Visando a uma melhoria na qualidade e precisão dos serviços de pesquisa jurisprudencial dos tribunais de justiça, a presente dissertação propõe a identificação automática de termos, ou sentenças, relevantes em um corpus de documentos jurisprudenciais. Cada termo identificado deve ser relacionado a um conceito que represente o seu significado no domínio da jurisprudência, compondo assim um indivíduo deste domínio. Ao final, cada indivíduo deve ser armazenado em uma base de conhecimentos, possibilitando, assim, pesquisas semânticas sobre os documentos. Para alcançar tais objetivos, são propostos métodos para extração de sentenças relevantes e para a construção de uma ontologia de aplicação para representação de acórdãos. Na seqüência são propostos ainda métodos de navegação e pesquisa na ontologia. Na extração de sentenças são abordadas técnicas de Mineração de Textos, tais como Extração de Sentenças, Análise de Expressões Regulares, Stemming, Stop-words e Vocabulários Controlados. A construção da ontologia segue a metodologia OTKM, utilizando-se também de linguagens de representação de conhecimento, tais com DL, RDF e OWL. Par a navegação na ontologia é abordada a framework Jena. Para pesquisas na ontologia é abordada a linguagem de consultas SPARQL. Para validar os métodos aqui propostos, foram construídos uma ontologia de aplicação para o domínio de acórdãos, bem como um aplicativo para gestão do conhecimento dos acórdãos baseado na ontologia. O aplicativo inclui rotinas de extração de conhecimento de um corpus de acórdãos, de população da ontologia com os conhecimentos extraídos e de pesquisa semântica sobre a ontologia populada. A ontologia bem como o conhecimento extraído de 50 acórdãos foram submetidos à crítica por especialistas em jurisprudência. Ao final, a rotina de pesquisa semântica foi submetida a uma experimentação com a ontologia populada por 15 mil acórdãos, todos extraídos da base de jurisprudência real do Tribunal de Justiça do Estado do Paraná. Os resultados obtidos nos experimentos demonstraram que a abordagem foi satisfatória tanto na indexação dos documentos como na pesquisa semântica, demonstrando que a ontologia desenvolvida responde aos requisitos da aplicação. / Aiming at improving the quality and accuracy of jurisprudential search services of the courts of justice, this dissertation proposes the automatic identification of relevant terms, or sentences, in a corpus of jurisprudential documents. Each identified term should be related to a concept that represents its meaning in the domain of jurisprudence, thus instancing an individual of that domain. At the end, each individual must be stored in knowledge base, thus enabling semantic queries over the documents. To achieve these objectives, methods were proposed for the extraction of relevant sentences and to build an application ontology for the representation of judgments. Furthermore, ontology navigation and search methods were proposed. For the extraction of sentences, several Text Mining techniques were used, such as Sentence Extraction, Analysis of Regular Expressions, Stemming, Stop-words and Controlled Vocabularies. The construction of the ontology followed the methodology OTKM and used some knowledge representation languages, such as DL, RDF and OWL. The Jena framework was applied for navigation in the ontology. SPARQL queries language was applied for search in the ontology. To validate the methods here proposed, an application ontology for the domain of judgments were built, as well as a knowledge management application to the judgments based on the ontology. The application includes routines for knowledge extraction from a corpus of judgments, population of the ontology with the extracted knowledge and then semantic search on the populated ontology. The ontology. The ontology and the knowledge extracted from 50 judgments were submitted to criticism by experts in jurisprudence. At the end, the semantic search routine was experimented with the ontology populated by 15,000 judgments, all extracted from the actual jurisprudence base of the Court of Paraná, a state of Brazil. The results obtained in the experiments demonstrated that the approach was satisfactory in both the indexing of documents as well as in the semantic search, showing that the developed ontology meets the application requirements.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:48:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana_Clara_Correa_Henning_Dissertacao.pdf: 3046106 bytes, checksum: 97978ea91cad45ee86b8cfa5e47eccde (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-11-14 / This thesis follows Curricular Research, Professionalization and Teaching Studies, and is based on investigation of Cultural Studies, Basil Bernstein s analyses on classification and framing, Boaventura de Souza Santos interpretation of the paradigmatic transition of contemporary science, as well as Max Horkheimer s and Theodor Adorno s analyses on the dual relationship between instrumental and emancipative reason. The teacher s proposal of curricular recontextualization of legal practice and research encompassing theoretical, jurisprudential and field research was performed by three professors and was put into practice by twenty-one undergraduate students attending the first and second terms of the Law Course at Anhanguera Educational/Atlântico Sul College in Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, from March to December 2007 and, in two specific cases, up to the beginning of 2008. The activities included curricular components of Legal Science Methodology, Legal Anthropology and Legal Sociology. The pedagogic practice aimed to build emancipative and critical knowledge by means of interdisciplinary and multicultural research that was able to connect academic legal knowledge to the popular and practical lore of groups and local communities, eventually providing students with a broader, more inclusive view of law. For such it intended to modify the traditional pedagogic code of Law Courses, which is based on the Positivist Theory, by investing on flexibility of power and social control, being guided by the characteristics of the emerging paradigm according to the theorization used in the initial proposal. A case study of qualitative approach was performed by means of semistructured interviews whose results confirmed the possibility of inverting the poles of western rationality, however small, and that of building emancipative knowledge directed towards the autonomy of thought in students, the critical analysis of state law, and the addition of other legal rules, prepared and applied by local communities. / A presente dissertação foi desenvolvida na Linha de Pesquisa Currículo, Profissionalização e Trabalho Docente, tendo por fundamentos principais as investigações acerca dos Estudos Culturais, de Basil Bernstein, especialmente sobre classificação e enquadramento, Boaventura de Sousa Santos e a transição paradigmática da ciência contemporânea e Max Horkheimer e Theodor Adorno, quanto à relação dual entre razão instrumental e emancipatória. Nesse texto é examinada a proposta docente de recontextualização curricular da prática de pesquisa jurídica, abrangendo a pesquisa teórica, jurisprudencial e de campo, realizada por três professores e efetivada por vinte e um alunos do primeiro e do segundo semestre do Curso de Direito da Anhanguera Educacional/Faculdade Atlântico Sul de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, entre março e dezembro de 2007, e, em dois casos, estendendo-se até o começo de 2008, em atividade envolvendo os componentes curriculares de Metodologia da Ciência do Direito, Antropologia Jurídica e Sociologia Jurídica. Essa prática pedagógica teve como objetivo construir um conhecimento emancipatório e crítico através de uma investigação transdisciplinar e multicultural, que conectasse o saber acadêmico-jurídico com os saberes populares e práticos de grupos e comunidades locais e que, ao final, proporcionasse aos alunos uma percepção de direito mais ampla e inclusiva. Para isso, pretendeu modificar o código pedagógico tradicional dos cursos de Direito, baseado na escola positivista, investindo na flexibilização do poder e do controle social e orientando-se pelas características do paradigma emergente, segundo as teorizações utilizadas na proposta inicial. Foi realizado um estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa, por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, cujos resultados confirmaram a possibilidade da inversão dos pólos da racionalidade ocidental, ainda que de maneira tênue, e da construção de um conhecimento-emancipação junto aos alunos, voltado à autonomia de pensamento, à análise crítica do direito estatal e à inclusão de outros regramentos jurídicos, elaborados e aplicados pelas comunidades locais.

This dissertation analyzed court decisions in injuries on school grounds cases under the Louisiana Governmental Claims Act. The question addressed was: How have the Louisiana courts interpreted the Louisiana Governmental Claims Act in litigation against Louisiana school districts and their employees? The intent of this study was to show how Louisiana's legal system has evolved, and how that evolution affected tort cases involving school boards and school board employees. Doctrinal legal research was the methodology used to answer the research question. To limit the number of cases analyzed, this study only focused on tort claims involving injury on school property. In order to gain a broad perspective, tort claims cases filed prior to the 1974 Louisiana Constitution, cases filed after the 1974 Louisiana Constitution, and cases filed after the 1995 Louisiana Liability Limits Amendment, and the Louisiana Governmental Claims Act of 1996 were analyzed. By analyzing the tort claims brought against Louisiana school districts and employees during the various time-periods, it was clear to see how the case rulings reflected the frequent changes of the Louisiana Constitution and its' laws. In the end, the state continued to control who could sue them and how much they would pay in damages.

World-wide, the nature, purpose and existence of private education has evoked intense interest and controversial debate. For many, private education presents a legal-moral dilemma. On the one hand, it is recognised as a fundamental right in terms of freedom of association, religion and culture. On the other, it raises perplexing moral and philosophical issues about social exclusivity, selectivity and elitism. Notwithstanding the equally compelling legal, social, economic, educational and political arguments for and against private education, private schools in South Africa, which are increasing in number, continue to form an essential and permanent part of the education system. Private education is a complex subject which can be researched from a myriad of perspectives. This study is essentially a legal enquiry into the legal status of private schools in South Africa within the new democratic constitutional dispensation and how the law affects the organisation, governance and management of private schools. To this end, the study is confined to a discussion on legal aspects relating to private school governance, public funding of private schools, teachers' appointments and discipline, student admission and discipline and religious freedom. In discussing the legal context of such topics, a number of issues emerged concerning the complex nature and diversity of private schools, the relationship between the State and the private school sector, the right of private schools to exist and the implications of the bill of rights for private schools. Furthermore, the study raises challenging questions about the issues of choice, autonomy, religious freedom and diversity, which lie at the heart of the establishment and maintenance of private schools in a democratic society. Finally, one of the difficulties of conducting such a study is that South African law is complex and changing, and it is still in a state of evolution, given the recentness of the Constitution and the bill of rights. This means that while some legal issues pertaining to private schools are fairly well settled, for the most part it is not possible to provide a comprehensive or definitive statement about complex and often highly sensitive issues but merely to pose various legal-education questions and problems for consideration. In time, many of the issues raised will no doubt be settled by the courts / Educational Leadership and Management / D.Ed. (Educational Management

World-wide, the nature, purpose and existence of private education has evoked intense interest and controversial debate. For many, private education presents a legal-moral dilemma. On the one hand, it is recognised as a fundamental right in terms of freedom of association, religion and culture. On the other, it raises perplexing moral and philosophical issues about social exclusivity, selectivity and elitism. Notwithstanding the equally compelling legal, social, economic, educational and political arguments for and against private education, private schools in South Africa, which are increasing in number, continue to form an essential and permanent part of the education system. Private education is a complex subject which can be researched from a myriad of perspectives. This study is essentially a legal enquiry into the legal status of private schools in South Africa within the new democratic constitutional dispensation and how the law affects the organisation, governance and management of private schools. To this end, the study is confined to a discussion on legal aspects relating to private school governance, public funding of private schools, teachers' appointments and discipline, student admission and discipline and religious freedom. In discussing the legal context of such topics, a number of issues emerged concerning the complex nature and diversity of private schools, the relationship between the State and the private school sector, the right of private schools to exist and the implications of the bill of rights for private schools. Furthermore, the study raises challenging questions about the issues of choice, autonomy, religious freedom and diversity, which lie at the heart of the establishment and maintenance of private schools in a democratic society. Finally, one of the difficulties of conducting such a study is that South African law is complex and changing, and it is still in a state of evolution, given the recentness of the Constitution and the bill of rights. This means that while some legal issues pertaining to private schools are fairly well settled, for the most part it is not possible to provide a comprehensive or definitive statement about complex and often highly sensitive issues but merely to pose various legal-education questions and problems for consideration. In time, many of the issues raised will no doubt be settled by the courts / Educational Leadership and Management / D.Ed. (Educational Management