Depression and post-traumatic stress disorder are common psychiatric comorbidities related to stress. These conditions are frequently treated with antidepressants such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI’s). However, there are individual differences in susceptibility to stress-induced psychopathologies and response to antidepressants. Therefore, there is a need to identify biologic factors that predict vulnerability to stress and response to treatment. Furthermore, few studies have examined the neural correlates of antidepressant treatment response in a stress-susceptible animal model. This dissertation had three specific aims: 1) to characterize behavioral predictors of stress vulnerability by studying three dimensions of temperament (reward dependence, novelty-specific activity and harm avoidance) before stress exposure using a stress-susceptible rat strain, 2) to identify the neural network effects of response and non-response to SSRI treatment using a stress-susceptible animal model, and 3) to determine the neurophysiologic correlates of helplessness susceptibility. This was examined via measurement of regional brain metabolic capacity and functional connectivity within relevant neural circuits, and measurements of corticosterone and heart rate. These effects were studied in rats that underwent inescapable shock exposure followed by escape testing. Holtzman rats showed greater predisposition to helpless behavior following inescapable shock compared to Sprague Dawley and Long-Evans strains. Also, increased activity in a novel environment and low heart rate appeared to be markers of helplessness susceptibility in Holtzman rats. Limbic-cortical network effects were identified that distinguished between responders and non-responders to antidepressant treatment in the Holtzman strain. Finally, hypermetabolism of the lateral habenula and a less interactive prefrontal-limbic cortex were identified in subjects with higher susceptibility towards helplessness within the Holtzman strain. Similar findings have been reported with other depression animal models and human neuroimaging studies. These findings support that the helpless dimension of mood disorders can be accurately modeled with the Holtzman rat strain and confirm that the lateral habenula and prefrontal cortex are key regions mediating the helpless phenotype and response to SSRI treatment. / text

The aim of this work is to analytically treat the dynamic ion behavior during the evolution of the ion matrix sheath, considering the industrial application plasma source ion implantation for both planar and cylindrical targets, and then to de-velop a code that simulates this dynamic ion behavior numerically. If the sepa-ration between the electrodes in a discharge tube is small, upon the application of a large potential between the electrodes, an ion matrix sheath is formed, which fills the whole inter-electrode space. After a short time, the ion matrix sheath starts moving towards the cathode and disappears there. Two regions are formed as the matrix sheath evolves. The potential profiles of these two regions are derived and the ion flux on the cathode is estimated. Then, by us-ing the finite-differences method, the problem is simulated numerically. It has been seen that the results of both analytical calculations and numerical simula-tions are in a good agreement.

This article describes and analyses the present conditions of the application of the Public Work Tax Deduction (PWTD) mechanism, identifying six main obstacles that difficult on a appreciable way his concrete implementation or the rate of it.For this purpose, this study has identify and analyze the 30 main highlights that conform the critical path of PWTD process, determining the actual times for his performance and comparing them with the legal times established on the PWTD actual law, and so with the optimal times reasonably according with the experience on the public management of similar work projects. / El presente artículo describe y analiza las condiciones actuales de la aplicación delmecanismo de Obras por Impuestos (OXI), identificando seis obstáculos principales que dificultan de manera apreciable su implementación concreta o la velocidad de la misma. Para efectos del presente estudio se han identificado y analizado los principales 30 hitos que conforman la ruta crítica del proceso OXI, determinando los tiempos reales para su cumplimiento y comparándolos con los tiempos legales establecidos en la normativa OXI actual, y con los tiempos óptimos estimados razonablemente de acuerdo a la experiencia en la gestión pública de proyectos similares.

The thesis is focused on understanding the current state of project management in selected companies, including proposing their own suggestions and recommendations. Own suggestions and recommendations are directly used in the case study of a real project-an exclusive two-days training for exclusive leaders. The thesis has two parts. In the first part are described the elementary terms of project management. Defined individual phases of the life cycle, described selected project documentation and international standards and methodologies of project management. In the second part is a brief description of the selected company, describes the project lifecycle, including comparisons of the international standards and methodology and evaluation deficiencies. Suggestions and recommendations are used in the case study and in the final discussion are evaluated practical suggestions and recommendations.

Submitted by Lygia Maria Figueiredo dos Santos Leite (lygia.leite@fgv.br) on 2014-05-23T17:53:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_MEX_2012_Lygia Maria Leite_Versão Publicação.pdf: 1341249 bytes, checksum: 22ee4a8e437397dff780b7469e774565 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Janete de Oliveira Feitosa (janete.feitosa@fgv.br) on 2014-06-02T17:22:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_MEX_2012_Lygia Maria Leite_Versão Publicação.pdf: 1341249 bytes, checksum: 22ee4a8e437397dff780b7469e774565 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Marcia Bacha (marcia.bacha@fgv.br) on 2014-06-11T13:00:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_MEX_2012_Lygia Maria Leite_Versão Publicação.pdf: 1341249 bytes, checksum: 22ee4a8e437397dff780b7469e774565 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T13:00:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação_MEX_2012_Lygia Maria Leite_Versão Publicação.pdf: 1341249 bytes, checksum: 22ee4a8e437397dff780b7469e774565 (MD5) Previous issue date: 30-01-20 / Before the changes that are occurring over the last few years, where the prospect of the economy shifts from industrial to knowledge, we face a new scenario where the intellectual capital of the individual is perceived as a crucial factor for the development and growth of organization. However, for this evolution to occur, the tacit knowledge of the individual needs to be disseminated and shared with other members of the organization. The concern in companies, then back to the development of strategies to corroborate the improvement of its processes. Moreover, it is also necessary to manage this whole dynamic of construction and development of knowledge, proper and effective way thus providing the emergence of new values and competitive advantage. Countless models to assist in the organizational learning process have been developed by various authors and scholars, among them we highlight lessons learned system, which is built from experience, positive or negative, experienced within a context, in order of their own cultural patterns with real and significant impact. Based on established processes and procedures for the coordination of one of the products offered by FGV and its distribution network, this paper aims to examine, in the light of the theory of knowledge management and, more specifically, the management of lessons learned, as gereciamento knowledge is being made in the project Best Practices established by this coordination. Also are expected to understand the phases of the acquisition, development and dissemination, in this scenario, are being carried out effectively and, if the results obtained can serve as a basis for evaluating the effective sharing of knowledge. / Frente às mudanças que estão ocorrendo ao longo dos últimos anos, onde a perspectiva da economia passa da industrial para a do conhecimento, nos defrontamos com um novo cenário onde o capital intelectual do individuo é percebido como fator de fundamental importância para o desenvolvimento e crescimento da organização. No entanto, para que esta evolução ocorra, o conhecimento tácito do individuo precisa ser disseminado e compartilhado com os demais integrantes da organização. A preocupação nas empresas se volta, então, para a elaboração de estratégias que corroborem no aperfeiçoamento de seus processos. Além disso, é preciso, também, gerenciar toda esta dinâmica de construção e desenvolvimento do conhecimento, de maneira adequada e eficaz proporcionando, assim, o surgimento de novos valores e de vantagem competitiva. Inumeros modelos para auxiliar no processo de aprendizagem organizacional foram desenvolvidos por diversos autores e estudiosos, dentre eles destacamos o sistema de lições aprendidas, que é construida a partir de experiências, positivas ou negativas, vivenciadas dentro de um contexto, sob ordenação de padrões culturais próprios, com impacto real e significativo. Baseado em processos e procedimentos estabelecidos pela coordenação de um dos produtos ofertados pela FGV e sua rede de distribuição, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar, à luz da teoria da gestão do conhecimento e, mais especificamente, da gestão das lições aprendidas, como o gereciamento do conhecimento está sendo efetuado no projeto Melhores Práticas, criado pela referida coordenação. Espera-se, também, entender se as fases da aquisição, do desenvolvimento e da disseminação, neste cenário, estão sendo realizados de forma eficaz e, se os resultados alcançados podem servir como uma base para avaliação do efetivo compartilhamento do conhecimento.

Au lendemain de la renaissance juridique du XIIe siècle, la redécouverte du régime romain de la superficie amorce une réflexion doctrinale sur ce mode de dissociation juridique du sol et de la construction. Les glossateurs suivis par les commentateurs et une partie de la doctrine moderne distinguent le pouvoir du superficiaire sur la construction et celui maître du sol sur l’intégralité du fonds en qualifiant le premier de domaine utile et le second de domaine direct. Le dominium du superficiaire rassemble ainsi l’ensemble de ses actions et prérogatives sur la chose dont la plupart sont concurrentes de celles du maître du sol. La remise en cause de la théorie du double domaine par les juristes humanistes ne conduit pas ces derniers à contester l’étendue du pouvoir du superficiaire. Le concept de droit de superficie connaît en revanche un véritable bouleversement lorsque Wolff affirme, à la fin de l’Époque moderne, que le droit de superficie est un droit de propriété exclusif et absolu. Une même conception du droit de superficie est défendue au XIXe siècle par les premiers commentateurs du Code civil pour offrir une qualification aux différentes pratiques de dissociation juridique du fonds hérités de la coutume d’Ancien Régime. / Following the juridical renaissance of the 12th century, the rediscovery of roman superficies rules initiates a doctrinal reflection about this form of legal dissociation between building and ground. Glossators, followed by commentators and a part of the modern doctrine, differentiate the superficiary’s power over the building and the ground owner’s power over the entire land by describing the first one as a beneficial ownership and the second one as a direct ownership. For these authors, the superficiary’s ownership contains his procedural and substantive rights. Some of them compete ground owner’s rights. By rejecting the concept of dual ownership, humanistic jurists don’t question the scope of the superficiary’s power. However, at the end of Modern Area, Wolff changes the concept of right of superficies by identifying it as an exclusive and absolute ownership. In the 19th century, an identical conception is found in the first commentators of the Napoleonic Code’s doctrine. Indeed, the concept of superficies is used by these jurists to characterize several practices of dissociation between building rights and ground rights which are initially based on Ancien Régime customs.

Afrikaans text / In hierdie navorsing is die waarde van salutogenese as paradigma in gesondheid­ sielkunde krities beskou en salutogenese as konstruk ondersoek. Antonvosky (1979) se aanspraak dat salutogenese 'n nuwe paradigma verteenwoordig, is krities teen die agtergrond van Kuhn se wetenskapsbeskouing en die metaforiese gebruik van die paradigmabegrip in die geesteswetenskappe geevalueer. Met die navorsing is bevind dat salutogenese wei as paradigma in gesondheidsielkunde funksioneer. Die verskille tussen salutogenese en patogenese in terme van aannames. metodologie, teoretiese onderbou en gedeelde waardes is om voldoende tot die slotsom te kom dat salutogenese in die vorm van 'n mini-revolusie akkumulatief tot navorsingsprestasie bydra. Daar word aanbeveel dat die paradigma eksplisiet gestel word ten einde navorsing volgens die salutogeniese beginsels te rig. Ten einde die konstruk 'salutogenese' te belig en bepalende persoonlikheidskenmerke in die salutogeniese paradigma te identifiseer, is 'n steekproef van 1983 voorgraadse studente aan UNISA geselekteer, in twee groepe verdeel, naamlik Blankes en Ander, en vraelyste wat koherensiebelewing, persoonlikheidsgehardheid, potensie, aangeleerde vindingrykheid, lokus van kontrole en selfdoeltreffendheid meet, is afgeneem. Die onderliggende dimensies van die konstrukte is deur faktorontleding blootgele. Produkmomentkorrelasies is bereken en tweede- ordefaktorontledings en bevestigende faktoranalises is uitgevoer. Die empiriese resultate dui daarop dat vir die Blankes aldie persoonlikheidskenmerke tot die konstruk bygedra het, terwyl aangeleerde vindingrykheid nie by die Ander tot salutogenese bygedra het nie. In terme van bepalende persoonlikheidskenmerke is by die Blankes bevind dat salutogenese uit twee tot drie dimensies bestaan. 'n Optimistiese lewensuitkyk, aktiewe betrokkenheid by die omgewing, spesifieke gedragsvaardighede wat streshantering vergemaklik en 'n persepsie van hulpbron­ beskikbaarheid is die ge'ldentifiseerde bepalende salutogeniese kenmerke. Vir die Ander het resultate aangetoon dat salutogenese 'n eendimensionele konstruk is wat verteenwoordigend is van 'n individu wat oor 'n optimistiese lewensuitkyk beskik, stimuli as verstaanbaar en betekenisvol waarneem en op grond daarvan aktief by die leefwereld betrokke is. Salutogenese manifesteer dus verskillend by die onderskeie kultuurgroepe en die onderliggende meganismes en dinamika wat tot salutogenese lei, toon oak kulturele verskille. Bevestigende faktorontledingsresultate toon aan dat al die dimensies van salutogenese nog nie gei"dentifiseer is nie en daar word aanbeveel dat salutogenese verder binne 'n oorkoepelende persoonlikheidsteorie ondersoek meet word. In bedryfsielkundige praktyk kan salutogenese gebruik word om stres­ weerbaarheid te verhoog. / In this research salutogenesis as new paradigm in health psychology was critically evaluated and salutogenesis as construct was clarified. Antonovsky's claim that salutogenesis is a new paradigm was evaluated against the background of Kuhn's view of science and the metaphorical use of the term 'paradigm' in the social sciences. This research concludes that salutogenesis is indeed a new paradigm in health psychology. Salutogenesis and pathogenesis differ sufficiently in terms of assumptions, methodology, specific theories and shared values that salutogenesis, as a mini revolution, contributes to accumulative scientific performance. The paradigm should however be stated explicitly in order to govern research according to salutogenic values. In order to clarify salutogenesis as construct and to identify determining personality characteristics in the salutogenic paradigm, a sample of 1983 undergraduate students from Unisa was selected, divided into two groups, namely Whites and Other, and questionnaires measuring sense of coherence, hardiness, potency, learned resourcefulness, locus of control and self-efficacy were administered. Factor analysis clarified the constructs' underlying dimensions. Product moment correlations were calculated, second-order and confirmatory factor analysis performed in order to clarify the structure of salutogenesis. The results identified that for the Whites all the personality characteristics contributed while learned resourcefulness did not contribute to salutogenesis for the other group. In terms of determining personality characteristics it was found for the White group that salutogenesis is a two or three dimensional construct consisting of an optimistic outlook and active participation in life's demands, specific behavioral skills that aid stress management and a perception of resource availability. For the other group, results indicated that salutogenesis is a unidimensional construct which is respresentative of an individual that has an optimistic outlook on life, evaluates stimuli as comprehensible and is actively involved in his/her own life. Salutogenesis thus manifest differently in different cultures and the underlying mechanisms and dynamics, leading to a salutogenic orientation, show cultural differences. Confirmatory factor analysis indicate that all dimensions of salutogenesis have not been identified and it is recommended that salutogenesis be studied within a broad personality theory. Salutogenesis can be used in industrial psychology to enhance individual stress resistance. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Bedryfsielkunde)

Text in Afrikaans / Salutogenese is 'n nuwe denkrigting wat die ouer patogeniese paradigma vervang. Daarvolgens word stres nie noodwendig in werkverband of in die mens se lewe as negatief gesien nie, maar as optimaliseringsmoontlikheid ten einde positiewe stres- en coping-uitkomstes te bewerkstellig. Hierdie navorsing het ten doel die ondersoek na die verband tussen Salutogenese en Werkorientasie as optimaliseringskonstrukte. Salutogenese is ondersoek deur onder andere te fokus op o Sin vir Koherensie o Persoonlikheidsgehardheid o Aangeleerde Vindingrykheid. Werkorientasie is ondersoek deur onder andere te fokus op o Organisasieverbintenis o Werkbetrokkenheid o Werkbevrediging. In die merra~uurron~dlerrsoelk is 'n persoonlikheidsprofiel van die optimaal-funksionerende mens saamgestel uit die eienskappe van die Salutogeniese mens en die optimaalfunksionerende werknemer, volgens intrapersoonlike (kognitiewe, affektiewe, konatiewe en fisiese) en interpersoonlike eienskappe. In die empirriese cmdlerrsoelk is 'n battery bestaande uit meetinstrumente van die konsepte, na studente uitgestuur. Die steekproef (N = 934) is in twee groepe verdeel, te wete Blankes en Ander, ten einde betekenisvolle resultate te verkry. Die battery is gefaktoranaliseer, alfa-koeffisiente is bepaal en items is geselekteer waarop die resultate gebaseer is: Produkmomentkorrelasies tussen die konsepte is vir elke groep bepaal, asook beduidende verskille tussen groepe. LISREL-ontledings is gedoen ten einde die konseptualisering van die twee konstrukte te bepaal. Uit die empiriese bevindings blyk dit dat die verskillende konsepte onderling verband hou en die konstrukte verteenwoordig. Hieruit kon 'n profiel van die Salutogeniese mens en die optimaal-funksionerende werknemer volgens intra- en interpersoonlike eienskappe opgestel word. Die verband wat die LISREL-ontledings tussen die twee konstrukte bevind het, het die integrering daarvan tot persoonlikheidsprofiel van die optimaal-funksionerende mens, bevestig. Laastens is die empiriese bevindings met die literatuurprofiel ge"integreer en daar is bevind dat daar grootliks ooreenstemming tussen die literatuur en die empiriese bevindings bestaan. Met die navorsing is bevind dat Salutogenese en Werkorientasie as twee afsonderlike konstrukte bestaansreg het, maar dat dit wei oak beduidend verband met mekaar hou. Met die integrering van die literatuur en die empiriese bevindings, is daar tot die gevolgtrekking gekom dat die verband tussen die twee konstrukte optimalisering simboliseer. Dit figureer as intra- en interpersoonlike eienskappe by die optimaal-funksionerende mens. / Salutogenesis is a new approach which replaces the old pathogenic paradigm. In terms of this approach, stress need not necessarily be viewed negatively in the workplace or in the private lives of man, but as an opportunity for optimisation which can lead to positive outcomes regarding stress and coping. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between Salutogenesis and Work Orientation as two constructs of optimisation. Salutogenesis was investigated by focusing on: o Sense of Coherence o Hardiness o Learned Resourcefulness. Work Orientation was investigated by focusing on: o Organisational Commitment o Job Involvement o Job Satisfaction. In the literature survey, the personality profile of the optimally functioning person was compiled, using the integration of the personality profile of the Salutogenic person with the personality orientation profile of the optimally functioning worker. This was done according to intrapersonal {cognitive, affective, conative and physical) and interpersonal characteristics. In the empirical investigation a battery of questionnaires dealing with the various concepts was mailed to students. The sample {N=934) was divided into two groups, namely Whites and Others, in order to obtain meaningful results. The battery was subjected to factor-analysis and coefficient alpha was calculated in order to select items on which the results could be based. Product-moment correlations for each group were calculated for the various concepts and significant differences were determined. LISREL-analyses were performed to conceptualise the two constructs. The empirical findings indicate that the different concepts which constitute the two different constructs are interrelated. The relationship between the two constructs was confirmed by a LISREL-analysis, thus validating the integration of the two constructs into a personality profile of the optimally functioning person according to intra- and interpersonal characteristics. The empirical constructs could finally be integrated with the literature profile. The research established that Salutogenesis and Work Orientation should be regarded as independent, yet related constructs. The integration of the literature and the empirical findings suggests that both constructs symbolise optimisation and manifest as intra- and interpersonal characteristics of the optimally functioning person. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D. Com. (Industrial Psychology)

The aim of this dissertation is to establish the factor structure of six salutogenic constructs. The six constructs are conceptualised form the salutogenic paradigm - namely sense of coherence, hardiness, self-efficacy, learned resourcefulness, locus of control and potency. A personality profile of the salutogenic functioning person as well as relevant international and South African research are presented. Measurements for the six constructs and biographical data are administered to a representative sample of 100 administrative officers. The instruments were found to be reliable in this study. Pearson product moment correlations indicated that salutogenesis does not differentiate between gender, race or qualification, and that coping ability increases with age. Factor analysis indicated a distinct three factor structure consisting of sense of coherence, hardiness and a combination of self-efficacy and potency (self-control). Confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit confirming the literature on and personality profile of the salutogenic functioning individual. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M. Admin. (Industrial Psychology)

Cette thèse analyse la division moderne des domaines des sciences de la musique et la hiérarchisation des répertoires musicaux qui lui est corrélative. La recherche s’appuie sur une enquête socio-historique menée à partir du cas français et sur plusieurs sources courant du début du XVIIème au milieu du XXème siècle. Elle mobilise des ressources manuscrites et imprimées (documents administratifs, archives savantes et muséales, actes de congrès et autres imprimés issus des Expositions universelles, archives du secteur de l’édition, pièces documentant la collecte et la conservation d’instruments de musique, de chansons et d’enregistrements sonores) qui sont traitées à l’aide de plusieurs méthodes (analyse lexicale, sociologie des textes, bases de données, ethnographie historique). L’enquête met en lumière une configuration de patrimonialisation de la musique pilotée par l’État-nation français, qui participe d’un processus de longue durée de différenciation du social par la musique. Des opérations de collecte et de conservation des objets de musique sont impulsées par le Second Empire et confortées par la Troisième République. Elles concourent à assigner certains répertoires, portés par des populations vivantes, à une anhistoricité – un en-deçà de l’histoire. Ce partage est analysé comme un système de domination symbolique institué par plusieurs administrations (Instruction publique, Commerce et Industrie, Beaux-Arts, Colonies), produit et reproduit par différent·e·s agent·e·s mandaté·e·s par l’État (Professeur·e·s, académicien·ne·s, conservateurs et conservatrices, dirigeant·e·s territoriaux). / In this dissertation, I analyse how, in the modern period, the different scientific domains dealing with music were divided, and how, at the same time, musical repertories were organised into a hierarchy. This research, focused on the French case, is based on a socio-historical enquiry and on several sources dating from the beginning of the seventeenth to the mid-twentieth century. Those sources are both manuscript and printed, and range from administrative documents, scientific and museum archives, conference proceedings and other printed sources related to the Universal Exhibitions, to archives from the publishing sector and other pieces related to the collection and curating of musical instruments, songs and audio recordings. The following methods were mobilised : lexical analysis, textual sociology, databases and historical ethnography. The enquiry emphasizes a configuration of the process of making music a part of national heritage by the French State, which is also a long-term process of social differentiation through the music. Collecting and curating operations of musical objects were initiated by the Second Empire and consolidated by the Third Republic. These operations have contributed to make certain repertories anhistorical, kept in a zone below history. This separation is analysed as a symbolic domination system, which was enacted by several administrations (Public Instruction, Trading and Industry, Fine Arts, Colonies), produced and reproduced by different agents commissioned by the State (teachers and professors, academicians, curators, territorial leaders).