[pt] As empresas têm procurado cada vez mais pelos Programas de Qualidade de Vida com o objetivo de manter os funcionários motivados e comprometidos com as metas empresariais, e também visando prevenir as doenças ocupacionais (DO), que geram afastamentos indesejados e atrasos na produtividade. Grande parte dos dirigentes das corporações afirma que busca nessas propostas e projetos, formas de promover maior bem-estar, conforto e segurança para que o trabalhador possa desenvolver seu trabalho diário. Nessa dissertação foi realizado um estudo no Programa de Qualidade de Vida de uma empresa concessionária de uma rodovia localizada no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, especificamente com os arrecadadores de pedágio, enfocando os projetos de Ergonomia e Ginástica Laboral (GL), a fim de conhecer a importância da interação entre os profissionais responsáveis pela execução destes programas. Através deste trabalho, a hipótese pôde ser confirmada e evidenciou-se que apenas a GL fundamentada na educação física não é suficiente para prevenir as DO e promover a saúde dos trabalhadores, necessitando assim de uma interação direta com os fatores ergonômicos do trabalho. Dessa forma, ficou claro que a interação entre os profissionais que trabalham com esses dois programas (GL e Ergonomia) é fundamental para que se atinja o ser humano em todas as suas dimensões e que a troca de informações técnicas entre eles serve para enriquecer o seu trabalho, um complementando a coleta de dados, bem como a atuação do outro. / [en] Companies have been looking for Life Quality Programs as a way to keep the working force motivated and compromised with the businesses` goals, and also try to prevent Occupational Diseases (OD) that causes undesired lay offs and delays in productivity. A great deal of corporation managers say that they look for ways of increasing welfare, comfort and safety for the workers in their daily work in those projects. In this dissertation it was studied the Life Quality Program applied in a company engaged in a road concession in Rio de Janeiro - Brazil, specifically within its toll collectors, with focus on Ergonomics and Labor Gym (LG) projects, in order to know the importance of interaction between the professionals responsible for the development of these programs. Through this work, the hypothesis could be confirmed and became evident that only LG based on the Physical Education is not enough to prevent the OD and promoting the health of the workers, thus needing a direct interaction with the ergonomic factors of the work. So, it is clear that the interaction between the professionals who work with those two programs (LG and Ergonomics) is fundamental so that it reaches the human being in all its dimensions and the exchange of technical information between them allows enrich its work, one complementing the data collection, as well as the other professionals performance.

[pt] Inspirada na abordagem investigativa e pedagógica da Prática Exploratória, (Allwright, 2003) esta dissertação tem como objetivo investigar por que a turma 1701 se percebe feliz durante as aulas de inglês como língua estrangeira, do sétimo ano, em uma Escola Municipal na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Neste trabalho conjunto, a professora-pesquisadora e seus alunos de uma turma de inglês procuram entender a co-construção da qualidade de vida dessa interação pedagógica prazerosa. A investigação se realizou através de uma atividade pedagógica com potencial exploratório. O trabalho-para-entendimento buscou alcançar entendimentos de todos os participantes quanto à qualidade do processo de ensino-aprendizagem. O material discursivo exploratório produzido pelos alunos assim como a narrativa de experiência pessoal profissional e interpretativa da professora foram analisados à luz das noções bakhtinianas (2003) de historicidade, relação dialógica, enunciado e voz e da perspectivas afetiva à luz de Arnold & Brown (1999) e Allwright & Bailey (1991). Os entendimentos alcançados pela professora-pesquisadora acerca da sua trajetória profissional e a análise reflexiva gerada neste estudo sugerem que a sala de aula da turma 1701 é o espaço que abriga sujeitos com diferentes saberes e crenças pedagógicas que ecoam manifestações de afeto. A qualidade de vida prazerosa do cotidiano deste grupo se co-constrói ancorada nos Good-mornings! compartilhados no início das aulas, nas características pessoais e nos saberes da professora, nas relações estabelecidas entre as pessoas em sala de aula, e aos processos cognitivos vivenciados. / [en] Inspired by the investigative and pedagogic approach of Exploratory Practice (Allwright, 2003), this study aims at understanding why the 1701 class feels happy during their classes of English as a foreign language, in the 7th grade of a municipal school in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In this participatory practitioner research, the teacher-researcher and the learners in one of her English classes work to understand the quality of classroom life that they co-construct during their pleasant pedagogic interaction. The research was carried out through a pedagogic activity with exploratory potential. This work for understanding searched for the understandings of all the participants regarding the quality of their classroom teaching-learning experience. The analysis of the exploratory discourse produced by the students and the teacher’s reflective narrative of her personal professional experience was based on Bakhtin’s (2003) notions of historicity, dialogism, utterance and voice as well as the notion of affect, as discussed by Arnold & Brown (1999) and Allwright & Bailey (1991). The understandings reached by the teacher-researcher about her professional experiences and the reflexive analysis developed in this study suggest that the 1701 class is a space shared by people with different knowings and pedagogical beliefs, who echo demonstrations of affect. The quality of this group’s enjoyable classroom life appears to be co-constructed through the Good-mornings! shared in the beginning of their classes, through the teacher’s personal characteristics and knowledge-base, through the socio-affective relations established among the people in the classroom, and through the cognitive processes developed.

[pt] O apogeu da borracha (década de 90, do século XIX) e a instalação da Zona Franca de Manaus (1967), apesar de favorecerem o crescimento da cidade, intensificaram um passivo social, pois Manaus não apresentava uma infra-estrutura urbana compatível com a demanda da imigração. Com isso, os entornos dos igarapés começaram a ser ocupados de forma desordenada, ocasionando sérios problemas ambientais e comprometendo a qualidade de vida dos ocupantes dessas áreas. Visando resolver as questões relacionadas a essas problemáticas, o Governo do Estado do Amazonas desenvolveu, a partir de 2003, o PROSAMIM (Programa Social e Ambiental dos Igarapés de Manaus). Esta iniciativa converteu-se em motivação para a realização desta pesquisa, pois pretendeu-se identificar quais foram os impactos socioambientais do PROSAMIM, estabelecer a relação entre sustentabilidade socioambiental e qualidade de vida e caracterizar o conceito de qualidade de vida a partir da percepção dos moradores da comunidade pesquisada. A partir dessas pretensões, esta pesquisa foi, quanto aos meios, uma pesquisa documental e para se obter outros dados, adotou-se a entrevista do tipo estruturada e a aplicação de um questionário do tipo fechado e estruturado. A pesquisa admite que o PROSAMIM proporcionou melhorias na vida dos moradores, integrando de forma significativa as áreas de intervenção do programa à cidade, alterando de forma intensa a paisagem urbana ao, por exemplo, reassentar as famílias em um ambiente requalificado. / [en] The heyday of the rubber (90s, nineteenth century) and the installation of the Manaus Free Zone (1967), while favoring the growth of the city, have intensified a social liability, since Manaus was not in an urban infrastructure compatible with the demand immigration. Thus, the surroundings of the streams began to be occupied in a disordered fashion, leading to serious environmental problems affecting the quality of life for occupants of these areas. Aimed at resolving issues related to these problems, the Government of the State of Amazonas developed, from 2003, PROSAMIM (Social and Environmental Program of the streams of Manaus). This initiative has become a motivation for this research because we sought to identify what were the social and environmental impacts of PROSAMIM establish the relationship between social and environmental sustainability and quality of life and to characterize the concept of quality of life from the perception of the residents from the researched community. From these claims, this research was, as to the means, the document retrieval and to obtain other data, we adopted the type of structured interview and the application of a closed-type questionnaire and structured. The study acknowledges that the PROSAMIM provided improvements in the lives of residents, incorporating significantly the areas of intervention programs to the city, changing the intensely urban landscape by, for example, resettling families in an environment reclassified.

This dissertation is focused on the problematic of content and motivation of employees in a concrete firm and the problem of high fluctuation connected with it. In the theoretical part there are summarized basic knowledge from the sphere of motivation and work motivation, demonstrated the best known theories of motivation and leading styles; and summarized knowledge of The work life quality research which is related to value orientation of employees in the Czech Republic. In the practical part I have analyzed recent situation in workmen's content and motivation using a questionnaire enquiry among employees. The employees were asked about a importance of single aspects of content with work -- wage, supervisor behaviour, processing atmosphere, access to information, job stability, appreciation of attained results, service conditions, scope of employment, employee benefits and financial bonuses. From gained information I have summarized conclusions and recommendation for leading an organization.

The diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of present state of the quality of life in regions in the Czech Republic. The comparison of regions is based on statistically monitored quantitative data -- objective indicators of the quality of life. In chosen Vysočina region aditionally qualitative indicators that include subjective evaluation of conditions of life in the region were monitored. First two chapters deal with the theory of quality of life and the methods of the measurement. The third part of the thesis focuses on the practical analyses . The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate objective conditions of the quality of life using total hierarchical index in all regions, demonstrate regional differences and analyze subjective quality of life in Vysočina region. The analysis of statistical data, scholarly issues and moreover empirical research were used to achieve the aim.

Begreppet stomi härstammar från grekiska ordet stoma och definieras som mun eller öppning. Det finns olika varianter av stomier, men av alla stomier som utförs i Norden utgör kolostomier cirka 60% av dessa. Det kirurgiska ingreppet som används kallas för Hartmanns operation som innebär att den sjuka delen av tjocktarmen avlägsnas och resterande delen av tarmen konstrueras till en kolostomi. Syfte var att belysa personers upplevelser av en kolostomi. Metoden hade ett induktivt förhållningssätt och resultatartiklarna var kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar. Artikelsökningarna genomfördes i PubMed och Cinahl. Utifrån dataanalysen presenterades fyra huvudkategorier personers upplevelser av försämrad livskvalité, personers upplevelser av sociala relationer, personers upplevelser av otillräcklig information och personers upplevelser av livsstilsförändringar samt fyra subkategorier, upplevelser av osäkerhet i sociala sammanhang, upplevelser av nära relationer i samband med en kolostomi, att anpassa sina kläder och att anpassa sin kost. Resultatet beskrev att personerna upplevde en försämrad livskvalitet i förhållande till begränsningar i vardagen, påverkan på sociala relationer, livsstilsförändringar och brist på information från vårdgivare. Litteraturstudien kan bidra till en fördjupad kunskap och förståelse för personers upplevelser av en kolostomi. / The word ostomy originates from the Greek word stoma and is defined as mouth or opening. There are different types of stomas, but out of all stomas in Scandinavia approximately 60% of these are colostomies. The procedure that is used for colostomies is called Hartmann's surgery, which means that the diseased part of the intestine is removed and the remaining part is constructed as a colostomy. The aim was to illustrate people’s experiences of a colostomy. The method was based on an inductive approach and qualitative articles. The search was conducted in PubMed and Cinahl. The findings of this study resulted in four main categories, people's experiences of deteriorated quality of life, people's experiences of social relationships, people's experiences of insufficient information and experiences of lifestyle changes and four subcategories, experiences of insecurity in social contexts, experiences of close relationships in relation to a colostomy, to adapt their clothes and to adapt their diet. In conclusion, the results described low quality of life related to limitations in the daily life, impact on social relationships, lifestyle changes and lack of information from healthcare providers. This literature study can contribute in deeper knowledge and understanding of people’s experiences of a colostomy.

Master of Urban and Regional Planning

Orientador: Tania Ruiz / Resumo: O acelerado processo de envelhecimento populacional, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento constitui-se num dos grandes desafios a serem equacionados nas próximas décadas. No Brasil ainda são poucos os estudos epidemiológicos sobre a população idosa, principalmente em municípios de pequeno porte. Este é um estudo epidemiológico multidimensional que avaliou o universo dos idosos de 60 anos e mais, usuários do SUS num pequeno município paulista (3650 habitantes). Foram feitas entrevistas domiciliares a 322 idosos (92,8% da população idosa total do município), onde foram colhidas informações sobre características pessoais; condições socio-econômicas; condições de saúde, hábitos e percepção da qualidade de vida. Os resultados mostraram uma população de baixa escolaridade (87% com até primário incompleto); classe econômica baixa (82,3%); grande prevalência de edentulismo (89,1%); com pouco acesso a serviços preventivos básicos: 41% das mulheres nunca fez um Papanicolaou; 67,3% dos homens nunca fez um exame de próstata e 27% nunca consultaram um oftalmologista. Apesar dessas carências e seqüelas, a maioria dos entrevistados (88,8%) disseram estar felizes com suas vidas atuais. Conclui-se que essa população apresenta carências e seqüelas que necessitam ser atendidas visando a melhoria da qualidade de suas vidas. São apresentadas algumas recomendações para o desenvolvimento de ações a nível local, que visem atender algumas dessas necessidades e feita a recomendação para que se invista em ações de prevenção primária preparando as gerações mais novas para que quando sejam idosos tenham mais autonomia, maior produtividade, mais saúde e menor número de seqüelas evitáveis de doenças crônico-degenerativas e, portanto tenham melhores condições para serem mais felizes com qualidade de vida melhor. Palavras chave: Epidemiologia de idosos, Idosos do SUS, Idosos e qualidade de vida. / Abstract: The accelerated process of population aging, mainly in developing countries, consist in one of the greatest challenges to be faced during the next decades. In Brazil there are still very few epidemiological studies about old aged population, especially living in small municipal districts. This is an epidemiological and multidimensional study which evaluated the universe of sixty years old and elder people, users of the SUS in a small municipal district of the state of São Paulo ( 3,650 inhabitants ).322 domiciliary interviews have been done with old people ( 92,2 percent from total of old aged population in that municipal district ), when informations were collected about: personal characteristics; socio-economical conditions; health conditions; customs and perception of life quality. Results have shown : low school level ( 87 percent with incomplete primary school/grade school ); low economical class ( 83,2 % ); high predominance of toothless persons ( 89,1 % ); quiet little access to basic preventive services; 40 % of the women never have done a Pap smear; 67,3 percent of the men never have dons a prostate examination and 27 percent never have seen an ophtalmologist. Despite these needfulnesses and their sequels, the majority of inquired people ( 88,8 % ) has told that they were happy with their present life conditions. Thus it follows that this population shows needfulnesses and their sequels which ought to be solve in order to improve their life quality. Some suggestions are presented to promote local actions which aim is to attend some of those necessities and also an advice is made to invest into primary preventive measures, so that younger generations, when they will become old, should be more independent, should have more productivity, a better health and a lower level of avoidable chronical degenerative diseases. Thus they might have more conditions to be happy with a better life quality. / Mestre

Bakgrund: Målet med palliativ vård i livets slutskede är att främja välbefinnandet, lindra lidandet och att trygga livskvaliteten. Anhöriga och dess närstående ska ges stöd utifrån en helhetssyn där fysiska, psykiska, sociala och andliga behov säkerställs med hjälp av ett multiprofessionellt vårdteam. Anhöriga kan bidra med kunskap som är viktig i vården och samtidigt få stöd från vårdpersonalen för att kunna stödja sina närstående. Faktorer som påverkar kvaliteten vid palliativ vård är vårdpersonalens tro, attityd och erfarenhet. Syfte: Att belysa anhörigas upplevelse av palliativ vård. Metod: Studien är kvalitativ och baseras på 15 vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna har inhämtats från databaserna CINAHL, PubMed och Medline. Resultat: Visar att anhöriga upplever rädsla, stress och otillräcklighet i samband med att deras anhöriga är i livets slutskede. Anhöriga talar om vikten av delaktighet i den närståendes vård, olika typer av stöd och kommunikationen med sjuksköterskor som faktorer som underlättar för de anhöriga att acceptera situationen. Konklusion: Anhöriga kan känna sig begränsade i sin vardag på grund av den förändring i familjesituationen som blir till följd av den närståendes långvariga sjukdom. För att hantera den nya situationen som de anhöriga inte är vana vid är det viktigt att vårdpersonalen inkluderar dem i ett brytpunktssamtal. Sjuksköterskor behöver evidensbaserad utbildning om kommunikations- och samarbetsförmåga för att kunna stödja anhöriga. / Background: Care at the end of life aims to promote well-being, relieve suffering and to keep up the quality of life. Family members and their loved ones must be supported because of a holistic view where physical, mental, social, and spiritual needs are provided with the help of a multi-professional care team. Family members can contribute with knowledge that is important in care, at the same time they may need support from healthcare professionals to be able to support their loved ones. Factors that affect the quality of palliative care are the healthcare professionals' beliefs, attitudes, and experiences. Objectives: To highlight the relatives’ experience of palliative care. Method: The study was conducted as a qualitative literature review based on 15 scientific articles. The articles were obtained from the databases CINAHL, PubMed and Medline. Results: Results from this study show that family members experience fear, stress, and inadequacy for their loved ones in the final stages of life. Family members emphasize that participation in the patient's care, various support and communication with nurses make it easier for them to accept the situation. Conclusion: Family members may feel limited in their daily lives due to change in the family situation because of the long-term illness of their loved one. To handle the new situation that the family members are not used to, it is important that the healthcare professionals include them in the meeting, which is called a breakpoint conversation. Nurses require evidence-based training on families' conference communication and collaboration skills to be able to support family members.

Bakgrund: Dysfagi innebär svårigheter att svälja och orsakerna till att drabbas varierar. Vardagen kan förändras drastiskt och måltiderna innefattar ofta stora utmaningar. Även spontaniteten i vardagen kan påverkas och planering inför sociala aktiviteter mer omfattande. Skam kan påverka den sociala samvaron och föranleda självisolering. Med dysfagin kommer ökade risker vid måltider som att sätta i halsen vilket i värsta fall kan leda till döden. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att belysa hur vuxna patienter som lever med dysfagi upplever sin livskvalité. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie, vilken baserades på tio resultatartiklar som bearbetades. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i två huvudkategorier: Dysfagin upptar hela mitt liv och Interaktion är avgörande för min livskvalité och fyra underkategorier: Dysfagin kräver all min uppmärksamhet, Känslor kring situationer i vardagen med dysfagi, Copingstrategier bidrar till hopp om framtiden samt Mina behov av stöd från vård och omsorg. Konklusion: Upplevelser som påverkade livskvaliteten hos patienterna var bland annat förändrade kostvanor och den självupplevda sociala samvaron. Goda relationer och tydlig kommunikation visade sig också ge goda förutsättningar för att förbättra livskvaliteten. / Background: Dysphagia means swallowing difficulties and the causes of the problem vary. Everyday life can change drastically, and meals often involve major challenges. Even spontaneity in everyday life can be affected and planning for social activities more extensive. Shame can affect social interaction and lead to self-isolation. With dysphagia comes increased risks during meals such as choking, which in the worst case can lead to death. Purpose: The purpose of the study was to describe how adult patients living with dysphagia experience their quality of life. Method: The study was conducted as a general literature study, which was based on ten result articles that were processed and analyzed. Results: The results generated in two main categories: Dysphagia occupies my whole life and Interaction is crucial for my quality of life and four subcategories: Dysphagia requires all my attention, Feelings about situations in everyday life with dysphagia, Coping strategies contributes hope for the future and My needs for support from care and welfare. Conclusion: Experiences that affected the quality of life included changes in dietary habits and perceived social interaction. Good relationships and clear communication also proved to provide good conditions for improving the quality of life.