Introduktion: Barn och unga som utsätts för mobbning i skolan löper en större risk för ohälsa såsom ångest och depression samt försämrad skolprestation vilket gör mobbning till en aktuell folkhälsofråga världen över. Syfte: Syftet med denna studien var att sammanställa lärdomar från antimobbningsprogram som implementerats och utvärderats i grundskolor i Europa. Metod: En strukturerad litteraturstudie baserad på 18 vetenskapliga artiklar inhämtade från PubMed, Web of Science och CINAHL gjordes och analyserades med tematisk analys. Resultat: Fem teman identifierades som sammanfattade lärdomar, dessa teman var; Teoretisk förankring av interventionen är av vikt; Att involvera lärarna i interventionen är betydande; Att främja gruppdynamik och sociala relationer minskar mobbning; Interventionseffekten är olika för olika åldersgrupper samt; Vissa skillnader finns i interventionseffekt mellan pojkar och flickor. Slutsats: Det finns lärdomar att dra från olika implementerade och utvärderade antimobbningsprogram i Europa. Kunskap och förståelse kring dessa lärdomar kan innebära en bättre implementering, och förhoppningsvis bättre effekt, av framtida antimobbningsprogram. / Introduction: Children and young people who are exposed to bullying at school are at greater risk of ill health, such as anxiety and depression and poorer school performance, which makes bullying a current public health issue worldwide. Aim: The aim of this study was to compile lessons from anti-bullying programs implemented and evaluated in primary schools in Europe. Methods: A structured literature study based on 18 scientific articles obtained from PubMed, Web of Science and CINAHL was made and analyzed with thematic analysis. Results: Five themes were identified as summarized lessons, these themes were; Theoretical anchoring of the intervention is important; Involving teachers in the intervention is significant; Promoting group dynamics and social relationships reduces bullying; The intervention effect is different for different age groups and; There are some differences in the intervention effect between boys and girls. Conclusion:There are lessons to be learned from various implemented and evaluated anti-bullying programs in Europe. Knowledge and understanding of these lessons can mean a better implementation, and hopefully a better effect, of future anti-bullying programs.

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It is by now well established that authors and copyists of scholarly works also drafted legal documents, if only occasionally. This article examines newly available prosopographical information concerning the scribal activities of the Sîn-lēqi-unnīnī during the mid to late fourth century BCE. It offers new datings of learned texts that have been known to academic circles for a long time and argues that the extant archival texts from Early Hellenistic Uruk mainly belonged to the archives of the Aḫûtu and Ekur-zakir families. In addition, it presents cases of transference of linguistic items peculiar to one or the other genre, giving rise to some general remarks on cross-genre imprints.

Dammar är viktiga byggnadsverk som möjliggör olika samhällsfunktioner. För att säkerställa deras säkerhet krävs noggranna säkerhetsåtgärder och att lära från incidenter. Syftet med studien är att föreslå en kommunikationsstrategi för Svenska kraftnät, för att vägleda hur dammaktörer kan samla in och sprida lärdomar från dammsäkerhetsincidenter. Kommunikationsstrategin utvecklades genom en inkrementell designmetod och den huvudsakliga datainsamlingsmeteoden var intervjuer med 16 aktörer. Intervjuerna strukturerades efter de didaktiska frågorna hur, vem, varför, när och vad gällande kommunikationen mellan dammaktörerna. Aktörerna berättade om hur de samlar in och sprider lärdomar samt vilka utmaningar och behov av utveckling som finns kring dagens arbete. Datan analyserades tematiskt. Kommunikationsmetoderna som identifierades genom intervjuerna var inrapporteringssystem, sammankomster, rapporter, tekniska kanaler och informell kommunikation. Förekomsten och frekvensen av dessa varierade beroende på om kommunikationen skedde internt eller externt mellan aktörskategorierna. Aktörernas svar på frågorna när, varför och vem varierade, medan vad-frågan var svår att finna trender kring. Aktörerna uttryckte utmaningar kring att sprida lärdomar vidare till vissa aktörer, att få dammägare att dela med sig av information och att förhålla sig till säkerhetsskyddslagstiftning kopplad till dammverksamheten. Behoven som identifierades var förbättringar och nyttjande av olika typer av system, interaktiva sammankomster samt olika vägledningar och begreppsdefinitioner. Faktorerna som har legat till grund för kommunikationsstrategin är svaren från intervjuerna, en workshop och teoretiska ramverk kring kommunikation och lärande. I kommunicationsstrategin ges förslag för att möta behoven genom vägledningar, uppmaningar kring att nyttja och utveckla system, förbättra befintlig inrapportering och göra sammanställningar som kan publiceras och utgöra grunden för interaktiva workshop / Dams are important for societal functions, and ensuring their safety requires safety measures and learning from incidents. This study aims to propose a communication strategy for Svenska kraftnät, guiding stakeholders in the dam safety industry on gathering and disseminating lessons learned from dam safety incidents. The communication strategy was developed through an “incremental design method” and the primary method for collection of data was interviews with 16 stakeholders. The interviews were structured around the didactic questions of who, how, why, when and what, regarding the communication between stakeholders. The respondents explained how they gather and disseminate lessons learned, as well as the challenges and development needs for today’s methods. The data was analyzed thematically. The communication methods identified through the interviews were reporting systems, assemblies, reports, technical channels, and informal communication. The occurrence and frequency of these methods varied depending on whether the communication was internally or externally among the stakeholders. Responses to questions of when, why and who varied, while trends for the what-question were challenging to identify. Stakeholders expressed challenges in disseminating lessons to certain stakeholders, getting dam owners to share information, and understanding certain safety legislation. The identified needs included improvements and better utilization of various systems, interactive assemblies, and different guidelines and definitions. The interview responses, a workshop and theoretical communication frameworks provided the foundation for the communication strategy. The strategy includes guidelines, encouraging the use and development of systems, improving existing reporting, and ultimately compiling these for publication and as a basis for workshops.

This study provides an orientation towards coping with stress management through salutogenic functioning. Six constructs, namely, sense of coherence, hardiness, self-efficacy, potency, learned resourcefulness and locus of control, were studied as it manifest amongst random sampled university administrative staff. The literature review focused on salutogenic functioning, coping and stress, integrated in the salutogenic personality profile. The results from the research revealed positive correlations between external locus of control and self-efficacy and meaningfulness, autonomy and self control, internal locus of control and meaningfulness, internal locus of control and meaningfulness, challenge and meaningfulness. Negative correlations existed between autonomy and self-efficacy and comprehensibility, potency and all locus of control dimensions, males and females differed in their self control and external control, black africans had the lowest score on external control, and there was no relationship between age and the constructs. Conclusions and recommendations were made regarding the optimisation of salutogenic functioning among university administrative staff. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

The research has worked towards the general aim of generating a synthesis of burnout in the nursing profession, and also towards coming to a synthesis of burnout in nursing from the perspective of the salutogenic paradigm. Existing knowledge from the literature has been consolidated and integrated, and 'new knowledge' of the phenomenological experience of the causes and symptoms of burnout and how nurses stay healthy, were presented. Firstly was discovered that burnout, over time is caused by various factors that are individual and personal and therefore not easily discovered by other than the phenomenological method, where the life world of each individual is described. Secondly, the study ofthe strengths that nurses exhibit in order to manage the tension and stress in their lives and not to succumb to illness, proved to be a sound and descriptive paradigm with great utilisation possibilities. Three answers to the salutogenic question, namely sense of coherence, hardiness and learned resourcefulness were presented in great detail. Thirdly, it was stated that the individual nurses and the nursing practice in general be made aware of: (1) the existence of burnout, (2) the contributing factors to burnout, (3) the various manifestations ofburnout at work and in the organisation, and (4) the coping strategies available to counter this problem in a positive and salutogenic manner. The phenomenological results of this research revealed a number of issues that have implications for both the prevention and treatment of burnout in nurses. The results especially established how nurses can operationalise their inherent salutogenic qualities. Specific salutogenic coping strategies emerged via the respondents. The research took a broad view of personality in health research. It studied the psychological processes underlying the observed connections between psychological variables and health outcomes. In order to study the operationalisation of these processes, a phenomenological, person-based approach was followed. They study focussed on health phenomena and the individual nurse was retained as the unit of analysis. This approach represented a movement away from a fragmented science, infatuated with technology and linked to a singular epistemology, towards a focus on the process and dynamics of personal experience. / Psychology / D. Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)

Learning disabilities are a life-long problem for many individuals. Besides the adjustments all adolescents experience in life, learning disabled adolescents must contend with academic problems at school which have a drastic effect on their selfesteem. This becomes particularly evident when these pupils face the demands of the secondary school syllabus where they have to be able to concentrate, read for information, memorise facts, answer questions and solve problems, and write assignments. By the time learning disabled adolescents reach secondary school they have already experienced so much failure that they become passive towards their studies. Teaching these pupils metacognitive learning strategies covering these skills helps them to become more independent learners. Through executive training procedures they are assisted to become more involved in their studies, the promotion of better self-regulation and self-monitoring is fostered, and as their scores improve, so does their motivation and selfconcept / Educational Studies / M.Ed. (Orthopedagogics)

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 30-November 02, 1995 / Riviera Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada / The UC Berkeley Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer (EUVE) Science Operations Center (ESOC) is developing and implementing knowledge-based software to automate the monitoring of satellite payload telemetry. Formerly, EUVE science payload data were received, archived, interpreted, and responded to during round-the-clock monitoring by human operators. Now, knowledge-based software will support, augment, and supplement human intervention. In response to and as a result of this re-engineering project, the creation, storage, revision, and communication of information (the information flow process) within the ESOC has been redesigned. We review the information flow process within the ESOC before, during, and after the re-engineering of telemetry monitoring. We identify six fundamental challenges we face in modifying the information flow process. (These modifications are necessary because of the shift from continuous human monitoring to a knowledge-based autonomous monitoring system with intermittent human response.) We describe the innovations we have implemented in the ESOC information systems, including innovations in each part of the information flow process for short-term or dynamic information (which changes or updates within a week) as well as for long-term or static information (which is valid for more than a week). We discuss our phased approach to these innovations, in which modifications were made in small increments and the lessons learned at each step were incorporated into subsequent modifications. We analyze some mistakes and present lessons learned from our experience.

Produktutveckling är en generellt riskfylld bransch med stora investeringar och många saker som kan gå fel under projektens gång. Genom att tidigt i projekt identifiera risker och problemområden är det också lättare att undvika att problem uppstår. Under detta examensarbete studerades tre svenska företags riskhanteringsprocess genom intervjuer av projektledare på företagen. Detta examensarbete redogör också för aktuell forskning inom riskhantering men fokuserar även på organisatoriskt lärande och vikten av kundkrav, kopplat till risker i produktutvecklingsprojekt. Målet med arbetet var att föreslå olika förbättrings- och implementeringsmöjligheter för företag i deras riskhanteringsarbete med avseende på deras befintliga produktutvecklingsprocess. Det som framkommit under denna studie tyder på att en stor förståelse av kundkrav, kombinerat med en tydlig projektstruktur och arbete med organisatoriskt lärande, kan användas för att identifiera och minimera risker i produktutvecklingsprojekt. När kundkrav är uttryckt i mätbara variabler kan dessa kommuniceras så att alla inblandade har samma förväntningar på projektet vilket då leder till en minskad osäkerhet och färre risker. Studien tyder på att det finns många krav som är svåra att definiera, men när organisationen arbetar aktivt för att bevara och sprida definitioner av kundkrav som de stött på i tidigare projekt kan missuppfattningar minska och tidsbesparingar göras. Genom att ha en tydlig struktur och projektprocess är det också möjligt att implementera lärdomar i organisationen, där företag kan använda befintliga system och avstämningsmöten för att bevara och sprida kunskap. / Product development is a generally risky business with great investments and numerous things that can go wrong during the projects. By defining risks and problem areas early in the projects, the occurrence of problems can be avoided. During this bachelor thesis the risk handling process of three Swedish companies were studied by interviewing project managers working there. This report also accounts for current research within risk management, as well as organizational learning and the importance of customer demands, in relation to risks in product development projects. The aim for this bachelor thesis was to give suggestions on how companies can improve their risk handling in regards to their existing product development process. This study indicates that a great understanding of customer demands, combined with a clear project structure and organizational learning, can be used to identify and minimize risks in product development projects. When the customer demands are expressed using metric variables they can also be communicated to the team so that everyone involved have the same expectations on the project, which leads to reduced uncertainties and fewer risks. The study indicates that many demands are difficult to define, but when the organization actively works to preserve and distribute definitions of customer demands that they have previously encountered, it leads to fewer misconceptions and helps reduce project delays. By using a clear structure and project process it is also possible to implement lessons learned into the organization, using existing systems and scheduled meetings as a way to preserve and distribute knowledge.

Au lendemain de la renaissance juridique du XIIe siècle et de la redécouverte des compilations de Justinien, les juristes médiévaux s’attachent à bâtir un principe général de prohibition des donations entre époux. Dès la première moitié du XIIIe siècle, civilistes et canonistes assouplissent cependant les restrictions, passant ainsi d’une prohibition stricte à un simple système de révocabilité. Les praticiens français, répondant aux demandes de conjoints soucieux de protéger le survivant, ont contribué à l’affaiblissement des entraves romaines et canoniques : serment promissoire, clause de renonciation, donation par personne interposée constituent autant d’expédients, parfois même empiriques et frauduleux. En dépit de ce long glissement doctrinal et des palliatifs élaborés par les notaires, des interdictions ont longtemps persisté dans la plupart des législations territoriales, rédigées et inlassablement réformées à l’aune du droit romain, du Moyen Âge central au début de l’Époque moderne. / Immediately following the juridical renaissance of the 12th century and the rediscovery of the Justinian codification of Roman law, medieval jurists were committed to creating a general principle prohibiting donations between spouses. As early as the first half of the 13th century, however, civil law experts and canonists modulated the restrictions, thereby moving from strict prohibition to a simple system of revocability. French practitioners, responding to requests from married people concerned to protect their surviving spouse, contributed to weakening the constraints of Roman and canon law; promissory oaths, renunciation clauses and donations through an intermediary comprised such contrivances, which were sometimes even improvised and fraudulent. Despite this long doctrinal slide and the palliatives drawn up by notaries, such interdictions persisted over a long period of time in most territorial legislations, redrafted and repeatedly reformed according to the standards of Roman law from the high Middle Ages to the beginning of the modern times.