten av olika skäl avbryts. En abort kan vara spontan eller inducerad, och den kan ske antingen medicinskt eller kirurgiskt. Sjuksköterskans roll vid en abort är att stötta kvinnan genom hela processen. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka sjuksköterskans attityder och upplevelser av omvårdnadsarbetet med kvinnor som genomgår en abort samt vilka faktorer som påverkar dessa. Metod: Studien är en litteraturstudie med deskriptiv design. Studien är baserad på 13 vetenskapliga artiklar som har sökts fram genom databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Resultat: Denna litteraturstudie visade inte på några entydiga attityder hos sjuksköterskan vad gäller abort. Sjuksköterskan kunde känna skuld, depression och skam. Men det fanns även stolthet i arbetet och sjuksköterskan kunde känna sig glad och nöjd över att få hjälpa till att stärka kvinnors rättigheter. Något som tydligt framgick i många artiklar är att en sjuksköterska som arbetar med en kvinna som genomgår en abort måste acceptera kvinnans val och lägga sina egna känslor och åsikter åt sidan. Religion och tradition har ett väldigt stort inflytande på sjuksköterskans attityd och upplevelse av arbetet med kvinnor som genomgår abort. Ytterligare en tydlig aspekt var att ju senare aborten var, desto svårare hade sjuksköterskan att hantera aborten samt fostret efteråt. Diskussion och reflektion tillsammans med andra kollegor var även något som var önskvärt. Det hjälpte då sjuksköterskan att bearbeta arbetet.Slutsats: Sjuksköterskor som arbetar med abort måste få professionellt stöd och fortlöpande utbildning för att kunna utföra ett bra arbete i att stödja kvinnan som genomgår en sådan känslig upplevelse. / Background: Abortion means that you terminate the pregnancy for various reasons. An abortion can either be spontaneous or induced, and it can either be medical or surgical. The nurse’s role in abortion care is to support the woman during the process. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the nurse’s attitudes and experiences of the nursing work with women who undergo an abortion and the factors that influence these. Method: This study is a literature review with a descriptive design. The study is based on 13 scientific articles that have been found by the databases Cinahl and PubMed. Results: This study did not show on any clear-cut attitudes of nurses regarding abortion. The nurse could feel guilt, depression and shame. But there was also pride in the work and the nurse could feel happy and pleased to help the women strengthen the women’s rights. Something that clearly could be seen in many articles was that a nurse working with a woman who underwent an abortion must accept the woman’s choice and put their own feelings and opinions aside. Religion and tradition had a very large influence on the nurse’s attitudes and experience of working with women who underwent an abortion. Another distinct aspect was that the later the abortion was, the harder it was for the nurses to deal with the abortion and the fetus afterwards. Discussion and reflection together with other colleagues was also something that was desirable. It helped when the nurse to process the work. Summary: Nurses who work with abortion must receive professional support and ongoing training to do a good job in supporting the women who undergoes such a sensitive experience.