In this thesis, two ultrasonic timing methods are used in order to investigate the accuracy and reliability of measurements for surface breaking cracks having different orientations and heights. Also the best applicable measurement technique is searched by comparing the received test results. These methods are the Time of Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Method using diffraction of longitudinal waves and another method using the reflection of shear waves from the crack tips. In order to simulate and measure the height of surface breaking cracks three sets of test blocks from steel, and two sets of wedges from plexiglas material are manufactured. Also several probes having frequencies of 2Mhz, 4Mhz, 5Mhz and angles of 45o and 70o are used. Some test procedures are created to make realistic comparisons between the test results and the ones found by previous studies in literature. The results are compared according to the standard deviations of errors in crack height measurements and it is found that the depth, orientation of defects and the frequency of probes have considerable affect on the results. With wider probe angles and higher frequencies of probes to some extent the errors are observed to be running low and the height of cracks could be measured closer to the original size. The amount of the errors is increased in measurements with the increasing angle of cracks. The results of both methods are found to be very satisfactory. A range of &plusmn / 0.5 mm for means of error from the original vertical crack heights is determined. The results agree with the previous studies.

Product form is the principal factor that affects the consumer response. It influences the consumer preferences in many ways and affects the success of the product in the market. The response is moderated by several influences including individual tastes and preferences, personal characteristics, cultural and social context and other situational factors. The purpose of this study is to find whether gender as a personal characteristics, has an influential effect on the perception of the product form. A survey was conducted with a sample set of mobile phones. To quantify the participants&amp / #8217 / perceptions, semantic differential method was used in which participants were asked to rate characteristics over a set of opposite adjective pairs. It is found out that, with respect to particular adjectives, responses to product form might be significantly different for males and females.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Theatre, 2006. / Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-57).

Héritière des graines semées depuis la Révolution, la monarchie de Juillet élabore les bases d'une politique patrimoniale dans un contexte de renouveau urbain. Les villes entament un processus de transformation de leur armature pour répondre aux nécessités de salubrité publique et s'adapter aux changements socio-économiques. Dans ce contexte, de nouvelles formes de vandalisme apparaissent. Entre conservation des monuments et salubrité publique, différents acteurs doivent faire consensus. Bien que critiqué, le réemploi apparaît comme la meilleure alternative. Il s'agit de concilier les monuments de l'ancienne France avec les impératifs de la France moderne. De la dénonciation du« beau percé», apparaît la défense d'une physionomie de la ville, avec la notion de paysage urbain. Objet de fierté locale, l'édifice ancien est constitutif d'un capital culturel économique. Paysages et monuments constituent les principaux attraits et atouts d'une ville. Le régime fonde trois organes dédiés aux monuments historiques et favorise l'essor des sociétés savantes. Ces acteurs, dénommés les hussards des monuments historiques, remettent en cause les pratiques de l' Ancien Régime. Face à un vandalisme multiforme, ils élaborent de nouvelles modalités de gestion des édifices prenant en compte plusieurs paramètres, comme l'intégrité. À travers leurs discours, ils invitent à une réflexion nouvelle sur la place et le rôle du monument historique dans un espace urbain qui se régénère en profondeur. Pour atteindre leurs objectifs, des outils de vulgarisation de l'archéologie sont mis en place et diffusés pour former la nouvelle génération et contribuer à une prise de conscience. / Heiress of seeds sowed since the French Revolution, the July Monarchy develops the bases of a cultural heritage policy in a context of urban revival. Cities begin a transformation process of their framework to answer the necessities of the public health and adapt itself to the socioeconomic changes. In this context, new forms of vandalism appear. Between preservation of monuments and public health-, various actors have to reach a consensus. Although criticized, the re-use appears as the best alternative. It is a question of reconciling the monuments of Ancient France with the imperatives of modern France. Of this denunciation of "beau percé", the defense of a face of the city, with the notion of urban landscape appears. Object of a local pride, the building constitutes an economic cultural capital. Landscapes and monuments constitute one of the main attractions and assets of a city. The government establishes three entities dedicated to historic monuments and favors the development of the learned societies. These actors, called "hussars of historic monuments", involve to the practices of Ancien Regime. In the face of a multi-form vandalism, they develop new modalities of management of buildings by taking into account several parameters, of which the integrity. Through their speeches, they invite in a new reflection on the place and the role of the historical monument in an urban space which regenerates in depth. To reach their goals, tools of popularization of the archaeology are set up and spread to train the new generation and contribute to an awareness.

This thesis uses the minute books and manuscript magazines of Glasgow’s literary societies as evidence for my argument that the history of mutual improvement groups—including literary societies—needs to be re-written as a unique movement of ‘improvement’ during the long nineteenth century. In foregrounding the surviving records, I examine what it meant to be literary to society members in Glasgow during this period. I discuss what their motivations were for becoming so, and reflect on the impact that gender, occupation and social class had on these. I demonstrate that these groups contributed to the education and literacy of people living in the city and to a larger culture of ‘improvement’. Further, I argue that there is a case to be made for a particularly Scottish way of consuming texts in the long nineteenth century. In Glasgow, there were at least 193 literary societies during this period, which I divide into four phases of development. I provide an in-depth examination of two societies which serve as case studies. In addition, I give an overview and comparison of the 652 issues of Scottish and English society magazines I discovered in the context of a larger, ‘improving’ culture. I offer possible reasons why so many literary societies produced manuscript magazines, and show that this phenomenon was not unique to them. These magazines fostered a communal identity formed around a combination of religion, class, gender and local identity. I determine that societies in England produced similar types of magazines to those in Scotland possibly based upon the Scottish precedent. These materials substantially contribute to the evidence for nineteenth-century mutual improvement societies and their magazines, and for working- and lower-middle class Scottish readers and writers during the long nineteenth century, social groups that are under-represented in the history of reading and in Victorian studies.

In this study the psychological phenomenon of learned helplessness is investigated to determine its significance as a characteristic of members of progressive co-operatives within the South African context . Most of the members of these co-operatives are black South Africans. It is argued that because of the country's racial policy, many of the members have become accustomed to a passive response to events in their lives and this gives rise to their failure to utilise the freedom and opportunities of the co-operative structure. The researcher hypothesises that this passive response could be explained in terms of a high level of learned helplessness among co-operative members. Two hypotheses are investigated in this study: Hypothesis 1: Passive co-operative members will have higher levels of learned helplessness than active members. Hypothesis 2:The level of learned helplessness decreases as the length of co-operative members involvement increases. Data collection for this study was carried out by combining a personal interview and a standardised questionnaire (the Attributional Style Questionnaire). To distinguish between the passive and active members, a Participation Index was constructed. The ASQ was translated into Xhosa, adapted for the sample and two translators were employed to conduct the interviews in Xhosa . The sample consisted of 50 black South Africans, many with limited education and was drawn from six co-operatives in the Eastern Cape. No significant differences were found between the active and passive groups in terms of their levels of learned helplessness. Furthermore, the length of involvement in the co-operative had no effect on the level of learned helplessness. No support was found therefore for Hypothesis l and 2 . A significant difference, however, was found between active and passive members and the number of months of involvement. This suggests that the length of involvement has an effect on how active members will be in the co-operative . The results of this study indicate that generally the sample does not suffer from learned helplessness . It is argued that Hypothesis 2 is not supported due to confounding variables. The study raises many doubts as to the reliability of the ASQ and the Participation Index used in the study.

The impact of a short-term training program upon learned helplessness among nursing home staff and residents was studied. Learned helplessness among staff was defined in terms of depression, self-monitoring, short-term memory, absenteeism, and turnover. Among residents, urinary incontinence was the selected measure of helplessness.

A depressão se constitui um transtorno de alta frequência mundial, apresentando como um dos fatores etiológicos, a exposição a eventos estressores. Em termos neurobiológicos, vários trabalhos da literatura sugerem a importância das projeções serotoninérgicas que partem do Núcleo Mediano da Rafe (NMnR) para o Hipocampo Dorsal (HD) na adaptação ao estresse, a partir da desconexão das associações aversivas previamente aprendidas de suas consequências comportamentais. Assim, o presente trabalho apresenta como objetivo investigar o envolvimento dos receptores tipo 5-HT1a localizados no Núcleo Mediano da Rafe no processo de evocação de memórias aversivas. Para isso, ratos Wistar foram submetidos a cirurgia estereotáxica para a implantação de uma cânula-guia direcionada ao Núcleo Mediano da Rafe (NMnR). Passado o período de recuperação, os animais foram expostos a 40 choques inescapáveis (0,6mA; 10) (condição experimental) em uma caixa de vai-e-vem. Após 24 h, os animais receberam duas injeções intracerebrais de Salina (Sal), 8OHDPAT (DPAT; 3nmoles/0,2µl; agonista de 5-HT1aR) e/ou WAY100635 (WAY; 0,3nmoles/0,2µl; antagonista de 5-HT1aR) combinadas de forma a compor os seguintes grupos experimentais: Sal+Sal, WAY+Sal, Sal+DPAT e WAY+DPAT. Cinco minutos após as injeções, todos animais foram submetidos a uma sessão de teste, na qual foram apresentados 30 choques elétricos escapáveis (0,4mA; 10) nas patas, sinalizados por uma luz (15W; 20) que permanecia acesa durante a apresentação dos choques. Durante a sessão teste foram registrados a latência, o número de esquivas, fugas, falhas e o total de cruzamentos. Um grupo controle também foi realizado, sendo que os animais foram apenas colocados na caixa, sem exposição a choques inescapáveis, sendo testados 24 h após. Os resultados foram analisados pela ANOVA de medidas repetidas. Também foi calculada porcentagem de animais desamparados (%DA) em cada condição, analisada pelo teste do Qui-quadrado. A pré-exposição a choques inescapáveis levou ao desenvolvimento de desamparo aprendido, efeito esse não atenuado pelo tratamento com DPAT, o que pode ser observado na elevada %DA em todos os grupos. Por outro lado, na condição controle, observou-se uma reduzida %DA para todos os tratamentos. Nossos resultados sugerem que a ativação de receptores de tipo 5-HT1a do NMnR não está envolvida na evocação de memórias aversivas. / The depression is a high-frequency disorder in the world, having as one of the etiological causes the exposure to stressful events. In neurobiological terms, several studies of literature suggest the importance of serononinergic projections from the Median Raphe Nucleus for dorsal hipocampus in adaptation to stress, from the disconnection of aversive associations previously learnead of its behavioral consequences. Thus, the aim of this work is to investigate the involvement of 5-HT1a receptors located in the Median Raphe Nucleus in the aversive memory recall process. For this, Wistar rats were submitted to sterioc surgery for the implantation of a guided cannula aimed to MnRN. After the recovery period, the animals were exposed to 40 inescapable shocks (0,6mA; 10 \") (experimental condition) in a shuttled box. After 24 h, the animals received two intracerebral injections of saline (Sal), 8OHDPAT (DPAT; 3nmoles / 0,2l; 5-HT1aR agonist) and / or WAY100635 (WAY; 0,3nmoles / 0,2l; antagonist 5 -HT1aR) combined to compose the following groups: Salt + Salt + WAY Sal, Sal + DPAT and WAY + DPAT. Five minutes after the injections, all animals were submitted to a test session in which were presented 30 escapable eletric footshocks (0,4mA; 10 \") sinilized by a light (15W, 20\") which remained on during the presentation of shock. During the test session were recorded latency for these responses, the number of avoidance, escape, failure and the total crossings. A control group was performed, and the animals just placed in the shuttle box, without exposing inescapable shocks. The results were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. It was also calculated percentage of helpless animals (%HA) in each condition analyzed by chi-square test. The pre-exposure to inescapable shocks led to the development of learned helplessness, this effect does not attenuated by treatment with DPAT, which can be observed in high % of all groups. On the other hand, in the control condition, there is a reduced % of all treatments. Our results suggest that activation of 5-HT 1a of NMnR is not involved in the evocation of aversive memories.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2018-08-03T14:41:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 fabiosilvadefigueiredo.pdf: 2004125 bytes, checksum: aab0cdd1c219400dac682a131b44a986 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2018-08-03T14:44:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 fabiosilvadefigueiredo.pdf: 2004125 bytes, checksum: aab0cdd1c219400dac682a131b44a986 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-03T14:44:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 fabiosilvadefigueiredo.pdf: 2004125 bytes, checksum: aab0cdd1c219400dac682a131b44a986 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-30 / PROQUALI (UFJF) / Gerenciar o conhecimento organizacional ainda é algo desafiador para as organizações públicas atuais. Gerenciá-lo em projetos de consultoria interna pode ser ainda mais trabalhoso. A organização pública em questão é uma Universidade Federal do sudeste do Brasil que nos últimos anos vem desenvolvendo projetos de consultoria interna junto ao seu setor de planejamento. Este modelo de gestão nasceu da necessidade de se responder de maneira mais efetiva às carências organizacionais que se originaram, acima de tudo, da rápida ampliação que esta organização sofreu nos últimos anos em virtude do programa REUNI. Esses projetos versam, sobretudo, acerca de demandas administrativas complexas, como compras de grande vulto e estudos de reestruturação administrativa que demandam uma análise mais aprofundada para a sua correta solução o que, em princípio, foge do cotidiano operacional dos órgãos internos. Entretanto, esse modelo trouxe consigo, além dos benefícios próprios da consultoria interna, um expressivo aumento do conhecimento organizacional que passou a ser rotineiramente criado por essa equipe. Assim, percebeu-se uma lacuna estratégica na determinação de uma ferramenta que fosse capaz de sistematizar este conhecimento organizacional. Desse modo, tendo como base o modelo de conversão do conhecimento (modelo SECI – Socialização, externalização, combinação, internalização) de Nonaka e Takeuchi (1997) e partindo do pressuposto de que a prática de lições aprendidas é determinante e crítica para a sistematização do conhecimento organizacional em projetos de consultoria interna, chegou-se à formulação da seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: como a prática de lições aprendidas poderia sistematizar o conhecimento organizacional em projetos desenvolvidos por uma equipe de consultoria interna em uma instituição federal de ensino superior? Para se obter a resposta a tal pergunta, buscou-se investigar como os projetos de consultoria interna e a gestão do conhecimento podem se valer das práticas de lições aprendidas para efetiva gestão do conhecimento organizacional no âmbito desses projetos. A pesquisa é aplicada, tem natureza descritiva, possui uma abordagem qualitativa e utiliza o método de estudo de caso único. Como resultado foi identificado que a aplicação das lições aprendidas ao processo de sistematização do conhecimento está intrinsecamente ligada à dinâmica da interação entre o conhecimento tácito e explícito que esta prática pode proporcionar, levando à criação de conhecimento organizacional e também que ela é um importante ativo de processo organizacional que pode, além de evitar erros em projetos futuros, promover a perpetuação de melhores práticas no contexto dessa equipe. Portanto, a conclusão do estudo é que as lições aprendidas sistematizam a gestão do conhecimento em equipes de consultoria interna no momento em que esta é uma ferramenta capaz de criar uma dinâmica de interações entre os indivíduos que perpassa toda a espiral de criação do conhecimento em um movimento ascendente e contínuo. Por fim, espera-se, que este trabalho agregue valor ao campo da gestão do conhecimento em projetos, notadamente no setor público e contribua para estimular estudos futuros sobre estes temas. / Managing organizational knowledge is still something challenging to the current public organizations. Manage it in internal consulting projects can be even more laborious. The public organization in question is a Federal University of southeastern Brazil that in recent years has developed internal consulting projects with its planning sector. This business model was born of the need to respond more effectively to organizational shortcomings that originated, above all, by the rapid expansion that this organization has suffered in recent years due to the REUNI program. They are related, especially, about complex administrative demands such as purchasing large-scale, and studies of administrative restructuring that require further analysis to its correct solution which escapes from the daily operating of the internal departments. However, this model has brought with it, beyond the actual benefits of the internal consultation, a significant increase of organizational knowledge which is now routinely created by this team. Thus, it was realized a strategic gap in determining a tool that was able to systematize this organizational knowledge. Thus, based on the knowledge conversion model (SECI model - socialization, externalization, combination, internalization) of Nonaka and Takeuchi (1997) and assuming that the practice of lessons learned is crucial and critical for the systematization of organizational knowledge in internal consulting projects, came to the formulation of the following research question: how the practice of lessons learned could systematize the organizational knowledge in projects developed by an internal consulting team in a federal institution of higher education? To get the answer to that question, it sought to investigate how internal consulting projects and knowledge management can take advantage of the lessons learned practices for effective management of organizational knowledge within these projects. This is an applied research, its nature is descriptive, it has a qualitative approach and uses the single case study method. As a result it was identified that the application of the lessons learned in knowledge management process is intrinsically linked to the dynamics of the interaction between tacit and explicit knowledge that this practice can provide, leading to the creation of organizational knowledge and also that it is an important organizational process asset that can avoid mistakes in future projects and promote the perpetuation of best practices in this team. Therefore, the conclusion is that the lessons learned systematize knowledge management in internal consulting teams at the moment this is a tool that create a dynamic of interactions among the team that permeates the whole spiral of knowledge creation in a upward and continuous movement. Finally, it is expected that this work adds value to the field of knowledge management in projects, notably in the public sector and will help to stimulate future studies on these subjects.

Project Knowledge Management and more specifically how organisations capture experiences gained in projects, is a critical topic in order to compete in the knowledge economy. Little attention has been given the catchphrase lessons learned practices as a research area. The purpose of the thesis is therefore to analyse the framework for the project closure phase through a Knowledge Management perspective. The purpose is also to evaluate how new knowledge, captured by project closure documents, can be identified and measured. To fulfil the purpose, the project closure phase and project closure documents within the project model Practical Project Steering are studied. Through a document study, the framework that the project model gives, and the project closure documents is analysed. The project closure documents are also examined regarding the experiences they capture. This is done by developing an instrument for identifying and measuring new knowledge. Through the study, it can be established that the project closure phase provides for a link between Knowledge Management and Project Management. It has an important contribution to Knowledge Management since it mitigates the risk of not transferring knowledge to the organisational memory. The use of predefined knowledge domains supports structure, and systemisation in the production of the documents, as well as in the compilation and dissemination of useful knowledge. New knowledge within the project closure phase can be identified and measured by dividing the documents into isolated pieces of information and using developed criteria to identify, and thereby quantify new knowledge. The instrument is highly reliable since it is ensured that the division of information does not result in any decontextualisation, and since the criteria used are very stable, and still acknowledge the dynamics of knowledge as well as the knowledge context. By using the measurements on empirical data, problems that are important to acknowledge are identified. There is an uneven distribution of knowledge types acquired by the project closure documents, regardless of their importance; resulting in loss of important knowledge. The difficulty to formalise important knowledge, results in failing to transfer knowledge to an external organisational memory. The difficulty to distribute knowledge sufficiently, results in re-invention of the wheel, and the same mistakes being made twice or more.