Improving color matching skills requires a specifically designed interface as much as well-calculated feedback on the underlying color model. This thesis relates to the production of a game for learning HSL and elaborates on learning patterns with regard to hue and game progression. A quantification of learning based on performance variation is proposed. In an effort to balance data quantity and relevance, several variables of pure analysis interest are defined. Results on learning inhomogeneities are presented through Hue Learning Curves with streamgraphs and detailed bar charts. The consequences of design choices and gameplay on performance and learning are discussed.

Introduction: As the number of minimally invasive technologies increases in the field of thoracic surgery, so have the number of learning curve analyses performed for these innovations. Variation in learning curve methodology makes between-study comparisons and evidence syntheses difficult. Furthermore, poorly described and reported learning curve analyses make the results difficult to apply to different clinical settings. The objective of this systematic review is to characterize the variability in the methods used to construct and describe learning curves, with the goal of identifying shortcomings and potential areas for improvement in this line of research. Methods: A search of Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, EBSCO CINAHL, and Web of Science was performed. Studies of learning curves of anatomical lung resection operations in adult patients published in the English language were eligible for inclusion. Two reviewers independently assessed studies for eligibility, and extracted relevant data. Results: The search yielded 56 articles eligible for inclusion in the present review. A variety of methods were used to construct the learning curve, with chronological grouping of cases being the most commonly used technique in 22 (39.29%) studies, followed by the cumulative sum method, employed in 21 (37.50%) studies. A total of 15 unique metrics were used for learning curve analyses; operative time was the most common metric, used in 39 (69.64%) studies. A large proportion of studies failed to provide details on learning curve parameters such as competency thresholds, surgeon’s prior experience, case complexity, and learning curve definition. Considerable heterogeneity was found in the methods and reporting standards of learning curve evaluations in minimally invasive thoracic surgery. Conflicts of Interest: None. Funding Source: Boris Family Centre for Robotic Surgery. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Актуальность темы обусловлена потребностью школы в создании автоматизированной информационной системы для тестирования учеников и отработки учебного материала с инструментарием для анализа результатов, чтобы с помощью данной системы повысить качество образовательной программы и автоматизировать процесс проверки пройденных школьниками тестов. Научная новизна состоит в том, что создана информационная система, располагающая инструментами сбора и анализа данных для исследований, разработана формула для расчета показателя уровня усвоения материала учеников для построения кривой обучения. Практическая значимость заключается в том, что данная информационная система будет применяться в школе для отработки учебного материала и анализа результатов учеников. / The relevance of the topic is due to the need of the school to create an automated information system for testing students and working out educational material with tools for analyzing the results in order to use this system to improve the quality of the educational program and automate the process of checking the tests passed by students. The scientific novelty consists in the fact that an information system has been created that has tools for collecting and analyzing data for research, a formula has been developed for calculating the indicator of the level of assimilation of students' material to build a learning curve. The practical significance lies in the fact that this information system will be used at school to work out educational material and analyze the results of students.

Актуальность данной работы обусловлена тем, что изучение того или иного навыка нуждается в постоянной оценке для дальнейшей корректировки при составлении индивидуальной обучающей траектории. Научная новизна заключается в формировании и практическом применении методики анализа действий пользователей учебной информационной системы с учетом индивидуальных кривых обучения. Практическая значимость состоит в том, что данная методика на основе анализа кривых обучения может быть применена при изучении любого навыка. / The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the study of a particular skill needs constant evaluation for further adjustment when compiling an individual learning trajectory. Scientific novelty lies in the formation and practical methodology application for analyzing the users’ actions of educational information system considering individual learning curves. The practical significance is in the fact that this technique, based on the analysis of learning curves, can be applied to study of any skill.

No description available.

Einleitung: Die zirkumferentielle Pulmonalvenenablation (CPVA) hat sich in den letzten Jahren als effektive Therapie bei Vorhofflimmern etabliert. Die Initiierung eines CPVA-Programms bleibt jedoch aufgrund der Komplexität der Prozedur und des Risikos lebensgefährlicher Komplikationen eine Herausforderung. Das Ziel dieser prospektiven Studie war es, die Effizienz und Sicherheit eines neuetablierten CPVA-Programms an einem medizinischen Zentrum mit zuvor wenig erfahrenen Untersuchern zu evaluieren.  Methoden und Ergebnisse: Zwischen 2006 und 2011 wurden 331 Patienten mit paroxysmalem und persistierendem Vorhofflimmern konsekutiv der zirkumferentiellen Pulmonalvenenablation zugeführt und unterzogen sich insgesamt 500 Prozeduren. Das mittlere Follow-Up betrug 648 ± 315 Tage. Die zunehmende Ablationspraxis führte neben der Prozessoptimierung zu einer deutlichen Reduzierung schwerwiegender Komplikationen. Prozedurdauer und Komplikationsrate erreichten nach 100 Ablationen ein stabiles und im Lichte der internationalen Literatur adäquates Niveau. Die Inzidenz schwerwiegender Komplikationen verringerte sich auf 1,3 - 1,9%. Insgesamt betrug der Anteil schwerwiegender Komplikationen 4%. Der Tod trat nicht auf. Keine der aufgetretenen Komplikationen führte zu einer permanenten Gesundheitsbeeinträchtigung der Patienten. Die Erfolgsraten waren seit Beginn des Programms auf einem konstanten Niveau und vergleichbar mit in der Literatur beschriebenen Werten.  Schlussfolgerung: Die vorliegende Studie zeigt, dass es gelingt, ein CPVA-Programm mit zuvor wenig erfahrenen Untersuchern effizient zu etablieren. Die Daten zeigen jedoch auch, dass mit einer erhöhten Komplikationsrate in der frühen Etablierungsphase zu rechnen ist. Nach 1,6 ± 0,7 Ablationen und einer Nachbeobachtung von einem Jahr waren 81,3% (266 / 327) der Patienten frei von symptomatischem Vorhofflimmern. Die Reablation ist eine wichtige Maßnahme, um die Erfolgsrate nachhaltig zu verbessern. Die Studie identifizierte Frührezidive innerhalb der Blanking-Periode und einen vergrößerten linken Vorhof als unabhängige Prädiktoren für die Rekurrenz von symptomatischem Vorhofflimmern.  Vor dem Hintergrund des steigenden Bedarfs an effektiven Therapien zur Behandlung von Vorhofflimmern sind die Ergebnisse dieser Studie hilfreich, um weitere CPVA-Programme zu planen und zu etablieren.

Master of Science / Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering / Chih-Hang John Wu / The University of Kansas Medical Center’s Emergency Department is adopting a new residency program. In the past, generalized Residents have supported attending physicians during a required three month rotation in the Emergency Department. As of July 2010, the University of Kansas Medical Center’s Emergency Department has switched to a dedicated Emergency Medicine Residency program that allows recently graduated physicians the opportunity enter the field of Emergency Medicine. This thesis shows that although not initially a dedicated residency program provides an advantage to the Emergency Department. Discrete Event Simulations have been used to predict changes in processes, policies, and practices in many different fields. The models run quickly, and can provide a basis for future actions without the cost of actually implementing changes in policies or procedures. This thesis applies a learning curve in a Simulation Model in order to provide data that the University of Kansas Medical Center’s Emergency Department can utilize to make decisions about their new Residency Program. A generalized learning curve was used for the base model and compared to all alternatives. When it was compared with an alternative curve following a Sigmoid Function (Logistic Function), there were no significant differences. Ultimately, a Gompertz Curve is suggested for hospitals attempting to develop or improve their residency programs using learning curves because it is easily fitted to their desired shape. This thesis shows the effect that Residents have on the performance of the Emergency Department as a whole. The two major components examined for the generalized learning curve were the initial position for first year residents determined by the variable [alpha], and the shape of the curve determined by the variable [beta]. Individual changes the value of [alpha] had little effect. Varying values of [beta] have shown that smaller values elongate the shape of the curve, prolonging the amount of time it takes for a resident to perform at the level of the attending physician. Each resident’s personal value of [beta] can be used to evaluate the performance in the emergency department. Resident’s who’s [beta] value are smaller the emergency department’s expected value might have trouble performing.

No description available.

Developing countries are increasing their adoption of information systems at the country level now. One important aspect distinguishing the implementation of information systems in developing countries from that in developed countries is that developing countries usually lack the resources and capability for training and support, and the workers need to learn to use the system from their own experience. Thus, a better understanding of the workers’ learning-by-doing after the implementation of an information system in developing countries may have important theoretical and practical implications, but empirical evidence on this issue remains limited. This dissertation seeks to fill in the gap by investigating workers’ learning-by-doing after the implementation of an information system at two levels. First, it studies how an individual customs agent’ experience preparing and submitting customs documents influences her performance in document preparation and submission tasks. Second, it also examines how an agent-inspector dyad’s experience working together affects the performance of customs inspection tasks completed through the cooperation of the dyad. The first chapter provides an overview of the dissertation. The second chapter examines how the relatedness of workers’ prior experience affects their learning-by-doing and operational performance in service work. Prior research has viewed relatedness along a single dimension. However, tasks and the underlying knowledge required for task performance can vary along multiple attributes. This chapter extends prior conceptualizations of relatedness by defining it as a multi-dimensional construct and also accounting for the level of task relatedness between different categories in each task dimension. It separates the level of workers’ experience from the relatedness of their experience, and then link the two constructs to workers’ task performance, including their efficiency and quality. Analyzing data on the processing of 998,258 import customs declarations in Costa Rica from 2006-2010, the second chapter finds that customs agents, the major workers processing the customs declarations, learn from their experience to improve their time to complete the task but not their quality of completion. Moreover, it finds that the relatedness of customs agents’ experience to their current task is positively related to the quality of task completion but has a U-shape relationship with completion time, such that the completion time first decreases with and then increases with an increase in customs agents' experience relatedness. The chapter also finds that the impact of customs agents’ experience relatedness is enhanced when the agents have more experience. Overall, the results highlight the role of experience relatedness in workers’ performance in learning-by-doing service work, and help to identify ways for managers to improve different operational performance measures. Many service tasks are completed by dyads rather than by an individual worker. In this setting, the individuals in the dyad not only need to acquire knowledge about the task, but also have to learn to work with each other. Thus, individuals’ experience working together may have significant performance implications for dyads. However, this effect remains largely unexamined, especially when there are conflicts within the dyad. In the third chapter, it theorizes how a dyad’s experience working together influences the dyad’s task performance, and label it as a learning-by-working-together effect. The chapter further proposes that the impact of dyad experience can vary across tasks with different levels of complexity, goal conflict, and combinations of the two. It examines learning-by-working-together in a setting where there is goal conflict, but the dyad must work together to complete the task: customs inspections. Based on a field study on data of 323,520 customs inspections in Costa Rica, the third chapter shows that the number of prior interactions between a customs agent and a customs inspector is positively associated with the agent-inspector dyad’s efficiency in customs inspection. In addition, it demonstrates that the impact of an agent-inspector dyad’s experience working together is greater for high-complexity tasks than for low-complexity tasks, and weaker for high-conflict tasks than for low-conflict tasks. It also shows that due to a joint effect of task complexity and task-level goal conflict, dyad experience exhibits the largest impact on the performance of high-complexity, high-conflict tasks. The chapter discusses the implications of our results for the study of learning curves and for the practice.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine how a constructive introduction and training can be executed for new employees. Based on the purpose there has been two research questions formulated. -  What factors are important to take into consideration in the introduction and training of new employees? -  How can an introduction and training be designed? Method – The study has included a case study of a manufacturing company. Empirical data have been collected through methods of interview, survey and document studies. The study is inductive since the research area has first been studied without anchoring in theory. Based on the data collection, theory has been applied through literature studies. To fulfill the purpose and answer the research questions, the data collection and theory have been analyzed. Findings – Several factors should be considered when implementing a constructive introduction and training of new employees. Details such as standardization, learning, corporate culture, supervision, follow-up, documents and visualization are important to take into account. It is essential for companies to have a standardized way of working where it is ensured who shall implement the instruction, what they shall instruct and how it should be done. This can lead to quality assurance in the introduction and training. One way that companies can standardize and design the introduction and training process is by using Job Instructions. In this way, companies get to divide the process into important elements and the opportunity to review relevant factors. Implications – The study can be used for manufacturing companies regarding how the introduction and training process of newly hired can be designed. The study is based on already existing theories and does not contribute with new theories. Relevant factors of the process have been identified to give new employees the competence to be able to perform their tasks in an efficient and correct manner. Limitations – The study has been limited to one case study company within manufacturing industry, which may affect generalizability. The report only concerns the introduction and training of newly hired staff. Newly hired staff refers to blue collar workers and not white collar. Restrictions followed by the COVID-19 pandemic have limited the availability of data collection. It has also affected the company's routines, which brought the study to not examine the company's normal condition. / Syfte – Rapportens syfte är att undersöka hur en konstruktiv introduktion och upplärning kan gå till för nyanställda. Baserat på syftet har två frågeställningar formulerats. -  Vilka faktorer är viktiga att ta hänsyn till vid introduktion och upplärning av nyanställda? -  Hur kan en introduktion och upplärning utformas? Metod – Studien har innefattat en fallstudie på ett tillverkande företag. Empirisk data har insamlats via metoderna intervju, enkät och dokumentstudier. Studien är induktiv eftersom forskningsområdet har först studerats utan förankring i teori. Baserat på datainsamlingen har sedan teori tillämpats genom litteraturstudier. För att uppfylla syftet och besvara frågeställningarna har datainsamlingen och teorin analyserats. Resultat – Flera faktorer bör has i åtanke när det kommer till hur en utformning av en konstruktiv introduktion och upplärning kan gå till för nyanställda. Detaljer som standardisering, inlärning, företagskultur, handledning, uppföljning, dokumentation och visualisering är viktiga att ta hänsyn till. Det är väsentligt för företag att ha ett standardiserat arbetssätt där det säkerställts vilka som ska genomföra instruktionen, vad de skall instruera och hur detta ska gå till väga. Det kan medföra försäkring av kvalitet i introduktionen och upplärningen. Ett sätt som företag kan standardisera och utforma introduktions- och upplärningsprocessen är genom att använda sig av Job Instructions. På så sätt kan företag dela upp processen i viktiga moment och möjlighet till översyn av relevanta faktorer. Implikationer – Studien kan användas för tillverkande företag gällande hur introduktions- och upplärningsprocessen av nyanställd personal kan utformas. Studien utgår från redan existerande teorier och bidrar inte med nya teorier. Relevanta faktorer av processen har identifierats för att ge nyanställda kompetensen att kunna utföra sina arbetsuppgifter på ett effektivt och korrekt sätt. Begränsningar – Studien har begränsats till ett fallföretag inom tillverkningsindustrin vilket kan påverka generaliserbarheten. Rapporten berör endast introduktionen och upplärningen av nyanställd personal. Nyanställd personal berör enbart kollektivanställda och inte tjänstemän. Restriktioner som följts av COVID-19 pandemin har begränsat tillgängligheten för insamling av data. Det har även påverkat företagets rutiner vilket har gjort att studien inte undersökt företagets normala tillstånd.