El presente proyecto de investigación se encuentra estructurado en cinco capítulos principales los cuales son: Marco teórico, Análisis y Diagnóstico de la situación actual, Diseño y Desarrollo, validación y evaluación de impactos y por último conclusiones. El objetivo del presente trabajo es reducir el lead time excesivo (23 días) en las pymes exportadoras del sector de prendas de vestir en el Perú, el cual fue identificado en las visitas a la muestra significativa de 46 empresas y luego plasmada la información recopilada en un value stream map. A partir de un análisis de causas raíces utilizando el método de diagrama causal, se identificó que las principales causas son los desperdicios de reproceso (40,46%), tiempo improductivo (39,9%) y defectos (28.5%) siendo las causas raíces área de trabajo desordenado, inadecuado método de trabajo, actividades de seguimiento no definidas, mal uso de mecanismos de control de versiones y uso de idiomas extranjeros. Para reducir el lead time excesivo a partir de las causas raíces identificadas, se propone implementar las herramientas lean (5S y estandarización). Para ello, se propone la implementación de un manual de 5s, el uso de fichas técnicas e instructivos y un diccionario textil inglés – español. En conclusión, con la implementación de las propuestas lean 5s y estandarización se logra reducir el lead time excesivo de 23 días a 18 días, encontrándonos así en el promedio estándar del mercado. The present research project is structured into five main chapters which are: Theoretical framework, Analysis and Diagnosis of the current situation, Design and Development, validation and evaluation of impacts and finally conclusions. The objective of this paper is to reduce the excessive lead time (23 days) in the exporting SMEs of the garment sector in Peru, which was identified in the visits to the significant sample of 46 companies and then captured in the information collected in a value stream map. From an analysis of root causes using the causal diagram method, it was identified that the main causes are reprocess waste (40.46%), unproductive time (39.9%) and defects (28.5%) being the causes roots disordered work area, inadequate work method, undefined follow-up activities, misuse of version control mechanisms and use of foreign languages. To reduce the excessive lead time from the root causes identified, it is proposed to implement the lean tools (5S and standardization) especially the implementation of a 5s manual, the use of technical and instructive cards and an English - Spanish textile dictionary. In conclusion, with the proposals of implementation of the lean tools: 5s and standardization, it is possible to reduce the excessive lead time from 23 days to 18 days, thus finding us in the standard average of the market. / Tesis

Os desperdícios e a necessidade de oferecer um atendimento de qualidade constituem um verdadeiro desafio para as empresas de saúde. Para tanto, a adoção da filosofia enxuta - particularmente do lean healthcare - pode contribuir para a redução dos desperdícios e melhoria da qualidade. Neste contexto, este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar os motivos e como ocorreu a implantação do lean thinking nos processos de atendimento em uma empresa de medicina diagnóstica, bem como identificar os resultados alcançados. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória de abordagem qualitativa, em que foi realizado um estudo de caso incorporado. Para a construção das questões orientadoras das entrevistas realizou-se uma pesquisa bibliográfica que gerou seis temas: operações, cultura organizacional, apoio da alta administração, redução de custos e desperdícios, foco no cliente e comunicação e capacitação. A coleta de dados foi realizada com dez participantes, divididos em três grupos e por meio de observações diretas. RESULTADOS: O modelo lean thinking foi aplicado na empresa pela iniciativa de líderes que conheciam o modelo. No entanto, ocorreu de forma incompleta - os colaboradores operacionais não foram envolvidos na capacitação inicial; os princípios básicos e ferramentas que fundamentam o modelo lean não foram incorporados como modelo de trabalho da empresa; não houve a integração de toda a organização, da alta administração à operação; os clientes não participaram do mapeamento do fluxo dos processos do atendimento e não avaliaram o que agrega valor. Com isso, os resultados alcançados em relação à redução de desperdícios com geração de valor ao cliente e melhoria da qualidade com a implantação do lean foram pontuais, com pouca adesão das lideranças e equipe de colaboradores. CONCLUSÕES: A análise dos resultados sugere que a implantação parcial da metodologia do lean thinking e suas práticas seguindo a literatura, considerando o contexto da organização, pode ter contribuído para a obtenção de um desempenho aquém do esperado, em termos de qualidade e redução de desperdícios. / The waste and the need to offer a quality service are a real challenge for healthcare companies. To this end, the adoption of lean philosophy - particularly the lean healthcare - can contribute to reduce waste and improve quality. In this context, this study aimed to analyze the reasons and how the implementation of lean thinking occurred in the processes of care in a medical diagnostic company, as well as identify the results achieved. METHODS: This was an exploratory qualitative study, in which an embedded case study was conducted. For the construction of the guiding questions of the interviews we carried out a literature search that yielded six themes: operations, organizational culture, top management support, cost reduction and waste, customer focus and communication skills. The data collection was performed with ten participants, divided into three groups and through direct observations. RESULTS: The lean thinking model was applied in areas of the company by the initiative of leaders who knew the model. However, there was incomplete - operational employees were not involved in the initial training; the basic principles and tools that support the lean model were not incorporated as a working model of the company; there was not integration of the entire organization, from top management to the operation; customers did not take part on the flow mapping of the processes of care and did not evaluate what adds value in customer perception. Thus, the results achieved regarding wastes decrease with customer value development and quality improvements through lean deployment were punctual and presented poor uptake from leadership team and employees. CONCLUSIONS: The assay of achieved results suggests that the incomplete lean thinking methodology deployment and its best practices according to the literature, also taking into consideration the context among enterprise under study, may have contributed for achievements lower than expected, in relation to quality and wastes decrease.

El principal desafío de las Pymes del sector textil de confecciones es el nivel de competitividad que se vive en la actualidad. Las empresas textiles, deben tener la capacidad de atender los diferentes pedidos en el tiempo establecido por el cliente final. En este contexto, es fundamental desarrollar métodos o herramientas que mejoren los procesos deficientes del sector. El objetivo principal del proyecto es rediseñar el proceso de compra con herramientas de lean manufacturing: Estandarización y Just in Time, alineados a eliminar los procesos innecesarios, elevar los niveles de productividad, reducir inventario, costos y tiempo de entrega e incrementar la satisfacción del cliente mejorando su competitividad en el mercado globalizado a través de los términos de agilidad, velocidad de respuesta y flexibilidad. Para el desarrollo del proyecto, se realiza una investigación previa sobre la metodología lean manufacturing, donde se estudian las aplicaciones de cada una de las herramientas y casos de éxito de PYMES a nivel mundial. Luego, se rediseña el proceso de compras del sector texil exportador orientado a las necesidades de las PYMES peruanas, acompañado de un plan de implementación de los módulos propuestos basadas en herramientas de lean manufacturing. Finalmente, el modelo propuesto es validado por juicio de expertos, dos usuarios de las empresas del sector textil y cuatro expertos en la aplicación de las herramientas Lean, a través de ocho criterios establecidos inicialmente se pudo determinar la viabilidad de la propuesta. The main challenge of the SMEs of the garment textile sector is the level of competitiveness that is experienced today. The textile companies must have the capacity to attend the different orders in the time established by the final client. In this context, it is essential to develop methods or tools that improve the deficient processes of the sector. The main objective of the project is to redesign the purchasing process with lean manufacturing tools: Standardization and Just in Time, aligned to eliminate unnecessary processes, raise productivity levels, reduce inventory, costs and delivery time and increase customer satisfaction improving its competitiveness in the globalized market through the terms of agility, response speed and flexibility. For the development of the project, a preliminary research is made on the lean manufacturing methodology, where the applications of each of the tools and success cases of SMEs are studied worldwide. Then, the purchasing process of the export textile sector oriented to the needs of Peruvian SMEs is redesigned, accompanied by an implementation plan of the proposed modules based on lean manufacturing tools. Finally, the proposed model is validated by expert judgment, two users of textile companies and four experts in the application of Lean tools, through eight criteria initially established it was possible to determine the viability of the proposal. / Tesis

The textile industry is an important foundation of Ecuadors economy because of its contribution through the generation of jobs for unskilled labor and tight integration with other industry such as the agricultural industry, livestock, plastics and chemistry. Within this sector is sub sector Apparel, which is taken as a reference and represents 27 percent of production in the Textile Industry. The project aims to develop a methodology to transform small and medium companies to lean manufacturing Enterprises. It seeks to define and evaluate administrative, production and service processes in a textile company which manufactures garment apparel, define problems in these processes, raise improvement plans and recommendations for themselves and determine a simulation model to search for the feasibility of the proposed improvement model designed. Some of the most important problems identified in the companies in this sector are the following: the high number of errors in production processes described informally by officials; a poor system for inventory control of raw materials; work in processes, finished products, production processes, and a disorganized workplace-office.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:04:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 29 / Nenhuma / Na atualidade, inúmeras Organizações têm a oportunidade de encantar seus Clientes buscando continuamente a redução do tempo de entrega de produtos, melhorando sua qualidade e reduzindo os custos de fabricação através da aplicação de uma gestão enxuta, também chamada no ocidente por Lean Manufacturing. Este modelo foi originalmente desenvolvido por uma Organização Líder do ramo automotivo, chamada Toyota e situada no Japão, que desenvolveu seu próprio sistema de gestão a partir da necessidade de se tornar mais competitiva e atender suas demandas com maior eficácia. Estas tecnologias de produção enxuta vêm sendo mundialmente utilizadas pelas organizações e tem impacto significativo as suas performances e lucratividade. Dentro deste cenário, também se criaram formas de mensurar a eficácia, que tem como base a avaliação acerca da defasagem existente entre o planejado esperado e o resultado alcançado, bem como com quais ferramentas ou recursos se pode gerenciar este tipo de tecnologia. Este trabalho propõe apr / Today, innumerable Organizations have a major opportunity to enchant their customers continuously searching to reduce their costs, improving their quality levels, customer lead time and cycle time through the application of Lean management, called in the Occident by Lean Manufacturing. The production system principles originally developed by the lead automotive company called Toyota in Japan, leads the company to be more competitive and attend the market needs at that time. These Lean Manufacturing Technologies have been widely utilized and applied by numerous manufacturing companies worldwide with an impact in perform and profits. A lot of measuring tools as been created to measuring this efficiency, and also, tools and methods to manage this kind of technology. This Paper considers to present a model focused in Diagnosis of the level of lack regarding lean manufacturing management system, with the intention to present improvements in the form of current evaluation methods and increases the capacity of dia

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:05:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 20 / Nenhuma / Essa dissertação investiga o Sistema Operacional da United Technologies Corporation - UTC, denominado ACE, identificando e analisando as suas inter-relações com o Sistema de Gestão da Qualidade ISO9001. A metodologia de pesquisa se caracteriza pela abordagem qualitativa e estudo de caso único incorporado, o qual é realizado em três etapas. A primeira etapa é uma descrição ampla do Sistema Operacional ACE no sentido de apresentar esse sistema à academia. A segunda etapa é o estudo das inter-relações entre os dois sistemas teóricos. Na terceira etapa são estudadas as inter-relações entre as práticas prescritas dos dois sistemas em uma das unidades de manufatura da UTC. A identificação e análise das inter-relações realizadas neste estudo apresentam uma estrutura organizada que permite o planejamento de um projeto de unificação dos sistemas. Outra contribuição relevante deste estudo é a possibilidade de utilização do método para analisar inter-relações entre outros sistemas. / This research investigates the Operating System of the United Technologies Corporation - UTC, called ACE, identifying and analyzing their interrelations with the Quality Management System ISO9001. The methodology of this research is characterized by a qualitative approach and case study incorporated, which is conducted in three stages. The first step is a broad description of the ACE Operating System to introduce this system to the academy. The second step is the study of the interrelationship between the two theoretical systems. In the third stage are studied the relationship between the practices prescribed for the two systems in one UTC manufacturing unit. The identification and analysis of the interrelations in this study have made an organized structure that allows the planning of a project of unification of the systems. Another important contribution of this study is the use of the method for analyzing the interrelations between others systems.

In order to stay competitive in today’s overly competitive market place, businesses must be engineered to match product characteristics and customer requirements. This increased emphasis on achieving highly adaptive manufacturing with reduction in manufacturing costs, better utilization of manufacturing resources and sound environmental management practices force organisations to adopt efficient management practices in their manufacturing operations. Some of the established practices in this context belong to the Lean, Agility and Green (LAG) paradigms. Adopting these practices in order to address customer requirements may require some level of expertise and understanding of the contribution (or lack of it) of the practices in meeting those requirements. Primarily, the wide choice of LAG practices available to address customer requirements can be confusing and/or challenging for those with limited knowledge of LAG practices and their efficacy. There is currently no systematic methodology available for selecting appropriate LAG practices considering of the product life cycle (PLC). Therefore, this research provides a novel framework for selecting appropriate LAG practices based on PLC stages for reducing costs, lead time and generated waste. The methodology describes the application of analytic hierarchy process (AHP), statistical inference and regression analysis as decision support tools, ensuring a systematic approach to the analysis with appropriate performance measures. The data collected were analysed with the aid of SPSS and Excel using a variety of statistical methods. The framework was verified through a Delphi study and validated using a case study. The key findings of the research include the various contributions of lean, agile and green practices towards improving performance measures, the importance of green in improving performance measures and the importance of selecting appropriate practices based on product life cycle stages. This research makes a clear contribution to existing body of knowledge by providing a methodological framework which could serve as a guide for companies in the FMCG industry to systematically integrate and adopt lean, agile and green to better manage their processes and meet customer requirements in their organisations. However, the framework developed in this research has not been tested in other areas.

As empresas operam em um ambiente cada vez mais dinâmico e competitivo, tornando imprescindível atender adequadamente às necessidades dos consumidores. Na atualidade, estas demandas foram ampliadas e, além de custo, qualidade, velocidade de entrega e flexibilidade, identifica-se um mercado que passa a cobrar pela redução dos impactos ambientais gerados pelos produtos e processos. Deste modo, esta pesquisa defende a proposição de que a Manufatura Enxuta, uma filosofia de gestão da produção, somada aos propósitos da Produção mais Limpa (PmaisL), uma estratégia de gestão ambiental para sistemas produtivos, pode ser uma solução para o alinhamento de seus objetivos, visto que ambas buscam o aumento de produtividade e a eliminação dos desperdícios. Para a implantação da Manufatura Enxuta não foi determinado um método que oriente como realizar este processo e quais são as práticas essenciais, além de ter poucas pesquisas que buscam compreender os fatores disto. Do mesmo modo, pesquisas que abordem a Manufatura Enxuta e a PmaisL ainda são preliminares. Neste sentido, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi propor recomendações para a implantação da Manufatura Enxuta considerando os propósitos da PmaisL, estruturadas no ciclo de melhoria contínua do método DMAIC. O método de pesquisa utilizado para alcançar o objetivo proposto foi o estudo de caso único em uma empresa de referência e o embasamento teórico foi pautado em uma revisão bibliográfica sistemática (RBS). Os resultados gerados com o desenvolvimento dessa pesquisa permitiram observar que não existe um método padrão para a implantação e que a literatura, de modo geral, aborda a implantação da Manufatura Enxuta como um processo de ciclos de melhoria continua envolvendo as atividades definir, medir, analisar, melhorar e controlar e também aborda o processo de implantação a ordem que as ferramentas e práticas devem ser implantadas. No que tange a RBS sobre PmaisL e manufatura enxuta foi possível extrair da literatura as compatibilidades e divergências entre as abordagens, recomendações para melhorar o desempenho ambiental dos sistemas enxutos, como os recursos humanos interferem na integração destas áreas e, além disso, como as práticas enxutas podem ser utilizadas para atingir os objetivos da PmaisL. Além disso, o estudo de caso permitiu observar empiricamente como o meio ambiente pode ser ponderado em um sistema de Manufatura Enxuta. Assim, com base nas evidências teóricas e práticas, gerou-se as recomendações, as quais poderão orientar as empresas de manufatura que desejam implantar as abordagens da Manufatura Enxuta e da PmaisL de maneira conjunta e obterem, simultaneamente, desempenho ambiental e econômico em suas melhorias. Ainda, foi possível concluir que apesar de existirem alguns trade-offs, estas abordagens são em grande parte convergentes. / Companies are operating in an ever more competitive and dynamic environment, making it essential to fulfil the consumers needs. Currently, these demands have expanded, and in addition to cost, quality, delivery speed and flexibility, it is possible to identify a market that requires reduction in the environmental impact of their products as well as procedures. Thus, this research supports the proposition that Lean Manufacturing, a production management philosophy, combined with Cleaner Production, the environmental management strategy for industrial systems, can be a solution for aligning goals, as both seek increased productivity and the elimination of wastage. In the implementation of Lean Manufacturing, there is as yet no method for guiding one to carry out this procedure, and to know what the essential operations are, as well as only having a few studies aimed to understand the factors involved. Similarly, the research addressing Lean Manufacturing and Cleaner Production remains at its initial stages. Thus, the objective of this research was to provide recommendations for the implementation of Lean Manufacturing considering Cleaner Production proposals, using the continuous improvement cycle structure from the DMAIC method. The research method used to achieve the proposed objective was a single case study in a notable company, and the theoretical framework was developed through a systematic literature review. The results, obtained through the development of this research, allowed us to observe that there was no standard method for deployment, and that the literature, in general, addressed the implementation of Lean Manufacturing as a process of cycles of continuous improvement, involving the defining, measuring, analyzing, improving and controlling activities; and also addressed within the implementation process the order in which the tools and operations should be implemented. With respect to RBS on Cleaner Production and Lean Manufacturing, it was possible to extract, from the literature, compatibilities and differences between the approaches; recommendations to improve the environmental performance of Lean systems, and how human resources interfered with the integration of these areas and, moreover, how the Lean operations could be used to achieve the objectives of Cleaner Production. In addition, the case study allowed the empirical observation of how the environment could be balanced in a Lean Manufacturing system. Thus, based on theoretical and practical evidence, the results generated recommendations, which could guide manufacturing companies that wanted to deploy in conjunction the approaches of Lean Manufacturing and Cleaner Production, and achieve both environmental and economical performances in their improvements. Furthermore, it was concluded that, although there are some trade-offs, these approaches are largely convergent.

The aim of this master's thesis is to analyze logistics processes of multinational company Miele technika s.r.o., to explain its position within Multinational Corporation and to demonstrate the use of an information system for streamlining of material flow management. The first chapter describes the very concept of logistics and where it is possible to meet it, the development of logistics and current trends in this area. The second chapter is devoted to production logistics and is focused on the description of production planning and controlling. The third chapter describes lean principles. The final chapter, using a case study, compares originally used system with a current system that is based on the lean principles.

O principal propósito deste trabalho é avaliar as principais variáveis que devem ser consideradas no dimensionamento do buffer de componentes de uma empresa que trabalha sob a ótica da Manufatura Enxuta, que devem ser fornecidos a uma célula de manufatura com mix variado de conjuntos similares a serem produzidos. Como mecanismo de validação da investigação, devido ao dinamismo inerente a operação de sistemas de produção com layout célular, foi utilizada a ferramenta Mapeamento de Fluxo de Valor com o apoio de uma estrutura de um software comercial de simulação computacional aplicando o otimizador do aplicativo desenvolvido a partir de um algoritmo genético a fim de contrapor o uso do abastecedor das células com o controle efetivo do nível de inventário do buffer. Como resultado são apresentados diferentes cenários definidos como experimentos tendo como principal fator a variação do tempo de ciclo de abastecimento executado e o fluxo de material como parâmetro inerente a demanda por cada um dos componentes consumidos na operação da célula de manufatura. Através das análises dos resultados foi concluído que os elevados níveis de estoque se tornam ou não necessários dependendo preliminarmente da capacidade de carregamento por ciclo de abastecimento do transportador e o tempo de ciclo necessário para a realização da atividade de ressuprimento. A relevância do tema de pesquisa estudado encontra-se na contribuição pertinente às informações adquiridas in loco na realidade de uma empresa que trabalha sob a ótica da Manufatura Enxuta, no crescente aumento da complexidade dos sistemas produtivos e, consequentemente, da dificuldade de análises mais precisas do impacto que as variáveis de fluxo, como por exemplo, tempo de abastecimento e movimentação, tempo de setup e os respectivos roteiros de fabricação podem causar no desempenho dos processos no chão de fábrica. / The main purpose of this work is to evaluate the main variables that must be considered in the component buffer dimensioning of a company that works with Lean Manufacturing, which to a manufacturing cell should be supplied with a varied mix of similar sets to be produced . As a research validation mechanism, due to the dynamism inherent in the operation of production systems with cell layout, the Value Stream Mapping tool was used with the support of a commercial software simulation structure applying the developed application optimizer from a genetic algorithm in order to counteract the use of the cell supplier with the effective control of the inventory level of the buffer. As a result, different scenarios defined as experiments are presented, the main factor being the variation of the supply cycle time executed and the material flow as a parameter inherent to the demand for each of the components consumed in the manufacturing cell operation. Through the analysis of the results it was concluded that high levels of stock become or not necessary depending on the loading capacity per transport cycle of the conveyor and the cycle time required to perform the resupply activity. The relevance of the studied research theme lies in the relevant contribution to the information acquired locally in the reality of a company that works from the perspective of the Lean Manufacturing, in the increasing complexity of the productive systems and, consequently, of the difficulty of more precise analyzes of the impact that the flow variables, such as supply and handling time, setup time and the respective manufacturing routes, can cause in the process performance on the shop floor.