Le procédé de soudage à l'arc sous atmosphère inerte (TIG) est souvent employé pour des assemblages nécessitant une grande qualité du joint soudé. Les propriétés du joint soudé dépendent essentiellement du cycle thermique imposé par l'opération de soudage, de la composition chimique du matériau métallique et des mouvements convectifs du métal fondu dans le bain de fusion. L'écoulement du métal liquide dans le bain de fusion modifie la distribution de température en son sein et à proximité, ainsi que la forme géométrique du joint. Afin d'améliorer l'opération de soudage TIG, par exemple pour accroitre la productivité ou éviter des défauts rédhibitoires, il est nécessaire de bien comprendre les phénomènes physiques mis en jeu dans le bain de fusion ainsi que l'effet des paramètres opératoires (intensité, hauteur d'arc, gaz …) sur ces phénomènes physiques. Dans le but d'appréhender les phénomènes mis en jeu au cours de l'opération TIG et dans le bain de fusion, un modèle multi-physique 2D axisymétrique a été établi et résolu par la méthode des éléments finis (MEF). Les forces telles que Lorentz (électromagnétique), Marangoni (Tension superficielle), Boussinesq et la force de cisaillement du plasma d'arc ont été prises en compte au niveau du bain de fusion. Le modèle TIG établi est utilisé pour prédire la distribution de température et la distribution des vitesses dans le bain de fusion ainsi que la forme géométrique du bain de fusion. Un protocole expérimental a été développé dans le but de valider le modèle proposé. Pour cela, une opération de soudage TIG stationnaire (pas de mouvement de la torche) a été réalisée sur un disque métallique. L'opération a été contrôlée par des mesures de température, par une observation de la formation et de l'évolution de la surface du bain de fusion avec une caméra rapide et un enregistrement des paramètres opératoires (intensité et tension). Toutes les données sont synchronisées entre elles pour permettre une analyse expérimentale pertinente. La confrontation des résultats expérimentaux avec le modèle multi-physique du soudage TIG a fait apparaître une assez bonne adéquation, mais des différences existent, essentiellement liées à la méconnaissance des paramètres décrivant le flux de chaleur utilisé dans la simulation. Le flux de chaleur a été modélisé par une fonction Gaussienne qui nécessite la connaissance du rendement du procédé TIG et la distribution spatiale (ou rayon de la Gaussienne). L'estimation de ces paramètres a été réalisée par une méthode inverse. Cette méthode inverse a consisté à estimer les paramètres inconnus à partir des données expérimentales disponibles. La méthode d'optimisation dite de Levenberg-Marquardt, associée à une technique de régularisation itérative, a été utilisée pour estimer les paramètres. La pertinence et la robustesse de cette méthode ont été validées au travers de plusieurs cas numériques ; soit des cas utilisant des données « exactes » ou des données « bruitées ». Trois types d'erreurs ont été analysés séparément : bruit de mesure, erreur sur la position du capteur et imprécision sur la valeur des propriétés thermophysiques. Les deux dernière erreurs sont celles qui impactent fortement le résultat de l'estimation, essentiellement l'estimation du rendement du procédé TIG. Enfin, une partie des données expérimentales a été utilisée pour résoudre le problème inverse. Les paramètres ont été estimés avec une marge d'erreur inférieure à 10% et ils sont en bon accord avec les valeurs trouvées dans la littérature. / Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process is generally used for assemblies that requires high quality weld joint. The microstructure and the weld joint relies mainly on the thermal cycle due to the welding operation, the chemical composition of the metallic material and the complex flow of molten metal in the weld pool. Moreover the fluid flow in the weld pool play a major role in the temperature distribution and the final weld pool shape. Better understanding of the physical phenomena involved in the welding operation, more exactly in the weld pool, are the fundamental step for improving the GTAW operation, for example increase the productivity or avoid defects. In the present research work, a two dimensional axi-symmetric multiphysics model was established in order to predict the weld pool shape evolution in the frame of a stationary Gas Tungsten Arc Welding using a finite element numerical approach. The weld pool model included various driving forces such as self-induced electromagnetic (Lorentz force), surface tension (Marangoni force), buoyancy and the arc plasma drag force. The stated GTAW model is used for predicting the velocity and temperature distribution in the fusion zone and the final weld pool shape. In order to validate the GTAW model, an experimental set up was defined for synchronizing the acquisition of time dependent data such as temperature, weld pool radius and welding process parameters (current and voltage). Image processing algorithms were developed for the time dependent weld pool size identification from the high speed camera images. Comparison between experimental and calculated data exhibited important discrepancies on the temperature field and weld pool radius. These discrepancies are due to the incoming heat flux from the arc plasma into the work piece. The heat flux was modeled with a Gaussian function itself described with few parameters;two of these required to be estimated: GTAW efficiency and Gaussian distribution.An inverse approach is used for estimating these parameters from the available experimental data: temperature, weld pool radius and macrographs. The Levenberg-Marquardt method is used to solve the inverse heat transfer problem coupled to an iterative process regularization. Afterward the inverse heat transfer problem was investigated through few numerical cases in order to verify its robustness to three sorts of error in the input data (measurement noise, sensor location error and inaccuracies associated with the thermophysical properties). The inverse approach was robust to errors introduced on measurement data. However, errors on the position of sensors or on the knowledge of material thermo-physical properties are problematic on the GTAW efficiency estimation. Finally the inverse problem was solved with experimental measurement. The estimated parameters are in good agreement with the literature. The evaluated error on the estimated parameters is less than 10%.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Um Estudo para a solução numérica do modelo de difusão com retenção, proposta por Bevilacqua et al. (2011), é apresentado, bem como uma formulação implícita para o problema inverso para a estimativa dos parâmetros envolvidos na formulação matemática do modelo. Através de um estudo minucioso da análise de sensibilidade e do cálculo do coeficiente de correlação de Pearson, são identificadas as chances de se obter sucesso na solução do problema inverso através do método determinístico de Levenberg-Marquardt e dos métodos estocásticos Algoritmo de Colisão de Partículas (Particle Collision Algorithm - PCA) e Evolução Diferencial (Differential Evolution - DE). São apresentados os resultados obtidos através destes três métodos de otimização para três casos de conjunto de parâmetros. Foi observada uma forte correlação entre dois destes três parâmetros, o que dificultou a estimativa simultânea dos mesmos. Porém, foi obtido sucesso nas estimativas individuais de cada parâmetro. Foram obtidos bons resultados para os fatores que multiplicam os termos diferenciais da equação que modela o fenômeno de difusão com retenção. / A Study for the numerical solution of the diffusion model with retention, proposed by Bevilacqua et al.(2011), using the finite difference method is presented, as well as an implicit formulation for the inverse problem to estimate the parameters involved in the formulation of the mathematical model. Through of a thorougth study of sensitivity analysis and calculating the Pearson correlation coefficient, are identified the chances of success in solving the inverse problem using the deterministic method of Levenberg-Marquardt and stochastic methods Particle Collision Algorithm - PCA and Differential Evolution - DE. Presents the results obtained from these three methods of optimization for three cases of parameter set. We observed a strong correlation between two of these three parameters, making it difficult to estimate simultaneously the same. However, success was obtained in the individual estimates for each parameter. Good results were obtained for the factors that increase the terms of the differential equation that models the phenomenon of diffusion with retention.

A utilização de Redes Neurais Artificias para fins de identificação e controle de sistemas dinâmicos têm recebido atenção especial de muitos pesquisadores, principalmente no que se refere a sistemas não lineares. Neste trabalho é apresentado um estudo sobre a utilização de um tipo em particular de Rede Neural Artificial, uma Perceptron Multicamadas com Atraso de Tempo, na estimação de estados da etapa fermentativa do processo de Reichstein para produção de vitamina C. A aplicação de Redes Neurais Artificiais a este processo pode ser justificada pela existência de problemas associados à esta etapa, como variáveis de estado não mensuráveis e com incertezas de medida e não linearidade do processo fermentativo, além da dificuldade em se obter um modelo convencional que contemple todas as fases do processo. É estudado também a eficácia do algoritmo de Levenberg-Marquadt, na aceleração do treinamento da Rede Neural Artificial, além de uma comparação do desempenho de estimação de estados das Redes Neurais Artificiais estudadas com o filtro estendido de Kalman, baseado em um modelo não estruturado do processo fermentativo. A análise do desempenho das Redes Neurais Artificiais estudadas é avaliada em termos de uma figura de mérito baseada no erro médio quadrático sendo feitas considerações quanto ao tipo da função de ativação e o número de unidades da camada oculta. Os dados utilizados para treinamento e avaliação da Redes Neurais Artificiais foram obtidos de um conjunto de ensaios interpolados para o intervalo de amostragem desejado. / ldentification and Control of dynamic systems using Artificial Neural Networks has been widely investigated by many researchers in the last few years, with special attention to the application of these in nonlinear systems. ls this works, a study on the utilization of a particular type of Artificial Neural Networks, a Time Delay Multi Layer Perceptron, in the state estimation of the fermentative phase of the Reichstein process of the C vitamin production. The use of Artificial Neural Networks can be justified by the presence of problems, such as uncertain and unmeasurable state variables and process non-linearity, and by the fact that a conventional model that works on all phases of the fermentative processes is very difficult to obtain. The efficiency of the Levenberg Marquadt algorithm on the acceleration of the training process is also studied. Also, a comparison is performed between the studied Artificial Neural Networks and an extended Kalman filter based on a non-structured model for this fermentative process. The analysis of lhe Artificial Neural Networks is carried out using lhe mean square errors taking into consideration lhe activation function and the number of units presents in the hidden layer. A set of batch experimental runs, interpolated to the desired time interval, is used for training and validating the Artificial Neural Networks.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-02-23T19:26:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 francianeconceicaopeters.pdf: 4730497 bytes, checksum: 201c60342a8bf9edc9b308fa50fafa54 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-02-24T12:08:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 francianeconceicaopeters.pdf: 4730497 bytes, checksum: 201c60342a8bf9edc9b308fa50fafa54 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-02-24T12:08:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 francianeconceicaopeters.pdf: 4730497 bytes, checksum: 201c60342a8bf9edc9b308fa50fafa54 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-27 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A construção de imagens associadas à distribuição de condutividades no interior de um meio condutor a partir de injeção de corrente elétrica e medidas de potencial no contorno externo do corpo é uma técnica conhecida como tomografia por impedância elétrica. É um problema inverso que tem sido estudado visando aplicações biomédicas, monitoramento de processos industriais e investigação geofísica. Em alguns casos, é possível levar em consideração informações conhecidas sobre o domínio do corpo no processo de construção da imagem, recaindo no problema da detecção de inclusões que é o problema efetivamente tratado neste trabalho. Este problema pode ser resolvido por meio da minimização de uma função da diferença entre potenciais medidos no contorno e calculados para uma dada distribuição de condutividades. O presente trabalho desenvolve uma estratégia para a solução deste problema baseada na parametrização da geometria do contorno das inclusões cujas formas e dimensões se pretende determinar. O problema de minimização é resolvido por meio do Método de Levenberg-Marquardt e o problema direto via Método dos Elementos de Contorno. Para avaliar o desempenho da estratégia proposta são apresentados resultados numéricos envolvendo contornos definidos por splines, problemas com a presença de ruído nas medidas, avaliação de protocolos de injeção de corrente e medição de potencial elétrico e ainda uma aplicação voltada ao monitoramento cardíaco. / The images reconstruction of the conductivity distribution inside a conductive body based on electrical current injection and potential measurements on the outer boundary of this body is a technique known as electrical impedance tomography. This is an inverse problem that has been studied in biomedical applications, industrial process monitoring and geophysics investigation. In some cases, it is possible to take into account in the reconstruction process, informations about the body, leading to the problem of identifying inclusions, that is the problem actually treated in this work. This inverse problem can be solved by the minimization of a function, defined as the difference between the measured potentials and the computed ones for a given conductivity distribution. The present work describes a strategy to solve this problem based on the parametrization of the inclusions boundary, whose shape and size is intended to be determined. The minimization problem is solved via Levenberg-Marquardt Method and the forward one is solved via Boundary Elements Method. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed strategy, numerical experiments with inclusions of boundaries defined by splines, problems with noisy data, current injection and potential measurement protocols and an application of the strategy to the cardiac function monitoring are presented.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-15T14:59:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marcoshenriquefonsecaribeiro.pdf: 12873424 bytes, checksum: 2b2b91fd2a9726856a0486afa760fe2c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T16:01:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marcoshenriquefonsecaribeiro.pdf: 12873424 bytes, checksum: 2b2b91fd2a9726856a0486afa760fe2c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T16:01:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcoshenriquefonsecaribeiro.pdf: 12873424 bytes, checksum: 2b2b91fd2a9726856a0486afa760fe2c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-10-03 / A Tomografia por Impedância Elétrica (TIE) consiste em uma técnica onde imagens são construídas a partir da injeção de uma corrente elétrica em determinado meios, seguida da leitura de valores de potencial elétrico em pontos do contorno externo de tal domínio. Desta maneira, conhecendo-se ou estimando-se a condutividade elétrica de regiões internas ao meio, pode-se inferir aspectos geométricos da composição do mesmo. Trabalhos na literatura aplicam esta técnica ao contexto de obtenção de imagens do tórax humano, com objetivo de estimar a geometria das cavidades cardíacas de um determinado paciente. O objetivo final de estudo deste trabalho, dentro do contexto de aplicação da TIE à obtenção de cavidades cardíacas, é propor uma metodologia para a estimação da Fração de Ejeção Cardíaca, ou simplesmente Fração de Ejeção (FE), que consiste em medir o percentual de volume de sangue expulso dos ventrículos ao final de um ciclo de batimento do coração. Este trabalho visa evoluir outros trabalhos já existentes que modelam o problema acima descrito como sendo um problema inverso, de otimização, onde se pretende minimizar a diferença entre valores de potencial elétrico medidos e valores simulados por modelos computacionais. A evolução se dá em níveis diferentes. No primeiro nível, é feito um avanço sobre as técnicas de otimização para a resolução do problema inverso, em sua formulaçãobidimensional. Paratal, épropostaumametaheurísticaqueauxiliamétodosde buscanaobtençãodevaloresmaisacurados. Estametaheurísticaéapresentadaemversões sequencial e paralela. São apresentados resultados computacionais de testes realizados para este primeiro nível. Em um segundo nível, é feita a modelagem em três dimensões das mesmas abordagens já encontradas na literatura, que, para a aplicação específica da determinação da FE, até então estão limitadas a modelos bidimensionais. Assim, todo o problema é revisto para uma nova proposta de modelagem, que inclui a criação de modelos geométricos tridimensionais para as regiões de interesse do problema. Como principal contribuição do trabalho neste segundo nível, encontra-se um esquema de parametrização das malhas de polígonos que modelam ventrículos do coração, de forma que se tenha uma maneira compacta de representar as mesmas e, ao mesmo tempo, diminuindo o custo computacional do método de otimização por meio de drástica redução do número de variáveis do problema. Por fim, também é realizado um estudo preliminar da sensibilidade da técnica à presença de ruídos nos dados de entrada. / The Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) consists in a technique where images are constructed from the measurements of the electrical potential in some points on the external boundary of some specific domain, caused by the injection of an electrical current in such domain. This way, knowing or estimating the electrical conductivity of some regions inside the domain, geometric aspects of the composition of that domain can be inferred. Works in literature apply this technique to the context of obtaining images from the human thorax, with the objective of estimating the geometry of some cardiac cavities of a specific patient. The final goal of this work, inside the context of the obtention of cardiac cavities, is to propose a methodology for estimating the Cardiac Ejection Fraction, orsimplyEjectionFraction(EF),whichconsistsinmeasuringthepercentualofthevolume of blood expelled from the ventricles at the end of a heart beat cicle. This work intends to evolute previous works, that models the above mentioned problem as an inverse problem, an optimization problem, where the intention is to minimize the difference between the values of measured electrical potentials and the values obtained through simulation using computational models. This evolution occurs in different levels. In the first level, is performedanimprovementoverthepre-existentoptimizationtechniquesforthesolutionof theinverseproblem,inatwodimensionalversion. Forthis,isproposedametaheuristicthat assistssearchmethodstowardstheobtentionofmoreaccuratedvalues. Suchmetaheuristic is presented in sequential and parallel versions. Computational results for performed tests for this level are presented. In a second level, a three dimensional modeling of the same approaches found in literature is done. Those approaches, for the specific application of determining the EF, are so far limited to two dimensional models. Therefore, the whole problem is reviewed in order to propose a new model, which includes the creation of three dimensional geometric models for the regions of interest of the problem. As the main contribution of this work in that second level, there is a parameterization schema of the polygon meshes that model heart ventricles, so that it provides a compact way of representing such meshes, and, at the same time, a way of reducing the computational cost of the optimization method by means of a drastic reduction of the number of variables of the problem. Finally, a preliminary study of the sensibility of the technique to the presence of noise in the input data is also performed.

The diploma thesis is focused on an adaptive control, especially in a self-tuning controller area. The thesis is divided into two main parts. The first part deals with identification methods of the adaptive control. The recursive least squares algorithm and the neural network method are the most popular identification methods. These methods are contrasted and the identification quality evaluation is done. The second part compares various types of the adaptive controllers with a non-adjustable PSD controller. The adaptive controllers are investigated from the various identification method point of view. The user graphic interface was realized for the identification and regulatory part. The time behavior of system responses after incoming disturbance and dynamic process changes during simulation systems control is compared with a physical model connected to B&R PLC. The comparison is done with the application of Matlab/Simulink program.

This bachelor thesis is written for KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Ymer Technology AB. It examines the friction factor associated with the pressure drop in wavy-fin heat exchangers. Previous studies have used a nonlinear approach for determining the regression coefficients. This study introduces a linearizing transform that solves the issues of finding non-optimal parameter values stemming from the current nonlinear approach. The linearization also drastically improves the computational time. A final model explaining 95.4\% of the variance in the data is presented. Methods for avoiding overfitting, detecting outliers and hidden extrapolation are presented and used to evaluate the model. The implications of the mathematical results on improving profit, competitiveness, and customer relationships are analyzed in the second part of the report with a qualitative approach. / Denna kandidatuppsats är skrivet vid Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan och Ymer Technology AB. Det undersöker den friktionsfaktor som associeras med tryckfallet i kylare med wavy-fins. Tidigare studier har använt ett ickelinjärt tillvägagångssätt för att bestämma regressionskoefficienterna. Denna studie introducerar en linjäriserande transform som löser problemen med att hitta icke-optimala paramatervärden, som härstammar från tidigare icke-linjära tillvägagångsätt. Linjäriseringen visar sig även förbättra beräkningstiden drastiskt. En slutgiltig modell som förklarar 95\% av variansen i datan presenteras. Metoder för att undvika overfitting, identifiera outliers, och undvika att falla offer för gömd extrapolation presenteras och används för att evaluera modellen. De matematiska resultatens implikationer för Ymer med avseende på vinst, konkurrenskraft och kundrelationer, analyseras i den andra delen av rapporten med en kvalitativ ansats.

Ce projet de recherche porte sur deux problématiques différentes, cependant, elles partagent les mêmes phénomènes physiques. Il s’agit de la prédiction inverse de l’évolution temporelle du front de solidification : (1) dans les réacteurs métallurgiques à haute température et (2) dans les tissus vivants pendant la cryochirurgie. Problématique #1 : Afin de réduire l’érosion et l’agression chimique des parois internes de briques réfractaires par la matière en fusion au sein des réacteurs métallurgiques, on laisse croître par changement de phase solide/liquide une couche protectrice sur leur surface interne. Cette couche joue un rôle extrêmement important, car elle assure l’intégrité de l’installation et prolonge sa durée de vie. Toutefois, une couche protectrice trop épaisse réduit le volume utile de réacteur et diminue ainsi la production industrielle. Le défi, pour l’industriel, consiste alors à exploiter ces réacteurs tout en maintenant une couche dont l’épaisseur est optimale. L’environnement hostile qui règne au cœur du réacteur interdit toutefois les mesures directes. Les sondes qu’on y plonge sont détruites. Pour remédier à ce problème, l’industriel recourt à la simulation numérique et, plus récemment, à une approche par transfert inverse. Cette thèse présente une procédure inverse de transfert de chaleur qui permet, à partir des mesures de température non invasives provenant d’un thermocouple situé dans les parois extérieures de briques, de prédire simultanément les paramètres thermiques inconnus ainsi que l’épaisseur de la couche protectrice au sein des réacteurs métallurgiques. La technique inverse repose sur la méthode de Levenberg-Marquardt (LMM) combinée avec la méthode de Broyden (BM). La Problématique #2 aborde quant à elle la cryochirurgie. C’est une technique récente, peu invasive, qui utilise le froid extrême pour détruire les tissus indésirables tels que les tumeurs. Elle s’adresse donc à des tumeurs internes et externes. L’objectif de la cryochirurgie est de détruire les tumeurs tout en minimisant les dommages des tissus sains adjacents. La fiabilité de cette technique dépend d'un certain nombre de paramètres thermiques tels que la température de la cryosonde, les propriétés thermiques des tissus, la durée de congélation, etc. Pour y parvenir, des méthodes expérimentales et numériques ont été développées. Cependant, chaque méthode a ses propres limites. En effet, le problème majeur est associé à la méconnaissance de certains paramètres thermiques, ce qui rend l’analyse de la transmission dans les tissus biologiques difficile. Pour pallier ces limites et améliorer la technique de cryochirurgie, une approche novatrice est retenue : il s’agit du transfert de chaleur inverse. À partir de mesures thermiques de températures provenant d’un thermocouple implanté dans la tumeur, cette approche permet de prédire les paramètres inconnus tels que la perfusion sanguine et, ensuite, de déterminer l’évolution temporelle de l’interface de congélation et la distribution de la température dans le tissu.

Dans la fabrication d'un produit, la maîtrise des propriétés physiques des matériaux utilisés est indispensable. Il est donc nécessaire de déterminer leurs propriétés comportementales. On exploite en général des propriétés physiques intermédiaires telles que les propriétés électromagnétiques. Nous avons mis au point une technique de caractérisation sans contact de matériaux non transparents en transposant les concepts de base de l'ellipsométrie optique en hyperfréquence. La caractérisation se fait par résolution d'un problème inverse par deux méthodes numériques : une méthode d'optimisation classique utilisant l'algorithme itératif de Levenberg Marquardt et une méthode de régression par l'uti1isation de réseaux de neurones du type perceptron multicouches. Avec la première méthode, on détermine deux paramètres du matériau sous test à savoir l'indice de réfraction et l'indice d'extinction. Avec la deuxième, on détermine les deux indices ainsi que l'épaisseur de 1'échantillon. Pour la validation, nous avons monté un banc expérimental en espace libre à 30 GHz en transmission et en incidence oblique avec lequel nous avons effectué des mesures sur des échantillons de téflon et d'époxy de différentes épaisseurs (1 à 30 mm). Nous avons obtenu une caractérisation satisfaisante de l'indice et de l'épaisseur. Nous avons ensuite fait des mesures de trois types de papier dont la caractérisation de l'indice était satisfaisante sans toutefois les discriminer. Ces travaux ont montré la possibilité de caractériser des matériaux épais et non transparents par une technique ellipsométrique

Master of Science / Department of Civil Engineering / David R. Steward / Accurate modeling of the High Plains Aquifer depends on the availability of good data that represents and quantities properties and processes occurring within the aquifer. Thanks to many previous studies there is a wealth of good data available for the High Plains Aquifer but one key component, groundwater-surface water interaction locations and rates, is generally missing. Without these values accurate modeling of the High Plains Aquifer is very difficult to achieve. This thesis presents methods for simplifying the modeling of the High Plains Aquifer using a sloping base method and then applying mathematical optimization techniques to locate and quantify points of groundwater-surface water interaction. The High Plains Aquifer has a base that slopes gently from west to east and is approximated using a one-dimensional stepping base model. The model was run under steady-state predevelopment conditions using readily available GIS data representing aquifer properties such as hydraulic conductivity, bedrock elevation, recharge, and the predevelopment water level. The Levenberg-Marquardt and particle swarm algorithms were implemented to minimize error in the model. The algorithms reduced model error by finding locations in the aquifer of potential groundwater-surface water interaction and then determining the rate of groundwater to surface water exchange at those points that allowed for the best match between the measured predevelopment water level and the simulated water level. Results from the model indicate that groundwater-surface water interaction plays an important role in the overall water balance in the High Plains Aquifer. Findings from the model show strong groundwater-surface water interaction occurring in the northern basin of the aquifer where the water table is relatively shallow and there are many surface water features. In the central and southern basins the interaction is primarily limited to river valleys. Most rivers have baseflow that is a net sink from groundwater.