State and federal agencies spend considerable time and resources to enhance and create habitat for wildlife. Understanding how target and non-target species respond to these efforts can help direct the allocation of limited conservation resources. However, monitoring species response to habitat management comes with several logistical challenges that are exacerbated as the area of geographic focus increases. I used autonomous recording units (ARUs) to mitigate these challenges when assessing Eastern Whip-poor-will (Antrostomus vociferus) response to forest management. I deployed 1,265 ARUs across managed and unmanaged public and private forests from western North Carolina to southern Maine. I then applied a machine learned classifier to all recordings to create whip-poor-will daily detection histories for each survey location. I used detection data and generalized linear models to examine regional, landscape, and site factors that influenced whip-poor-will occurrence. Whip-poor-wills were detected at 399 (35%) survey locations. At the regional scale, occupancy decreased with latitude and elevation. At the landscape scale, occupancy was negatively associated with the amount of impervious cover within 500m, and was positively associated with the amount of oak forest and evergreen forest cover within 1,750m. Additionally, whip-poor-will occupancy exhibited a quadratic relationship with the amount of shrub/scrub cover within 1,500m. At the site-level, occupancy was negatively associated with increased basal area and exhibited a quadratic relationship with woody stem density. Whip-poor-will populations can benefit from the implementation of forestry practices that create and sustain early successional forests within forested landscapes, especially those dominated by oak forest types. The use of ARUs helped overcome several challenges associated with intensive broad-scale monitoring efforts for a species with a limited survey window, but also presented new challenges associated with data management, storage, and analyses.

No description available.

Afrikaans text / In hierdie navorsing is die waarde van salutogenese as paradigma in gesondheid­ sielkunde krities beskou en salutogenese as konstruk ondersoek. Antonvosky (1979) se aanspraak dat salutogenese 'n nuwe paradigma verteenwoordig, is krities teen die agtergrond van Kuhn se wetenskapsbeskouing en die metaforiese gebruik van die paradigmabegrip in die geesteswetenskappe geevalueer. Met die navorsing is bevind dat salutogenese wei as paradigma in gesondheidsielkunde funksioneer. Die verskille tussen salutogenese en patogenese in terme van aannames. metodologie, teoretiese onderbou en gedeelde waardes is om voldoende tot die slotsom te kom dat salutogenese in die vorm van 'n mini-revolusie akkumulatief tot navorsingsprestasie bydra. Daar word aanbeveel dat die paradigma eksplisiet gestel word ten einde navorsing volgens die salutogeniese beginsels te rig. Ten einde die konstruk 'salutogenese' te belig en bepalende persoonlikheidskenmerke in die salutogeniese paradigma te identifiseer, is 'n steekproef van 1983 voorgraadse studente aan UNISA geselekteer, in twee groepe verdeel, naamlik Blankes en Ander, en vraelyste wat koherensiebelewing, persoonlikheidsgehardheid, potensie, aangeleerde vindingrykheid, lokus van kontrole en selfdoeltreffendheid meet, is afgeneem. Die onderliggende dimensies van die konstrukte is deur faktorontleding blootgele. Produkmomentkorrelasies is bereken en tweede- ordefaktorontledings en bevestigende faktoranalises is uitgevoer. Die empiriese resultate dui daarop dat vir die Blankes aldie persoonlikheidskenmerke tot die konstruk bygedra het, terwyl aangeleerde vindingrykheid nie by die Ander tot salutogenese bygedra het nie. In terme van bepalende persoonlikheidskenmerke is by die Blankes bevind dat salutogenese uit twee tot drie dimensies bestaan. 'n Optimistiese lewensuitkyk, aktiewe betrokkenheid by die omgewing, spesifieke gedragsvaardighede wat streshantering vergemaklik en 'n persepsie van hulpbron­ beskikbaarheid is die ge'ldentifiseerde bepalende salutogeniese kenmerke. Vir die Ander het resultate aangetoon dat salutogenese 'n eendimensionele konstruk is wat verteenwoordigend is van 'n individu wat oor 'n optimistiese lewensuitkyk beskik, stimuli as verstaanbaar en betekenisvol waarneem en op grond daarvan aktief by die leefwereld betrokke is. Salutogenese manifesteer dus verskillend by die onderskeie kultuurgroepe en die onderliggende meganismes en dinamika wat tot salutogenese lei, toon oak kulturele verskille. Bevestigende faktorontledingsresultate toon aan dat al die dimensies van salutogenese nog nie gei"dentifiseer is nie en daar word aanbeveel dat salutogenese verder binne 'n oorkoepelende persoonlikheidsteorie ondersoek meet word. In bedryfsielkundige praktyk kan salutogenese gebruik word om stres­ weerbaarheid te verhoog. / In this research salutogenesis as new paradigm in health psychology was critically evaluated and salutogenesis as construct was clarified. Antonovsky's claim that salutogenesis is a new paradigm was evaluated against the background of Kuhn's view of science and the metaphorical use of the term 'paradigm' in the social sciences. This research concludes that salutogenesis is indeed a new paradigm in health psychology. Salutogenesis and pathogenesis differ sufficiently in terms of assumptions, methodology, specific theories and shared values that salutogenesis, as a mini revolution, contributes to accumulative scientific performance. The paradigm should however be stated explicitly in order to govern research according to salutogenic values. In order to clarify salutogenesis as construct and to identify determining personality characteristics in the salutogenic paradigm, a sample of 1983 undergraduate students from Unisa was selected, divided into two groups, namely Whites and Other, and questionnaires measuring sense of coherence, hardiness, potency, learned resourcefulness, locus of control and self-efficacy were administered. Factor analysis clarified the constructs' underlying dimensions. Product moment correlations were calculated, second-order and confirmatory factor analysis performed in order to clarify the structure of salutogenesis. The results identified that for the Whites all the personality characteristics contributed while learned resourcefulness did not contribute to salutogenesis for the other group. In terms of determining personality characteristics it was found for the White group that salutogenesis is a two or three dimensional construct consisting of an optimistic outlook and active participation in life's demands, specific behavioral skills that aid stress management and a perception of resource availability. For the other group, results indicated that salutogenesis is a unidimensional construct which is respresentative of an individual that has an optimistic outlook on life, evaluates stimuli as comprehensible and is actively involved in his/her own life. Salutogenesis thus manifest differently in different cultures and the underlying mechanisms and dynamics, leading to a salutogenic orientation, show cultural differences. Confirmatory factor analysis indicate that all dimensions of salutogenesis have not been identified and it is recommended that salutogenesis be studied within a broad personality theory. Salutogenesis can be used in industrial psychology to enhance individual stress resistance. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Bedryfsielkunde)

Text in Afrikaans / Salutogenese is 'n nuwe denkrigting wat die ouer patogeniese paradigma vervang. Daarvolgens word stres nie noodwendig in werkverband of in die mens se lewe as negatief gesien nie, maar as optimaliseringsmoontlikheid ten einde positiewe stres- en coping-uitkomstes te bewerkstellig. Hierdie navorsing het ten doel die ondersoek na die verband tussen Salutogenese en Werkorientasie as optimaliseringskonstrukte. Salutogenese is ondersoek deur onder andere te fokus op o Sin vir Koherensie o Persoonlikheidsgehardheid o Aangeleerde Vindingrykheid. Werkorientasie is ondersoek deur onder andere te fokus op o Organisasieverbintenis o Werkbetrokkenheid o Werkbevrediging. In die merra~uurron~dlerrsoelk is 'n persoonlikheidsprofiel van die optimaal-funksionerende mens saamgestel uit die eienskappe van die Salutogeniese mens en die optimaalfunksionerende werknemer, volgens intrapersoonlike (kognitiewe, affektiewe, konatiewe en fisiese) en interpersoonlike eienskappe. In die empirriese cmdlerrsoelk is 'n battery bestaande uit meetinstrumente van die konsepte, na studente uitgestuur. Die steekproef (N = 934) is in twee groepe verdeel, te wete Blankes en Ander, ten einde betekenisvolle resultate te verkry. Die battery is gefaktoranaliseer, alfa-koeffisiente is bepaal en items is geselekteer waarop die resultate gebaseer is: Produkmomentkorrelasies tussen die konsepte is vir elke groep bepaal, asook beduidende verskille tussen groepe. LISREL-ontledings is gedoen ten einde die konseptualisering van die twee konstrukte te bepaal. Uit die empiriese bevindings blyk dit dat die verskillende konsepte onderling verband hou en die konstrukte verteenwoordig. Hieruit kon 'n profiel van die Salutogeniese mens en die optimaal-funksionerende werknemer volgens intra- en interpersoonlike eienskappe opgestel word. Die verband wat die LISREL-ontledings tussen die twee konstrukte bevind het, het die integrering daarvan tot persoonlikheidsprofiel van die optimaal-funksionerende mens, bevestig. Laastens is die empiriese bevindings met die literatuurprofiel ge"integreer en daar is bevind dat daar grootliks ooreenstemming tussen die literatuur en die empiriese bevindings bestaan. Met die navorsing is bevind dat Salutogenese en Werkorientasie as twee afsonderlike konstrukte bestaansreg het, maar dat dit wei oak beduidend verband met mekaar hou. Met die integrering van die literatuur en die empiriese bevindings, is daar tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die verband tussen die twee konstrukte optimalisering simboliseer. Dit figureer as intra- en interpersoonlike eienskappe by die optimaal-funksionerende mens. / Salutogenesis is a new approach which replaces the old pathogenic paradigm. In terms of this approach, stress need not necessarily be viewed negatively in the workplace or in the private lives of man, but as an opportunity for optimisation which can lead to positive outcomes regarding stress and coping. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between Salutogenesis and Work Orientation as two constructs of optimisation. Salutogenesis was investigated by focusing on: o Sense of Coherence o Hardiness o Learned Resourcefulness. Work Orientation was investigated by focusing on: o Organisational Commitment o Job Involvement o Job Satisfaction. In the literature survey, the personality profile of the optimally functioning person was compiled, using the integration of the personality profile of the Salutogenic person with the personality orientation profile of the optimally functioning worker. This was done according to intrapersonal {cognitive, affective, conative and physical) and interpersonal characteristics. In the empirical investigation a battery of questionnaires dealing with the various concepts was mailed to students. The sample {N=934) was divided into two groups, namely Whites and Others, in order to obtain meaningful results. The battery was subjected to factor-analysis and coefficient alpha was calculated in order to select items on which the results could be based. Product-moment correlations for each group were calculated for the various concepts and significant differences were determined. LISREL-analyses were performed to conceptualise the two constructs. The empirical findings indicate that the different concepts which constitute the two different constructs are interrelated. The relationship between the two constructs was confirmed by a LISREL-analysis, thus validating the integration of the two constructs into a personality profile of the optimally functioning person according to intra- and interpersonal characteristics. The empirical constructs could finally be integrated with the literature profile. The research established that Salutogenesis and Work Orientation should be regarded as independent, yet related constructs. The integration of the literature and the empirical findings suggests that both constructs symbolise optimisation and manifest as intra- and interpersonal characteristics of the optimally functioning person. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Com. (Industrial Psychology)

The aim of this dissertation is to establish the factor structure of six salutogenic constructs. The six constructs are conceptualised form the salutogenic paradigm - namely sense of coherence, hardiness, self-efficacy, learned resourcefulness, locus of control and potency. A personality profile of the salutogenic functioning person as well as relevant international and South African research are presented. Measurements for the six constructs and biographical data are administered to a representative sample of 100 administrative officers. The instruments were found to be reliable in this study. Pearson product moment correlations indicated that salutogenesis does not differentiate between gender, race or qualification, and that coping ability increases with age. Factor analysis indicated a distinct three factor structure consisting of sense of coherence, hardiness and a combination of self-efficacy and potency (self-control). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit confirming the literature on and personality profile of the salutogenic functioning individual. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Admin. (Industrial Psychology)

Using resiliency theory as a lens, this qualitative study explored the educational journey and post-graduation experiences of 5 (2 females and 3 males) undocumented Latino college graduates (ULCGs). All participants completed a college degree from a U.S. four-year institution located in a state with an active in-state resident tuition (ISRT) policy. Pseudonyms were used to protect the identity of study participants since a viable path to permanent U.S. residency for undocumented students and/or graduates is currently unavailable. Participants shared their journeys through two 90-minute interviews conducted via Skype, follow-up questions conducted via e-mail, and journal entries collected via e-mail. Consistent with existing literature, findings revealed that participants experienced numerous cultural, academic, legal, and personal barriers, but were relentless in reaching their goals. Contrary to most existing literature, participants in this study enjoyed significant academic capital, aspirational capital, and followed a different and unique decision-making rationale. Findings are presented in five individual portraits and one collective portrait. Individual portraits illustrate participants' struggles, key turning points, and their life decisions. The collective portrait addresses four themes that emerged from the data, including 1) life barriers, 2) reflections of resiliency, 3) decision time, and 4) college education interpretation.

Les études sur modèle animal sont essentielles pour l'élaboration de nouveaux antidépresseurs, à la compréhension de leurs mécanismes d'action et aux mécanismes de la physiopathologie de la dépression. Des facteurs génétiques jouent un rôle important dans l'étiologie des troubles de l'humeur. Notre équipe de recherche a créé un modèle basé sur la reproduction dirigée de souris présentant un trait comportemental relatif à la symptomatologie dépressive en se basant sur les performances obtenues dans l'épreuve de suspension par la queue, obtenant ainsi une lignée résignée et une lignée non résignée . Au cours de ces travaux, nous avons validé un protocole de résignation apprise (RA) chez la souris CD1. Cette épreuve consiste en i) une période de conditionnement, ii) une période de test. Il a été montré que 4 périodes de conditionnement avec des chocs à 0,3 mA sont nécessaires à l'obtention d'une résignation. Un second protocole de RA, sur 3 semaines, a également été validé chez la souris CD1 consistant en 4 périodes de conditionnement suivies de tests à J5, J10, J15 et J20. L'introduction d'un « rappel » de choc en J8 a permis d'entretenir la résignation jusqu'en J20 contrairement à un protocole identique sans rappel. Ce nouveau protocole s'avère être particulièrement adapté pour étudier les effets de traitements chroniques. Deux autres modèles animaux de dépression (issues de 8 souches de souris différentes) ont été également crées dans le laboratoire sur la base de performances dans l'épreuve de suspension par la queue (TST) ou l'épreuve de nage forcée (FST). Les résultats révèlent que les modèles issus de 8 souches criblés au TST ou au FST présentent des caractéristiques neurochimiques différentes, qui en plus d'un comportement différent dans l'épreuve de résignation apprise, confirment que ceux sont bien deux modèles animaux distincts / Studies on animal models are essential to the development of new antidepressants, to the understanding of their mechanisms of action and to the mechanisms underlying depressive disorders. Genetics factors play an important role in the etiology of mood disorders. Our research team elaborated a model based on the selective breeding of mice displaying a behavioural trait of the depression symptomatology. On the basis of the behaviour in the TST, two strains of mice with “helpless” or “non helpless” phenotype were developed. During this work, we validated a learned helplessness protocol in CD1 mice. This paradigm consists in i) a conditioning period. ii) an escape test. It has been found that 4 conditioning periods with 0.3 mA shocks were necessary to induce helplessness. A second learned helplessness protocol was developed in CD1 mice, consisting in 4 conditioning periods followed by escape test in D5, D10, D15 and D20. A “shock reminder” at D8 allowed to maintain helplessness up to D20. This new protocol is particularly appropriate for investigating effects of chronic treatments. The selective breeding lines (from 8 strains of mice) were based on their performance in either the tail suspension test or the forced swimmed test. The results confirmed that lines models (bred from 8 lines) have not only behavioural differences but also display different biochemical characteristics

This dissertation examines the political prospects of rural subaltern groups in the era of neoliberal globalisation by engaging with the ‘death of the peasantry’ debates. To achieve this, it concentrates on rural resistance in the northern highlands of Peru, Cajamarca, against ‘new mineral extraction’ by multinational capital in the form of Minera Yanacocha S.A. (MYSA), with a theoretical framework of critical geography on transnational activism. In particular, the dissertation devotes attention to the massive mobilisations against MYSA’s Conga mining project between 2011 and 2013. The dispossession and disempowerment of the peasantry have been highlighted as the accumulation of global capital has intensified alongside the implementation of market-led development models around the globe. In the 1990s, the extraction and export of abundant natural resources was promoted as a ‘new development alternative’. In tandem with the unprecedented width and depth of resource extraction, the continent has become witness to increasing incidences of struggles led by local communities, particularly in the countryside. Recent Peruvian economic growth has been boosted by a ‘new mining boom’. Simultaneously, many Peruvians are protesting against mining activities, particularly due to their negative social and environmental impact. Cajamarca is one obvious example where neoliberal mineral extraction has generated a series of local struggles since the arrival of MYSA in 1993. The asymmetrical power of multinational capital vis-à-vis campesinos stands out in the context of the emphasis of the central government on ‘national development’ based on natural resource extraction. Against this backdrop, this dissertation examines the re-articulation of rural subjectivities and the political possibilities in their ‘networked form of resistance’, instead of focusing on the fragmentation, powerlessness and passivity of subaltern groups in the face of global capital power. Economic reductionism restricts our understanding of neoliberal globalisation to the exploitation of global capital vs. dispossession of local communities. Following Doreen Massey’s relational geographical approach, the dissertation maintains that it is relevant to understand the ‘relational content’ of global capital mobility and complex dynamics of resistance. In addition, the dualistic framework of geography and power which is based on an essentialist geographical understanding of the spatial (i.e. space/place; powerful global and powerless local) tends to regard local resistance as ‘reactionary’ place-based struggle. Instead, the dissertation focuses on the ‘interconnectedness’ of subaltern groups. It argues that diverse social groups shape what Featherstone terms ‘prefigurative solidarity’ around ‘maps of grievance’, via political resistance. In this process, a political identity is constructed in order to bring neoliberal globalisation into contestation.

La présente thèse pose la question de l’usage des techniques infographiques et images de synthèse pour représenter les vestiges du passé et plus exactement le patrimoine archéologique et architectural. Cette réflexion est bâtie autour d’une approche multiple. Les dispositifs infographiques appartenant, en effet, à l’ensemble des inventions médiatiques et culturelles nées dans la société d’après-guerre, notre étude se veut profondément transdisciplinaire, empruntant des théories à l’Histoire de l’art, l’Archéologie et les Sciences de l’Information et de la Communication. Le parcours suivi consiste à sortir de la dimension purement technicienne afin d’analyser ces dispositifs comme des espaces culturels de représentation, au sein d’une communauté scientifique (les « spécialistes ») et à destination du grand public (les « néophytes »). La figuration du patrimoine monumental à l’aide des outils infographiques n’est assurément pas apparue spontanément en tant que telle du jour au lendemain, que ce soit dans la sphère publique ou dans la sphère plus restreinte de la communauté des chercheurs. Si ce phénomène est évidemment intimement corrélé à l’évolution du secteur informatique, il serait bien trop simpliste de le considérer comme seulement consécutif de cette révolution technologique. En effet, des transformations des espaces médiatiques et scientifiques se jouent parallèlement. La conservation des monuments historiques et sites archéologiques, leur inscription dans l’espace public ou leur mise en exposition suscitent par conséquent débats et controverses au sein de la sphère des chercheurs et des institutionnels. Ces sujets interpellent plus généralement le concept de patrimoine, autant pour des raisons idéologiques qu’historiques. Il s’agit donc de déceler à travers cette étude les éléments socioculturels qui ont engendré l’émergence et le développement de ces pratiques à la fois graphiques, informatiques et scientifiques. Ainsi défini, le contexte nous donne ensuite accès à l’analyse des usages et des appropriations de ces outils par les différents acteurs de la sphère patrimoniale. Il convient enfin de s’attarder sur la matérialité de ces images et de mettre en évidence les espaces de médiation que créent ces dispositifs. En définitive, il semble que ce que nous donnent à voir ces nouvelles représentations, c'est une hybridation des pratiques de communication et des codes signifiants entre culture « savante » et culture « populaire ». / This thesis raises the issue of the use of infographic techniques and synthetic imagery to represent vestiges of the past, in particular archaeological and architectural heritage. Our approach is multidisciplinary. Since infographic systems belong to the category of media-related and cultural inventions that have come into existence since World War II, our study aims to be comprehensive, drawing on Art History, Archaeology, Information and Communications Technology. Our intention is to look beyond the purely technical dimension and to analyse these systems as cultural spaces of representation, within the scientific community (“specialists”) and for the general public (“neophytes”). Representation of built heritage using infographic tools has of course not sprung up spontaneously overnight, whether in the public sphere or in the more restricted sphere of the research community. Although this phenomenon is of course closely correlated with the development of the IT sector, it would be simplistic to regard it only as a consequence of this technological revolution. Indeed, changes in the media and scientific fields have gone hand in hand. The conservation of historic monuments and archaeological sites, their listing as being of public interest and management for exhibition purposes, consequently gives rise to debate and controversy in both the scientific-research and institutional spheres. More generally, these matters raise the issue of “heritage”, as much for ideological as for historical reasons. The purpose, then, of this study is to identify the social and cultural factors that have led to the emergence and development of these practices, which involve a combination of graphics, information technology and scientific research. Thus defined, the context invites us to analyse the ways in which these tools have been used and appropriated by different players in the heritage industry. Finally, we need to consider the material aspect of these images and highlight the areas of mediation which these systems create. In conclusion, it would seem that these new modes of representation exemplify a hybridisation of communication practises and codes of meaning resulting from the mixing of “scientific” and “popular” culture.

O circo-teatro, presente na paisagem urbana de São Paulo em todo o século XX, constituiu-se em espetáculo popular baseado na hibridização cultural, com elementos da cultura erudita e da cultura de massa. Por sua vez, essas duas se apropriaram do discurso circense, num processo evidente de circu-laridade cultural. / The circus-theater, that could be seen at São Paulos urban landscape throughout twentieth century, constituted itself in a form of popular per-formance based in the cultural hybridization, with elements from learned culture and mass culture. In turn, both of these cultures assimilated the cir-cus discourse, in an unequivocal process of cultural circularity.