The aim of this study was to gain an increased knowledge of what it is that makes a woman who is or has been subjected to violence, by a man with whom she had a close relationship, leaves. With the study, we wanted to get an insight into what made the break-up possible and examine the importance of the people around her, to understand how we better can provide the support she needs both before, during and after the break-up. The empiric material consisted of eight semi-structured qualitative interviews based on an interview guide with eight women who had been subjected to violence by a male partner. The material has been analysed through the exit theory and the normalization process of violence, and related to previous research on the subject. The results and the conclusions shows that the man after some time began to show new sides, and a period of mental degradation through isolation and psychological violence followed, which made many of the women start thinking about leaving. Breaking up proved to be difficult and often consisted of several attempts before the final leave. A specific event with particularly severe violence or that he became a danger for her or the children’s lives proved to be common reasons for her to leave, because it gave her the strength she needed or because she simply had to. We found that the women often were exposed to the man's violence even after the break-up and that violence could be perceived as worse than the relationship itself. After leaving, the understanding comes, and a long period of depression, therapy and sick leave follows. The need for support and help from the woman's network turned out to be the greatest after the break-up. Several women withdrew to report to the police due to fear of not being believed. We found that police reporting, interrogations and the legal process that followed could have a healing effect if the woman felt believed and confirmed, but an opposite effect if she was met with incomprehension. The women seemed to find it easier to absorb information about intimate partner violence from social media than from information leaflets from authorities and organizations. Sharing their own story on social media contributed to both healing and processing. It was also easier to talk to strangers on social media about what you have been exposed to, because of the anonymity.

Male violence against women in intimate partner relationships is a global public health problem and a serious crime, but remains largely underreported. The overall ain of this thesis was, by means of an interdisciplinary approach and from the perspectives of gender, public health and law, to gain a deeper understanding of the situation of abused women, by studying, on one hand, their leaving processes and, on the other, the consequences of the violence for their health. On the basis of this information, a further aim was to increase knowledge of the quality and effect of gender relations in the practical application of the law. The point of departure was that the different perspectives should not be consodered separately but should be seen in context. The thesis describes the prcess for abused women, from the violent relationship and the break-up, the health consequences caused by the violence to the practical application of the law. The thesis consists of four studies (I-IV). An initial qualitative study (I) showed that the leaving process for abused women is fearful, complex and long-lasting. The analysis also revealed a gradual development of strong emotional bonds towards the men on the part of the women. Study II was a combination of qualitative in-depth interviews and quantitative measurements and confirmed former studies regarding the negative health consequences caused by the violence, in particular symptoms of complex PTSD. Study III, examining preliminary investiagtions concerning reported crimes of intimate partner violence, showed that there is still a lack of crminal justice for abused women even if the frequency of cases leading to prosecution was fairly high. In study IV court case records were examined by means of a qualitative method inspired by discourse analysis to determine whether gender is (re)constructed in court practice, and how the process works. The analysis of this particular sample indicated that the practical application of law is influenced by an old-fashioned and stereotypical view of violence, sexuality, men and women. the legal discourses retain and reproduce the gender order. The overall results of the separate studies reinforce the importance of gaining a broader understanding of men's violence against women in intimate partner relationships.

The purpose of this study is to examine the leaving process of girls, who have been exposed to honor-related violence and oppression, thereby creating knowledge to provide suitable and useful support for these women. The theories we have used in this study is shame, guilt and the process of role exit. In our qualitative study, content analysis is used as an analysis method. The study was conducted through analyses of five autobiographical stories written by women who have been exposed to honor-related violence and oppression in Sweden. The results of the study shows that Holmberg and Enanders (2011) theory of the leaving process isn’t designed and adapted to be applicable in an honorary context, which we with our study have contributed to make viable. Feelings of guilt and shame appear frequently in the women's stories. A conclusion we have drawn about honor related violence and oppression is that it is a complex phenomenon that is difficult to define, this result is in line with previous research.

The main topic of this thesis concentrates on the adolescents' leaving process from foster families in our Czech territory. The aim of the presented thesis is a deeper exploration of the leaving process preparation from foster families and circumstances connected with it. The theoretical part of this thesis is divided into three chapters. The first of them deals with the adolescence period with its developmental specifics. The second one describes foster care and its partition in the Czech legislative system. The same one also presents available Czech and foreign research. The last chapter focuses on the two topics: the leaving process of adolescents from foster care from a legislative point of view and how it names participants who contribute to this leaving process. At last, it shows some useful Czech social care services for adults. The practical part of the thesis presents a realised qualitative study with three groups who contributed on foster care in the Czech area. These involved groups were adolescents (16+), their foster mothers who share the same household and social workers. This research tried to bring answers for the questions about the adolescents' leaving process from long-term foster care and other similar topics which deal with it. The results of the research were deeply analysed...

This study aims to examine how employees from protected shelters perceive that abused women on partner visas have experienced the leaving process and thereafter understand the possible impacts a person’s migration background can have. The study is based on five qualitative interviews with six employees from different protective shelters in Sweden, where results were analyzed through thematic analysis and based on intersectional theory. Results in this study show that oppressive norms and cultural traditions forces the women to remain in the relationship, and that being new in Sweden makes it more difficult for them to leave their spouses. The immigration legislation disadvantages these women, as the fear of deportation increases the risk of these women staying longer in abusive relationships with the protection rule being applied very restrictively setting requirements for evidence that are difficult to achieve. The decision to leave is often based on the women having been exposed to severe physical abuse that has required the authorities to intervene, the fear of harm to or losing children, and/or that the women have been supported and given information by outside sources.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka vilka faktorer som möjliggör för unga vuxna som vuxit upp i en hederskontext att bryta sig loss från dess hedersnormer. Hedersnormer kan innebära ett strukturerat levnadssätt från familjens och släktens påtryckningar, att bryta sig loss från hedersnormerna kan medföra ett uppbrott från gemenskapen. Detta är en kvalitativ studie som baseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra unga vuxna som vuxit upp i en hederskontext. Alla intervjupersoner var mellan 20 och 25 år gamla och bor i Sverige. Studien besvarar följande frågeställningar: Vad har de unga vuxna för egen uppfattning om hederskontexten de själva har vuxit upp i? Vilka faktorer bidrar till att de unga vuxna kan bryta sig loss från hedersnormerna inom hederskontexten? Hur lever de unga vuxna som vill lämna hederskontexten i dagsläget? Resultaten visar att hederskontexten och dess hedersnormer formar de unga vuxnas liv och begränsar deras individualitet. Intervjupersonerna som växte upp i en hederskontext vill leva fritt utan begränsningar, normer och regler för att kunna utveckla självständiga liv som att få välja sin egen trosuppfattning, partner och livsstil. Intervjupersonerna befann sig i olika stadier av att bryta sig loss från hederskontexten, men alla hade olika bidragande faktorer som har hjälpt eller skulle kunna hjälpa dem att bryta sig loss. Bidragande faktorer som förekom i resultaten var studier och utbildning, flytt till en annan stad, att vara ekonomiskt oberoende, individens psykiska förhållningssätt samt omgivningen och dess motivation och stöd. / The purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that make it possible for young adults who have grown up in an honor-based context to break free from its norms. Honor-based norms can mean a structured way of living, from the family and relatives pressure, and breaking free from honor-based norms can mean breaking free from the community. This is a qualitative study, based on semi-structured interviews with four young adults who grew up in an honor-based context. All interviewees were aged between 20 and 25 years old and live in Sweden. The study addresses the following questions: What is the young adults’ perception of the honor-based context in which they grew up? What factors contribute to the young adults' ability to break free from honor-based norms? How is life today for these young adults who wanted to leave the honor-based context? The results show that the honor-based context and its associated norms shape the lives of the young adults and limit their individuality. The interviewees who grew up in an honor-based context desire to live without restrictions, norms and rules in order to develop independent lives such as choosing their own beliefs, partners and lifestyle. The interviewees were at different stages of breaking free from their honor-based contexts, but each had varying contributing factors that have helped or could help them to break free. Contributing factors found in the results were education, moving to another city, being financially independent, the individual's psychological attitude and the people surrounding them with their motivation and support.