A temática ambiental se constitui em um contexto complexo e dinâmico de inúmeras relações de interdependência e/ou de subordinação, pois está inserida em um constante movimento ocasionado pelas variadas forças e interesses de atores que as circundam, como por exemplo, o Estado, a sociedade civil e o mercado. Nesse sentido, a questão não deve ser compreendida como simples resultante do vínculo entre os homens e a natureza, mas como um componente das relações humanas, como um objeto econômico, político e cultural. No Brasil, a relevância do tema é evidente devido a sua posição de protagonista internacional nas esferas ambiental e socioeconômica. Dessa forma, um instrumento constituinte da política territorial e ambiental nacional, que está diretamente inserido nessa complexa e dinâmica temática e envolvo pelos interesses e poderes de vários atores, é a Compensação Ambiental (CA). Objeto central desta pesquisa, a CA está subordinada ao processo estatal de emissão de licenças ambientais e visa contribuir para o fortalecimento do Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação (SNUC). A hipótese deste trabalho é que a Compensação Ambiental Federal, na forma como está estabelecida e operacionalizada na atualidade, é pouco eficaz em relação ao seu propósito. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é compreender e analisar o papel e/ou a finalidade do Estado (e de suas políticas públicas) na definição da CA, bem como o potencial deste instrumento em influenciar no ordenamento do território, particularmente ante a abordagem ambiental e a sua conjuntura contemporânea, perpassando igualmente pelos outros atores que envolvem este instrumento. Para isso consideramos a escala federal da administração do território, ou seja, a atuação da União, abarcando, dessa maneira, as atividades dos principais órgãos ambientais do país, sejam: do Ministério do Meio Ambiente, do Ibama, do ICMBio etc. Para atingir tal proposição, este trabalho se baseia em pesquisas bibliográficas, levantamento de dados e estatísticas, entrevistas em órgãos públicos e em instituições não-estatais, produção de elementos gráficos, tabulares e cartográficos, e em um estudo de caso, a UHE Santo Antônio do Jari, e seu respectivo trabalho de campo. O conteúdo está segmentado em três etapas: a primeira aborda a tríade dos atores que envolvem a CA, com base em um esquema conceitual de análise; a segunda apresenta um aprofundamento sobre o instrumento em uma perspectiva histórica, legislativa e operacional; e, a terceira transpõe a teoria e tange o território a partir da análise empírica do estudo de caso. Ao final, visando responder o para que e para quem que intitula este trabalho, conclui-se em relação ao para que, que de fato, a CA Federal visa fortalecer o SNUC, essa finalidade está consolidada. Por outro lado, a análise do para quem nos leva a afirmar que no presente o instrumento serve a todos os atores que o envolvem apesar de não atender todas as suas demandas, deixando uma lacuna sobre o seu futuro se nenhuma alteração significativa for realizada em suas diretrizes operacionais. / Environmental issues constitute a complex and dynamic context of numerous relationships of interdependence and/or subordination because they are part of a constant motion due to the different forces and interests of the actors that surround them, such as the State, the civil society and the market. In this sense, these questions should not be understood as a simple result of the relationships between human beings and the nature, but should be seen as part of a component of human relations, as an economic, political and cultural object. In Brazil, the relevance of the questions is evident due to its position as an international protagonist in the environmental and socioeconomic spheres. Environmental Compensation (EC) is an instrument that is part of the national territorial and environmental policy, that is directly inserted in this complex and dynamic thematic and that envelops the interests and powers of several actors. The central object of this research, the EC, is related to the State´s allocations of environmental licenses and aims to contribute to the strengthening of the National System of Conservation Units (SNUC). This study is based in the following hypothesis: Environmental Compensation managed by the federal government is not very effective in relation to its purpose, as currently established and operationalized. Thus, this research aims to understand and analyze the role and/or the purpose of the State (and its public policies) in the definition of EC, as well as the potential of this instrument in influencing the spatial planning, particularly facing the contemporary conjuncture of the environmental issue, also permeating the other actors that are involved in this instrument. For this, we consider the federal scale of territory administration, covering in this way, the activities of the main public environmental institutions in Brazil, such as the Ministry of the Environment, Ibama, ICMBio, etc. In order to reach such a goal, this work is based on bibliographical research, data collection and analyses, interviews with public agencies and non-state institutions, production of graphics, tables and maps, and on a case study, in the Santo Antônio do Jari Hydroelectric Power Plant, and its related field research. The content is segmented into three parts: the first one presents the triad of the actors that are involved in the EC, based on a conceptual schema of analysis; the second one presents a theoretical understanding of the instrument in a historical, legislative and operational perspective; and the third part transposes the theory and covers the territory from the empirical analysis of the case study. In the end, in order to answer \"for what and for whom\", the question in the title of this research, we conclude, with regard to the for what\", that in fact, the Federal EC aims to strengthen the SNUC, this purpose seems consolidated. The analysis of the \"for whom\" leads us to affirm that, in the present, the instrument serves all the actors that involve it, even if it does not meet all your demands. Thus leaves doubts about its future if no significant change in its operational guidelines is made.

No description available.

No abstract available / Mercantile Law / LL. B.

The history of day care licensing standards in Texas was traced from the beginnings in voluntary welfare organizations to the 1976 revisions. The jurisdictional foundations of day care licensing was presented in a summary of the related legislation passed in Texas during the years from 1848 to 1975. Categories of licensing requirements in the different sets of standards promulgated in Texas were compared. The attempt was made to derive a contextual milieu of social, political and educational factors which influenced Texas day care legislation and the development of licensing standards. It was recommended that funds are essential to adequate enforcement of licensing standards. In addition, to facilitate acculturation of day care licensing, consultation and training efforts should expand proportionately to the expansion of day care. The fact that issues related to specific requirements surfaced repeatedly in the different decades studied, a need for carefully controlled research to validate the individual requirements was indicated.

This study investigates the concessioning of the commuter rail subsystem, which was discussed in the White Paper on National Transport Policy. The theoretical divide between private and public sector enterprise is investigated in terms of a principal-agent approach. The hypothesis underlying the fundamental shift of services traditionally provided by government enterprise to the private sector is X-efficiency gains under a concession regime. There are, however, potential challenges under a concession regime that must be anticipated. Challenges are identified in terms of an incomplete contract approach with its underpinning source manifested in a bounded rationality concept. The study investigates how rail concessionaires are regulated under a concession regime from an economics perspective and various price mechanisms are explored. The study provides strategies to deal with challenges under a rail concession regime with a view to minimising conflicts that will arise between the parties involved in a concession agreement. / Transport, Logistics & Tourism / M.Comm.(Transport Economics)

The thesis deals with the legal regulation of protection of personality rights. According to the certain changes in personality protection legal regulation caused by recent adoption of new Civil Code, Law no. 89/2012 Coll., the topic appears to be up to date. The aim of this thesis is to bring current legal regulation of this issue in its general terms. The thesis is divided into eight chapters. The first chapter explains basic terms such as personality and general right of personality. Second chapter describes the historical evolution of legal regulation with the main focus on Czech territory. The third chapter examines the existing legal sources affecting the protection of personality. The fourth chapter discusses personality rights entities and it is followed by the definition of the scope of personality protection rights. The sixth chapter explores the methods how is it possible to restrict personality rights, both from the will of concerned person and against it, especially in the form of so called statutory licenses. The seventh chapter, which is also the most extensive one, regulates the legal means of protection of personality rights, private means as well as public ones. In the field of private law the different types of claims which can arise as a result of personal's rights infringement are...

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:23:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thasia da Silva Oliveira Magalhaes.pdf: 326456 bytes, checksum: 1b5be66297f89695fbd8ede66cc1711e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-07-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research has as objective to approach questions related to intellectual property in the cyberspace, mapping the different points of view about the theme. It presents in a succinct way the origin of the author's concept in the western history, and the current conflict of the multiple authorship existence possibility in the cyberspace. It analyses the use of alternative licenses to author's protection and finally the production of immaterial wells. The approach adopted is multi-disciplinary, doesn't ignore the current legal order, but investigate the characteristics of the cyberspace, as well the repercussions in the law. It confronts the authorship's protection in the digital media and the concept of immaterial wells. The studied authors are, among others: Paul Edward Geller, Lawrence Lessig, Yochai Benkler e Siva Vaidhyanathan. It highlights the concept of proprietary software, free software and its variations. It considers the viability of the copyright current alternatives, in particular the Creative Commons project, the GNU project and the BSD project / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo levantar questões relacionadas à propriedade intelectual no ciberespaço, mapeando os diferentes pontos de vista sobre o tema. Apresenta de forma sucinta a origem do conceito de autor na história ocidental, e o atual conflito da possibilidade da existência da múltipla autoria no ciberespaço. Analisa o uso das licenças alternativas de proteção do autor e por fim a produção de bens imateriais. A abordagem adotada é multidisciplinar, que não ignora o atual ordenamento jurídico, mas investiga as características do ciberespaço, bem como as repercussões sobre o Direito. Confronta a proteção da autoria nas mídias digitais e o conceito de bens imateriais. Os autores estudados são, entre outros: Paul Edward Geller, Lawrence Lessig, Yochai Benkler e Siva Vaidhyanathan Destaca o conceito de software proprietário, software livre e seus desdobramentos. Considera a viabilidade das alternativas atuais de direito autoral, nomeadamente o Projeto Creative Commons, o Projeto GNU e o Projeto BSD

The dissertation deals with the cutting-edge subject of electronic contracts, which have the potential to automatically process and control the access rights for (electronic) goods. The dissertation shows the design and the implementation of a rights expression exchange framework. The framework enables digital rights management systems to exchange electronic contracts with each other and thus, provides DRM system compatibility. The electronic contracts, which are formulated in a standardized rights expression language, serve as exchange format between different DRM systems. The dissertation introduces a methodology for the standardized composition, exchange and processing of electronic contracts respectively rights expressions. (author´s abstract)

published_or_final_version / Public Administration / Master / Master of Public Administration

This study investigates the concessioning of the commuter rail subsystem, which was discussed in the White Paper on National Transport Policy. The theoretical divide between private and public sector enterprise is investigated in terms of a principal-agent approach. The hypothesis underlying the fundamental shift of services traditionally provided by government enterprise to the private sector is X-efficiency gains under a concession regime. There are, however, potential challenges under a concession regime that must be anticipated. Challenges are identified in terms of an incomplete contract approach with its underpinning source manifested in a bounded rationality concept. The study investigates how rail concessionaires are regulated under a concession regime from an economics perspective and various price mechanisms are explored. The study provides strategies to deal with challenges under a rail concession regime with a view to minimising conflicts that will arise between the parties involved in a concession agreement. / Transport, Logistics and Tourism / M.Comm.(Transport Economics)