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Putting the Magnifying Glass on NationalVictimization Statistics : A Descriptive Study onLocal Crime Victimization Patterns in a Medium-Sized Swedish CityForzelius, Adam, Lejfalk, Daniel January 2017 (has links)
Introduction: Crime victimization is a problem affecting both individuals and societies. Previous research has looked at the associations between victimization and other factors, and many countries employ self-reported victimization surveys to establish what the victimization patterns look like at different societal levels. Aims: By examining victimization proportions and patterns, this study aimed to further the understanding of what the crime victimization problem looks like in a medium-sized Swedish city. Method: 149 men and 146 women, for a total of 295 inhabitants of Sundsvall, answered self-reported victimization surveys based on the Swedish Crime Survey. The gathered data was subsequently quantified and analyzed. Results: In total, 11.9 % of the sample reported some type of victimization. Overall, men were more likely to be victimized than women, and crimes against persons were more common than crimes against property. Occupation and socio-economic status were significantly associated with victimization. More than half of the victimizations were not reported to the police, and victimization was significantly associated with a lower trust in the criminal justice system and the police. Conclusion: Medium-sized cities like Sundsvall seem to have considerably lower proportions of victimization than the counties, regions and nation as a whole. The rates of reporting and patterns of victimization found, however, are in accord with findings on other societal levels and could to some extent be explained through the principles of the routine activities/lifestyle theory. / <p>2017-06-01</p>
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The comparison of visual skills, lifestyle evaluation, body composition, blood pressure and cardio stress index, before and after sports vision exercisesMahomed Ali, Faheema January 2014 (has links)
Sports vision gained attention in the late 90’s and has since been the focus of many research studies. Thus far sports vision research has effectively succeeded in determining the importance of visual skills and also discovering the ability to improve visual skills through training. It is this ability to enhance visual skill performance that has led to the development of vision training programmes. However, the effectiveness of these training programmes is far from unanimous with many studies yielding inconclusive results. Possible reasons for this are the lack of scientific measures implored, testing and training of skills that are not specific to the subjects and training programmes that are unrealistic. Another major area that is missing from sports vision research is the accountability of external variables like; lifestyle, anthropometric and cardiac measurements. Aspects such as; stress, nutrition and hypo/hypertension are proposed to either have an enhancing or declining effect on visual skills. These relationships have not been scientifically tested and remain undefined. It is also important to note that research has thus far been limited to athletes.
This study therefore aimed to determine the effect of two different training programmes on the visual skill performance of university students. Furthermore, external variables are determined to certify that visual skill training alone would improve visual skills and to determine and define if any relationships exist between visual skills and external variables.
In order to meet the aims of this study, volunteer university students underwent pre testing of specific visual skills together with lifestyle evaluations, body composition and cardiac health testing. Thereafter the total participants (n=600) were divided into three groups. Group 1 (n=169) acted as a control group with no visual training taking place in a six week period, group 2 (n=225) underwent lab-based training with a simple repetition of testing methods used as training methods and group 3 (n=205) underwent training via an internet- based training method. Thereafter all variables were tested again and statistical analysis of the data was performed.
Results showed the lab-based training group having the most improvement in visual skills with all skills improving besides vergence. The Eyedrills training group also showed significant improvements in focusing, tracking and eye- hand coordination. The control group showed the least improvement in visual skills thereby ruling out the notion of improvements occurring only due to test familiarity.
Significant changes occurred in a variety of the external variables across the three groups. Due to the varied results with regards to external variables, correlations between these variables and visual skill performance is still unclear and remains undefined.
There is enough evidence from this study to conclude that visual skills are improved due to visual skill training. The change from the typical subject type (i.e. athletes) is important in the expansion of visual skill testing and training to other fields besides the sports one. The effect of external variables on visual skills still remains unanswered and therefore more precise research in this regard is warranted. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / gm2014 / Physiology / unrestricted
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Senioři jako cílová skupina lifestylových časopisů / Senior people as a target group of lifestyle magazinesMannová, Denisa January 2011 (has links)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze Fakulta sociálních věd Institu komunikačních studií a žurnalistiky Denisa Mannová Diplomová práce Senioři jako cílová skupina lifestylových časopisů (Seniors as the target group of lifestyle magazines) Abstract This thesis deals with seniors' view on the magazines market and tries to find out whether seniors know about magazines which are produced for them. Apart from that, the thesis analyses a sample of four magazines focused on seniors: Generace, Revue 50plus, Vital plus, Magazín 55+ (or Magazín Plus), year 2010. In order to understand the subject matter of this thesis, the first chapter deals with definitions and their interpretation. The first subchapter discusses the term "age" or "oldness" as well as the current status of seniors in our society. The second subchapter defines the term "lifestyle magazine". The following chapter is dedicated to the media market, specifically to the area of printed periodicals. It introduces the most widely read magazines on the Czech market, discusses periodicals focused on seniors in the Czech Republic (whether printed or electronic) and, marginally, also mentions magazines focused on senior published in other countries. The third chapter deals with advertising, evaluates the relationship between advertisers and the abovementioned magazines....
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Medical doctors physical activity patterns and their advice about chronic diseases of lifestyle risk reduction in TanzaniaKaruguti, M. Wallace January 2010 (has links)
Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Chronic diseases of lifestyle (CDL) are on a raising trend in the world regardless of age, economic class or geographical location of a population. The mortality rate associated with CDL is alarmingly among the highest globally. Tanzania is not exempted from this development. Literature indicates that physical activity is a health practice that can prevent CDL. It is recommended that medical practitioners should hold the responsibility of counselling patients on physical activity. Some studies outside Africa found an association between doctors’ physical activity patterns and their counselling practices on the same. This study therefore sought to establish whether physical inactivity among medical doctors in Tanzania significantly influenced their counselling practices on physical activity. A cross sectional quantitative survey at the Muhimbili National Hospital and Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute was conducted to derive the required information. A self administered structured questionnaire was voluntarily answered by 144 medical doctors. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 was used for data capturing and analysis. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize data and was expressed as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. The students’t-test was used to compare mean physical activity between different groups. Furthermore students’t-test and analysis of variance tests were used to examine association between different variables. Chisquare tests were used to test for associations between categorical variables. Alpha level was set at p< 0.05. Most of the participants in this study were sedentary in their leisure time and only active at work. When their quality of physical activity counselling was assessed, the majority of them were found to be poor physical activity counsellors. A significant association was found between physical activity and age, as well as physical activity and counselling practice (p<0.05). Participants mostly informed their patients about the intensity and duration of exercising more than any other idea of physical activity such as types of exercises, issuing of a written prescription and planning for a follow up. Lack of knowledge and experience about details of physical activity were reasons offered for failure to counsel. Participants also reported the inconvenience of physical activity facility’s schedules, fatigue and tiredness to be their barriers to physical activity participation. Doctors in Tanzania lacked personal initiative to participate in physical activity and consequently lacked the motivation to counsel. Measures around enhancing this health practice should be enhanced by all stakeholders including medical doctors, physiotherapists and patients. The need for short term and long term training in matters related to physical activity are therefore necessary among the practicing doctors and those undergoing training in medical schools. Physiotherapists who are trained in movement science can offer valuable advice/information to medical doctors to ensure that medical doctors acquire physical activity prescription and counselling knowledge. Collaboration between stakeholders in campaigning against sedentary lifestyles should be enhanced. Further reasons for failure to counsel, hindrances to physical activity participation and modern approaches to counselling should be explored. / South Africa
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Medical doctors physical activity patterns and their advice about chronic diseases of lifestyle risk reduction in TanzaniaWallace, Karuguti M. January 2010 (has links)
Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Chronic diseases of lifestyle (CDL) are on a raising trend in the world regardless of age,economic class or geographical location of a population. The mortality rate associated with CDL is alarmingly among the highest globally. Tanzania is not exempted from this development.Literature indicates that physical activity is a health practice that can prevent CDL. It is recommended that medical practitioners should hold the responsibility of counselling patients on physical activity. Some studies outside Africa found an association between doctors’ physical activity patterns and their counselling practices on the same. This study therefore sought to
establish whether physical inactivity among medical doctors in Tanzania significantly influenced their counselling practices on physical activity. A cross sectional quantitative survey at the Muhimbili National Hospital and Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute was conducted to derive the required information. A self administered structured questionnaire was voluntarily answered by 144 medical doctors. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 was used for
data capturing and analysis. Descriptive statistics were employed to summarize data and was expressed as means, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages. The students’t-test was used to compare mean physical activity between different groups. Furthermore students’t-test and analysis of variance tests were used to examine association between different variables. Chisquare
tests were used to test for associations between categorical variables. Alpha level was set at p< 0.05. Most of the participants in this study were sedentary in their leisure time and only active at work. When their quality of physical activity counselling was assessed, the majority of them were found to be poor physical activity counsellors. A significant association was found between physical activity and age, as well as physical activity and counselling practice (p<0.05).Participants mostly informed their patients about the intensity and duration of exercising more
than any other idea of physical activity such as types of exercises, issuing of a written prescription and planning for a follow up. Lack of knowledge and experience about details of physical activity were reasons offered for failure to counsel. Participants also reported the inconvenience of physical activity facility’s schedules, fatigue and tiredness to be their barriers to physical activity participation. Doctors in Tanzania lacked personal initiative to participate in physical activity and consequently lacked the motivation to counsel. Measures around enhancing
this health practice should be enhanced by all stakeholders including medical doctors,physiotherapists and patients. The need for short term and long term training in matters related to physical activity are therefore necessary among the practicing doctors and those undergoing training in medical schools. Physiotherapists who are trained in movement science can offer valuable advice/information to medical doctors to ensure that medical doctors acquire physical activity prescription and counselling knowledge. Collaboration between stakeholders in campaigning against sedentary lifestyles should be enhanced. Further reasons for failure to counsel, hindrances to physical activity participation and modern approaches to counselling should be explored.
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The prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among people living in Mombasa, KenyaTawa, Nassib January 2010 (has links)
Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Chronic non-communicable diseases, including cardio-vascular diseases and stroke, cancer, type 2 diabetes and chronic pulmonary disorders, are rapidly emerging as leading causes of morbidity and premature mortalities globally. The majority of the populations worldwide have experienced major transformations in disease profiles and health status characterized by a shift from infectious diseases and nutritional deficiencies to a predominance of chronic diseases of lifestyle. This epidemiological transition is regarded as an outcome of the environmental and
socioeconomic changes following urbanization.Common behavioral health risk factors, such as smoking, risky alcohol consumption,sedentarism, overweigh/obesity and hypertension, have consistently been attributed to the
development of chronic non-communicable diseases among populations.This thesis seeks to describe the epidemiology of the major common risk factors for noncommunicable diseases among people living in Mombasa, Kenya. The study responds to the WHO’S recommendations on comprehensive and continuous risk factor surveillance as an essential component of the public health information system and a vital health promoting strategy in the control and prevention of non-communicable diseases.A cross-sectional study design using the WHO STEPwise protocol was employed.Convenient stratification of the Mombasa population was done according to gender, age and setting categories. Using the Yamane formula n = N/1+ N(e²), a sample of 500 participants aged 15 to 70 years was arrived at. The researcher then conveniently selected public high schools, tertiary institutions, workplaces and a marketplace as the study settings.The WHO STEPS instrument (Core and Expanded Version 1.4) was used for data collection. Step 1 involved gathering information on socio-demographic characteristics and health-related behaviors of the participants using close-ended structured questions. Step involved the taking of simple anthropometrical measurements pertaining to height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure and pulse rate.Data were captured, cleaned and analyzed using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) and
SPSS version 16.0. Chi-square and Spearman correlation tests were used to determine associations between socio-demographic variables and behavioral health risk factors.The results indicated that 61% of the study participants possessed at least one of the investigated risk factors. 17% of the participants had a multiple risk factor profile, with 54% more females having a higher mean risk factor score compared to 46% of their male counterparts.Physical inactivity, hypertension and overweight/obesity were the most common registered risk factors, accounting respectively for 42%, 24% and 11%. Physical inactivity and hypertension formed the commonest cluster of multiple risk factor patterns; they co-occurred in 68% of the participants with a multiple risk factor profile.Increasing age, female gender and a low level of educational attainment were factors seen to be significantly associated with the development of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among the participants. It was observed that the burden of risk factors was unequally distributed among Mombasa residents; intervention programs based on our findings should therefore be used to ensure effectiveness. Future studies using nationally representative samples are further suggested to provide a more comprehensive analysis of a national risk factor profile.
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Factors associated with participation in physical activity among adults with hypertension in Kigali, RwandaUmuvandimwe, Bernardin January 2011 (has links)
Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio) / Hypertension is one of the most common non-communicable diseases, and it is the
leading cause of cardiovascular diseases, death and disability worldwide, especially in developing countries. Physical activity has been regarded as a commonly accepted modality for preventing and treating hypertension. However, despite its known benefits, this modality of treatment and prevention of hypertension continues to be underused.The present study aimed to determine the demographic, social and health-related factors that are associated with levels of physical activity participation among adults with hypertension in Kigali, Rwanda. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 252 adults with hypertension and 87 healthcare professionals through the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire (GLTEQ) and Physical Activity Exit Interview (PAEI). Two thirds of the participants (69.44%) were classified as sedentary. The following factors were found to be significantly (P<0.05) associated with the levels of physical activity:age, marital status, and level of education, residence, tobacco; past and current users, alcohol; current user, diabetes mellitus, BMI, perceived health status, self-efficacy, and blood pressure. None of the healthcare professionals were considered good physical
activity counsellor. The findings of the present study highlight the need for the
implementation of health promotion strategies aimed at promoting physical activity
lifestyle among individuals with hypertension in Rwanda. Efforts should be made in
educating people with hypertension on the benefits of integrating regular physical
activity in their daily lives. Furthermore, healthcare professionals should be educated concerning how to promote physical activity to all patients especially those with hypertension.
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Perceptions, attitudes and challenges about obesity and adopting a healthy lifestyle among health workers in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal ProvinceSimfukwe, Patrick January 2015 (has links)
Magister Public Health - MPH / The prevalence of obesity is reported to be high among health workers both in high-income and low-income countries. This is alarming, as health workers not only serve the community’s health needs, but should also serve as role models for a healthy lifestyle. Health workers are instrumental in delivering quality health care to patients and the entire population at large and if they are unable to take care of their own health, staff shortages may become severe, resulting in deteriorating health service delivery. It is therefore important that obesity among health workers is reduced before it gets worse. It has been noted that there is an increasing prevalence of obesity among health workers, which in turn is a common risk factor in all non-communicable diseases. The current study explored perceptions and attitudes about obesity amongst health workers in Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal province. This was an explorative and descriptive qualitative study utilizing in-depth interviews for data collection. A total of 18 health workers from the three selected hospitals in Pietermaritzburg medical metropolitan were interviewed. Thematic analysis was done, using. a priori themes from the health belief model. The current study found that all health workers were aware of the negative consequences of being overweight or obese. However, only a few of the participating health workers chose to adopt a healthy lifestyle as a result of their weight. Some of the positive motivators were improving their public image, improving their health status and becoming more flexible, while negative motivators were finding it difficult to fit into old clothes, fear of suffering from obesity related conditions and reducing the risk of suffering from NCDs. The health worker participants reported that African cultural beliefs, limited operational times of physical activity facilities and unavailability of healthy food were barriers to adopting a healthy lifestyle. The African cultural belief of considering people who are overweight to be healthy, progressive and prosperous prevents people from changing their behaviour on weight control. In addition, participating hospitals do not have independent physical exercising facilities as such the available physiotherapy departments give priority to patients, resulting in staff members having only limited hours for exercising. Lastly, the participating hospitals did not sell healthy food options in the cafeterias resulting in health workers buying what is available. Public health care facilities need to invest in their work force. This may include giving health workers access to physical exercise facilities and affordable healthy food within the hospital. The infrastructure and system should enable them to pursue a healthy lifestyle. Institutions should introduce health-behaviour change programmes on obesity and other NCDs in order to combat established cultural norms, which advocate for overweight body sizes to be desirable because of positive cultural connotation afforded to them. / The National Research Foundation (NRF)
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An Exploration of Self-Compassion and Wellness Behaviors Among Practicing School CounselorsTodd, Anjanette 05 April 2017 (has links)
According to the American School Counseling Association (ASCA, 2010), school counselors are charged with meeting the academic, social/emotional and career needs of all students (2010). In addition, school counselors serve as the front line in dealing with trauma and crisis in their schools. Those counselors who understand the importance of their own wellness and practice healthy lifestyle behaviors are better equipped to meet these demands.
Unfortunately, not all school counselors are practicing what they advocate for their students relative to promoting wellness in their own lives (O'Halloran & Linton, 2000). This lack of congruence, where school counselors are not modeling the positive lifestyle and self-care behaviors they expect of their students, may take a toll on counselors’ emotional health.
Research has been conducted exploring counselor wellness through the lens of compassion fatigue and burnout, but there has been limited research from a strength-based perspective specifically with school counselors. This study aims to add to the literature and explore the experiences of individual school counselors who can prioritize and integrate wellness principles and self-compassion behaviors and have been able to persist in the profession for 10 years or more.
Seven school counselors participated in semi-structured interviews that explored their experiences regarding wellness behaviors and the practice of self-compassion. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the qualitative data. Results indicated school counselors do integrate self-compassion and positive wellness behaviors. All participants shared several wellness practices such as, scheduling and modeling self-care, seeking out opportunities to increase their knowledge in the area of wellness as well as the practice of self-compassionate behavior.
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Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att möta kvinnor som har stressrelaterade symtom : En kvalitativ intervjustudieBergqvist, Elin, Reffel, Malin January 2017 (has links)
Bakgrund: Statistik från Försäkringskassan (2016) visar att stressrelaterad sjukskrivning i form av utmattningssyndrom har ökat markant de senaste åren där ökningen är störst bland kvinnor, och dubbelt så vanligt jämfört med män. Det handlar om krav och förväntningar i vardagen, och om svårigheten att hålla balansen mellan dessa. Att arbeta förebyggande för att förhindra sjukskrivning på grund av stress är viktigt och livsstilsmottagning på hälsocentral kan vara en arena för det. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av arbetet på livsstilsmottagning med kvinnor som har stressrelaterade symtom. Metod: Studien är empirisk och utgår från en kvalitativ design med induktiv karaktär. Sex sjuksköterskor deltog i studien där semistrukturerade intervjuer användes. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys har använts vid analys av data. Resultat: Följande kategorier framkom; Sjuksköterskans insatster vid stressymtom, där tydliggörs sjuksköterskans insatser i mötet med kvinnan. Teamsamverkan, där beskrivs befintlig/obefintlig teamsamverkan mellan professioner. Preventivt arbete efterfrågas, där sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av hur ett preventivt arbete med stress skulle kunna utformas. Behov av kompetensutveckling gällande stress, där framkom brist på kompetensutveckling och Utmaningar i arbetet med stressymtom där det framkom sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av svårigheter med att tydliggöra hos kvinnan om stressens påverkan. Slutsats: Sjuksköterskors erfarenhet visar att det idag saknas kompetens på Livsstilsmottagning gällande stresshantering. Resultatet av studien belyser vikten av att involvera sjuksköterskan i arbetet med stress. / Background: Statistics from Försäkringskassan (2016) show that stress-related illness claims due to burnout have significantly increased over the last few years. Whereas this increase is greatest amongst women, it is also twice as common amongst them when compared to men. This is mainly due to the demands and expectations of everyday life, as well as the difficulties in being able to balance them. Working preventively to prevent sick leave due to stress is important and lifestyle medical center can be an arena for it. Purpose: The purpose is to illustrate the experiences of nurses at a lifestyle medical center when it comes to working with women that have stress-related symptoms. Method: The study is empirical and based upon a qualitative design with an inductive nature. Six nurses participated in the study, and semi-structured interviews were performed. Qualitative content analysis has been used to analyze the data. Results: The following categories emerged; The efforts of nurses in the case of stress-related symptoms, which clarifies the nurse's efforts in the meeting with the woman, Teamwork, which describes existing/non-existent teamwork between professions. Preventative work is requested, where nurses´ experience of how preventive stress work could be designed and The need for development of competencies pertaining to stress and exhaustion when it comes to work concerning stress-related symptoms, where nurses´ experience of difficulties in clarifying the stress of stress on the woman. Conclusion: The experiences of nurses show that there is a lack of competence when it comes to dealing with the treatment of stress at lifestyle medical centers. The results of the study highlight the importance of getting nurses involved when working with stress.
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