The diploma thesis deals with the leisure time of children at second stage of elementary school. It identifies differences in leisure time of children living in the city and in the countryside. In the theoretical part the leisure time is processed, functions of leisure time and function of education in the leisure time. Further there are defined leisure time interest activities, there is explained the organization and disorganization of leisure time. There are also described places where children can spend their leisure time. In the thesis there is briefly described the physical and mental development of the child´s older school age. For the practical part it was chosen the questionnaire method. There are set goals and assumptions of the research. The investigation was attended by pupils from three schools, one school of urban and two rural schools in the district of Sušice. The identified differences in leisure time of children in the city and in the countryside are summarized in the conclusion of the thesis.

In this essay we will highlight the professional role and development of teachers and recreation centers during the 20th century. We will use the research of, among others, Finn Calander and Ann Pihlgren who have investigated and discussed the development of the recreation centers throughout the 20th century. The theoretical basis for the work is social constructivism and the socio-cultural perspective. By using this theories, we will attempt to explain how the recreation center and the recreations center teachers work has evolved and what has driven this development. Furthermore, we will discuss the impact that the teachers’ certification has on the school centers’ teachers and their work. The teachers’ certification has caused some confusion regarding the purpose of the recreation center teachers' mission, both in the universities where the new recreation center teachers’ are trained and among the recreation teachers. We will compare our reasoning to Lgr 11 to see what the governing documents provides in terms of guidelines and guidance for the recreation center teacher profession. The informants who have been interviewed in this work are four recreation center teacher with several years of experience in the profession. The schools where we conducted the interviews, were chosen on the basis of our prior internships there, and due to their geographical locations. The informants were interviewed about the schools they had previous experience of the profession and any disparity they experienced between their assigned work and the actual work, as well as, whether this had changed significantly during their time in the profession. The interviewed informants described that they are no longer comfortable in the professional role they serve at schools as they feel more like extra teachers, something which they have not at all received training for, rather than the recreation center teachers that they are.

The purpose has been to investigate leisure-time centers actual work on children with attention deficit disorder. In addition, the study strives to make leisure-time centers way of working, in relation to their assignments, visible. The study has also compared how the leisure-time centers work and what the research says. The survey was conducted with the help of three exploratory interviews with pedagogues and three-piece observations at the leisure-time centers. It was carried out at three different schools in two counties in Sweden.The results of the survey show that the schools are trying to create clear procedures, though the centers succeed with this in varied degrees. Likewise, pedagogues at the centers have the theoretical knowledge of how they can help children with difficulties, but the working methods that is designed to work for all children is diverse. Practical things to consider in work concerning children with attention difficulties is to always have well-planned activities and it is important to have a good approach to these children. / Syftet har varit att undersöka fritidshemmets faktiska arbete kring barn med koncentrationssvårigheter. Dessutom har syftet varit att synliggöra fritidshemmets arbete i relation till deras uppdrag, samt studera hur fritidshemmet arbetar kring dessa barn i jämförelse med vad forskningen rekommenderar. Undersökningen har genomförts med hjälp av tre stycken explorativa intervjuer med fritidspedagoger, och tre stycken observationer på fritidshem på tre olika skolor fördelat på två län.Resultatet av undersökningen visar att skolorna försöker skapa tydliga rutiner, men att de lyckas i varierad grad. Likaså har pedagogerna teoretiska kunskaper i hur de kan underlätta för elever med koncentrationssvårigheter, men att fritidshemmens arbetsmetoder som är utarbetade för att fungera för alla barn på fritidshemmet är varierande. Praktiska saker att tänka på i arbetet kring barn med koncentrationssvårigheter är att alltid ha en välplanerad verksamhet, samt att det är viktigt med ett bra förhållningssätt till dessa barn.

The four studies of this thesis provide an overview of the epidemiology of physical activity in Canada. In the first study two methods of coding activities used in estimating leisure-time physical activity energy expenditure (LTPAEE), from a questionnaire including 21 specific activities, and up to three “other” activities were compared. The authors assessed whether the assignment of activity intensity for “other” activities has an effect on LTPAEE and the classification of respondents as physically active versus inactive. The results indicate that the population classification of activity level is not affected by the intensity code; however, individual level LTPAEE is under-estimated from light and vigorous activities and over-estimated from moderate activities using the current method. In study two the proportion of Canadians meeting Canada’s physical activity guidelines for moderate and vigorous activities was estimated. The prevalence of adults reporting no activity has not changed since 1994/95 and the prevalence of meeting the guidelines has increased by about 11%. Men, younger adults, those with higher income and lower body mass index (BMI) meet the guidelines more often than their peers. The epidemiology of walking among Canadians between 1994 and 2007 was assessed in the third study. Walking was the most popular activity, regardless of age, sex, BMI or income group; however, only 30% of walkers walked regularly. Women, older adults, those with lower BMI and lower household income walk regularly more often than their counterparts. Women, older adults and lower income Canadians tended to derive 100% of their total LTPAEE from walking. An evaluation of whether meeting the guidelines for physical activity was associated with lower odds of chronic conditions and reporting fair/poor health was undertaken in study four. After adjustment for covariates, the odds of type 2 diabetes, obesity and reporting fair/poor health were significantly higher among those not meeting the guidelines for both sexes and for high blood pressure among women. Together these findings provide an understanding of the limitations of estimating LTPAEE, provide estimates of the proportion of Canadians meeting the guidelines for physical activity and provide insight into the relationship between meeting the guidelines and chronic conditions. / Thesis (Ph.D, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2009-06-18 16:18:44.998

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Diploma thesis "Pupils' Leisure Time at the Age of Eleven" deals with pupils' reflection of their leisure time and it also focuses on surveying the field of leisure activities and the factors by which the pupils' leisure time is formed (parents, school, friends etc.). To achieve defined goals the qualitative research strategy was chosen. At first, pupils filled in a brief ethnological questionnaire focused on leisure activities, then they were asked questions during the semi- structured (in-depth) interview and after that acquired data were supplemented and partially verified through non-participant observation. The diploma thesis brings an insight into children's notions about leisure time, which is to some extent coincident with professional notions, however, in some aspects of the issue their point of view is completely different. Furthermore, the findings of the research point out that, generally, it is not possible to talk about the children's lack of interest in physical activity and that (ab)using of computers which is refused by many people does not serve only to play games but also as a means of communication with children's friends and as a source of new information.

Essay means attempt, and is a paper written based on self-experienced dilemmas, which the writer then returns to, reflect upon and discusses on the basis of literature and accepted theories. In this essay, I reflect upon my own professional role as a leisure-time pedagogue. The leisure-time pedagogue must provide activities that in different ways relate to the curriculum 2011. I have therefore a responsibility to influence the students' desire for knowledge. Focus of learning is different from the one in school, with an emphasis on informal learning. The dilemma is that I am unable to do any pedagogical work at the museum because of many conflicts. And that there is an ambivalence of what is expected of my work. By writing this essay, I want to explore and reflect upon leisure-time pedagogue´s meeting with a museum. I also reflect how to obtain an educational meeting, despite poorly developed awareness among teachers, other professionals, parents, and museums. There are many ways to implement work with the curriculum with a visit to the museum, and that would make the leisure-time pedagogue more of support for the whole visit. It would facilitate if the museums themselves hade a material adapted for leisure-time centre. With an emphasis on informal learning and for example aesthetic learning processes.

The purpose with this study is to investigate how leisure time-staff in the leisure time centre experience the opportunity to adjust the education for including all children, and what opportunities a principal describes that the leisure time-staff have to create an inclusive environment. The thesis is a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with four people active in different positions within the school, given us their own perception about the possibilities to adjust the education in the leisure time centre. The result has been analysed by using four dimensions of quality management and a phenomenographic perspective, where we have divided the material in different categories. The results shows that the teacher education is inadequate at providing enough knowledge to work with adjustments in practice. This needs to be compensated by further education and collegial learning, something the school board can provide though it’s not a given matter. During the interviews it occurs that time for organizing and plan the work is crucial for doing the necessary adjustments needed for including all children. Our informants in the leisure time centre agrees that time for organizing and plan the work is crucial for doing the necessary adjustments needed for including all children. The majority of the informant’s experience that they often must give each other more time to plan and, in some cases, they even have to do the planning outside working hours. We interpret that the leisure time staff are dedicated in their effort to creating good opportunities for the children and they are committed to do so even though it is outside the working hours and their mission. Both the principal and the leisure time-staff believe that communication and cooperation is required in the work with adjustments. A factor to streamlining and improving staff’s possibilities to create adjustments to include the children and give them the opportunity to take part of the complementary mission. By using students’ thoughts and ideas, they can create an inclusive environment in the leisure time centre. It shows a common view of children and confidence in the students’ ability to improve the quality work at the leisure time centre. / Syftet med vår studie var att ta reda på hur fritidspersonalen upplever möjligheterna att anpassa verksamheten så att den inkluderar alla elever och även att se vilka förutsättningar som en rektor beskriver att personal i fritidshem har för att skapa en inkluderande miljö. Studien utgår ifrån en kvalitativ undersökning där fyra personer, med olika befattning verksamma inom skolan, genom semistrukturerade intervjuer fått delge sin uppfattning om vilka möjligheter som finns för att anpassa undervisningen i fritidshemmet. Resultatet har analyserats utifrån fyra dimensioner av ett kvalitetsarbete inom skola och ur ett fenomenografiskt perspektiv genom att dela upp materialet i olika kategorier. Resultatet visar att utbildningar inte ger tillräckligt med kunskap för att arbete med anpassningar i praktiken. Detta behöver kompenseras med fortbildningar och kollegialt lärande, något som skolledningen på arbetsplatser kan ge förutsättningar för men inte är en självklarhet. Under intervjuerna framkommer att planeringstid är en viktig förutsättning för att kunna göra de anpassningar som behövs för att inkludera alla elever. Majoriteten av informanterna upplever att de ofta måste ge ytterligare planeringstid till varandra utöver den de redan har, i vissa fall sker även arbetet med att skapa anpassningar utanför arbetstid. Vi tolkar det som att det finns ett engagemang hos personalen att skapa goda förutsättningar för barnen men att detta sträcker sig även utanför deras uppdrag. Både rektor och fritidshemspersonal upplever kommunikation och samarbete som en förutsättning i arbetet med anpassningar. En faktor för att effektivisera och förbättra personalens förutsättningar att skapa anpassningar är att inkludera eleverna och ge dem möjligheten att ta del av det kompletterande uppdraget. Genom att använda sig av elevernas tankar och idéer, kan de skapa en inkluderande miljö i fritidshemmet. Det visar på en gemensam barnsyn och tilltro till elevernas förmåga att förbättra kvalitetsarbetet på fritidshemmet.

This diploma thesis deals with the state of present society and society before 1989 in terms of leisure time society and society of work from the point of view of shop assistants. I would like to approach and understand the phenomenon of work and the very connected phenomenon of free time. We hear this statement very often - "I do not have time for it." However this phenomenon is not new, this phenomenon has already appeared in czech research in 1960s. Based on automation and shortening working hours, since the second half of the 20th century, the amount of leisure time should increase. In 1960s, some theoreticians began to claim that society of work is at the end and moving to leisure time society. But is that really fact? Do we live in a society of work or in a leisure time society? Or none of these options are true? And what about society before 1989? And do work and leisure time differ in different social settings - I mean state socialism and parliamentary democracy? I would like to answer these questions through semi-structured interviews with shop assistants.

This thesis provides an overview of spending leisure time by a pupil of a lower secondary school at the level of organized activities. In the theoretical part the important terms, such as leisure time, leisure time education, leisure time teacher, are defined. In this part, a pupil of a lower secondary school and a gifted pupil are characterized, the sense of leisure time activities at the level of organized activities is mentioned and finally the educational facilities for leisure education and leisure facilities used by pupils are listed. The empirical part provides a list of various leisure time institutions which the city of Příbram offers and it also presents an elaborated research survey, which is subsequently evaluated using statistical functions into tables and graphs. Among other things, as a part of my teaching specialization, in addition to other leisure activities, I incorporated in this work a part aimed at natural and technical leisure activities that are helpful in educating gifted pupils as a future generation and who are a real shortage in this area.