Background: Prediabetes is strongly related to an unhealthy lifestyle and it is a growing public health problem. It is of great importance to start a lifestyle change at an early stage to prevent type 2 diabetes. The primary care nurse ́s mission is to support patients with prediabetes to a lifestyle change. Objective: The aim of the study was to describe experiences of lifestyle changes on adult patients with prediabetes. Method: Qualitative study with semi-structured interviews. Adult persons with prediabetes were interviewed. The interviews were analyzed with a qualitative manifest content analysis. Results: Four main categories and ten subcategories were identified from the analysis. The main categories were consisted of: The importance in personal health in lifestyle change, which described the impact of the physical and mental health in lifestyle change. The importance of self- motivation, the main motivation to implement lifestyle change was the concern of developing type 2 diabetes. To succeed with the lifestyle change, the patients needed to create new routines and habits. The importance of healthcare relationship, emphasising the need for support from the nurse. The relationship with the nurse and the receiving of the patients was of high significance to succeed with the lifestyle changes. The impact of the surrounding, family and friends were described to have booth a positive and a negative impact on the implementation in lifestyle change. Conclusion: The patients with prediabetes had the insight that they needed to make a lifestyle change. Despite reaching the insight, the patients found it difficult to implement and sustain the lifestyle change. The nurses role and supportive functions were of great significance for facilitating a lifestyle change. / Bakgrund: Prediabetes är starkt relaterat till en ohälsosam livsstil och är ett växande folkhälsoproblem. Det är av stor vikt att påbörja livsstilsförändring i ett tidigt stadium för att förhindra utveckling till diabetes typ 2. Distriktssköterskans uppdrag innebär att stödja patienter med prediabetes till livsstilsförändringar. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva vuxna patienters erfarenheter av livsstilsförändring vid prediabetes. Metod: Kvalitativ studie med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Nio vuxna personer med prediabetes intervjuades. Data analyserades genom kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys. Resultat: Utifrån analysen identifierades fyra huvudkategorier och tio underkategorier. Huvudkategorierna bestod av: Den egna hälsans betydelse vid livsstilsförändring, som beskriver den fysiska och psykiska hälsans påverkan vid livsstilsförändring. Den egna motivationens betydelse, den främsta motivationen att genomföra livsstilsförändring var oron att insjukna i diabetes typ 2. För att lyckas med livsstilsförändringar behövde patienterna skapa nya rutiner och vanor. Vårdrelationens betydelse, framhäver behovet av stöd från sjuksköterskan. Relationen med sjuksköterskan och bemötandet var betydelsefullt för att lyckas med livsstilsförändring. Omgivningens påverkan, familj och vänner beskrevs ha både en positiv och negativ inverkan vid genomförande av livsstilsförändring. Slutsats: Insikten fanns hos patienter med prediabetes att de behövde göra en livsstilsförändring. Trots insikten kunde det vara svårt att genomföra samt bibehålla livsstilsförändringen. Sjuksköterskans roll och stödjande funktion var betydelsefull för att främja livsstilsförändringen.

AbstractJuvenile delinquency is a problematic social phenomenon that could lead to major future social problems. These social problems are very likely to affect the juveniles as well as the society overall. Because of this, it is extremely important, but also interesting, to investigate and highlight this particular problem. An effort made to counteract this problem is a community intervention team (Sociala insatsgrupper), which through collaboration with various authorities aim to help juveniles from a criminal life. The purpose of the study was to investigate how community intervention teams in the city of Malmö work with juveniles who are living a criminal lifestyle. We also intended to investigate how the information that emerged about the effort harmonized with selected theory and previous research. In order to achieve this, we chose to conduct a document analysis based on selected documents, all of which explain and describe the work with community intervention teams. The results from the study shows that the work done by the community intervention teams, are highly well functioning, due to the collaborations between different authorities. Further on, the result shows that the information from the chosen documents do harmonize with theory and previous research, about juvenile delinquency.

Les ménages sont responsables d’une part significative des consommations d’énergie et des émissions de CO2, en particulier si l’on tient compte des consommations d’énergie et des émissions indirectes liées aux processus de production des biens et services consommés. Plusieurs travaux scientifiques et recommandations d’organisations gouvernementales et d’associations non-gouvernementales soulignent que des modifications des modes de consommations seront sans doute nécessaires pour atteindre les objectifs climatiques fixés aujourd’hui. Notre thèse propose une méthode d’analyse prospective de changements de mode de vie, qui permet d’en estimer les impacts macro-économiques ainsi que ceux sur les consommations d’énergie et les émissions de CO2, tout en tenant compte de l'hétérogénéité des ménages en matière de comportements et de consommations d'énergie. Notre méthode explore les modes de consommation des ménages de manière fine, en prenant en considération le lien entre emplois du temps et consommations. En effet, les choix de consommation sont soumis non seulement à des contraintes de budget, mais également à des contraintes qui dérivent du temps à disposition et qui ne sont jamais prises en compte dans la prospective macro- économique. Nous construisons une base de données détaillant emplois du temps, dépenses et consommations d’énergie des ménages français et nous l’articulons à un modèle de prospective économique énergie-émissions par un processus de repondération itératif. Nous illustrons la portée de cet outil à travers l’analyse de trois scénarios, centrés respectivement sur la diffusion de nouvelles formes de mobilité (covoiturage et autopartage), la généralisation des achats en ligne et le retour vers le faire soi-même en matière d'alimentation. Pour les trois scénarios nous observons des réductions des consommations d’énergie et des émissions de CO2. Par exemple, les émissions totales diminuent de 2,3% en 2050 dans le scénario sur la mobilité. / Household energy consumption represents a significant share of final energy use, especially when both direct and embodied energy are taken into account. Several academic studies, as well as the recommendations of the United Nations and of non-governmental organisations, suggest that a shift in consumption patterns will be necessary to achieve sustainable development. The aim of our research is to analyse long-term scenarios of changes in lifestyle. We propose a methodology that allows to analyse the macro-economic impacts of these changes, as well as the impacts on energy use and CO2 emissions, while taking into account the heterogeneity of behaviours and energy consumptions among households. Consumption choices do not derive solely from monetary considerations but they are influenced by several factors. One binding constraint, never taken into account in macro-economic energy modelling, is the available time. For this reason, our analysis considers time use data in addition to expenditure and energy use data. We build a data base that combines time use, expenditure and energy consumption data for French households, which provides detailed information about household consumption patterns. Then, for scenario analyses, we link the data base with an Energy-EconomyEmissions model, using an iteration process based on a reweighting technique. We illustrate the methodology by exploring three areas of change in consumption patterns: cooking habits, ecommerce and shared transport (carpooling and car sharing). We obtain CO2 emissions reductions in all scenarios. As an example, emissions decrease by 2.3% by 2050 in the scenario focusing on transport.

In the current media landscape, visual content is an influential and contributing part in the shaping of societal attitudes, conceptions and norms about gender. The main purpose of this qualitative study is thus to research how gender is visually displayed on the cover pages of two Swedish lifestyle magazines. Moreover, the aim is to investigate how the magazines visual portrayal of gender maintains, or challenges, traditional stereotypes about masculinity and femininity. The analysis is mainly based on Goffman’s theory of Gender Advertisements. Through a visual semiotic analysis, this study examines the cover models physical attributes, along with other semiotic resources such as setting, color and camera angle. From the overall results of the analysis, the conclusion drawn is that both men and women are depicted mostly in line with traditional gender stereotypes, with only small amounts of challenging characteristics made visible.

Bakgrund: Hjärtinfarkt är en folksjukdom. Risken att dö i hjärtinfarkt ökar med stigande ålder, särskilt efter 40-årsåldern. Livet efter hjärtinfarkt kan medföra depression och ångest som är en vanlig konsekvens av infarkten, kan påverka återhämtningsprocessen samt leder till lidande både för den drabbade och anhöriga. Under 2018 insjuknade i Sverige cirka 24 800 personer av akut hjärtinfarkt varav 5800 av dessa avled av sjukdomen. De senaste årtiondena har antalet infarkter och antalet döda per 100 000 invånare i Sverige minskat kraftigt. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att beskriva patienters upplevelser av livet efter hjärtinfarkt. Metod: En litteraturbaserad studie med 11 kvalitativa artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras sex teman: fysisk och psykisk utmattning, rädsla för ny hjärtinfarkt, betydelse av information och motivation, positiv livsinställning, stöd från närstående samt förstärkt religiös tro. Konklusion: Livet efter hjärtinfarkt upplevs som förändrat. För att hantera förändringen använder patienter sig av olika coping strategier till exempel positiv livsinställning, religion och livsstilsförändring. De flesta visar stor vilja till att komma tillbaka till det gamla livet. / Background: Myocardial infarction is a common disease. The risk of dying from a heart attack increases with increasing age, especially after 40. Life after myocardial infarction can lead to depression and anxiety, which is a common consequence of myocardial infarction. It can affect the recovery process and leads to suffering for both the patients and their relatives. Research shows that patients who have survived a heart attack can easily have depression and anxiety. In 2018, approximately 24,800 people fell ill in Sweden with acute myocardial infarction, of which 5,800 died of the disease. In recent decades, the number of myocardial infarction and the number of death per 100,000 inhabitants in Sweden has fallen sharp Aim: This study aims to describe the patients`experiences of life after myocardial infarction. Method: A literature-based study with 11 qualitative articles. Result: The results present six themes: physical and mental exhaustion, fear of a new heart attack, the importance of information and motivation, positive attitude towards life, support from relatives and strengthened religious faith. Conclusion: Life after myocardial infarction is experienced as changed. To manage the change, patients use different coping strategies such as positive attitude, religion and lifestyle change. Most people show a great desire to return to their old life.

京都大学 / 新制・論文博士 / 博士(医学) / 乙第13426号 / 論医博第2230号 / 新制||医||1053(附属図書館) / (主査)教授 今中 雄一, 教授 森田 智視, 教授 石見 拓 / 学位規則第4条第2項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

The Czech fashion industry is constantly in progress and has growth potential. However, it still has significant deficiencies. The thesis focuses on local fashion and its presentation in Czech lifestyle magazines. The primary quantitative research focused on examining the Czech lifestyle fashion magazine's environment and determining in what context and how often these media write about local fashion and its designers. Through the content analysis, the three fashion titles (Vogue CS, Elle, and Harper's Bazaar) were examined during the period between August 2018 and December 2020. The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the topic introduction, where deals with fashion and fashion journalism evolution. Then, the current situation in both fields is described. The methodological part consists of a theoretical basis, literary review, and research design. Three research questions and four hypotheses were formulated within this paper. Research results suggest that Czech fashion media outputs regarding the local fashion are mostly connected with Mercedes-Benz Prague Fashion Week via online editorial articles.

Bakgrund: Diabetes Mellitus typ 2 (DMT2) är en vanlig sjukdom över hela världen, den största orsaken bakom DMT2 är levnadsvanor och därför kan sjukdomen påverkas av livsstilsförändringar. Människors livskvalitet kan påverkas negativt av sjukdom och livskvaliteten kan variera stort mellan olika individer utifrån olika faktorer som hur de lever, hur de tänker och hur de hanterar olika situationer. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva vilken betydelse livsstilsförändringar kan ha på livskvaliteten vid diabetes typ 2. Metod: Studiens design var en beskrivande litteraturstudie. Studien baserades på elva vetenskapliga artiklar som söktes fram via databasen PubMed. För att analysera artiklarnas resultat användes en tematisk dataanalys. Huvudresultat: I vissa fall bidrog livsstilsförändringar inte till några större skillnader i livskvalitet hos personer med DMT2 och i andra fall gav det positiva effekter. Över lag gav livsstilsförändringarna någon typ av positiv effekt inom en eller flera undergrupper för livskvalitet. Slutsats: Livskvalitet är något som skattas individuellt och kan innebära olika från person till person. Därför varierar även betydelsen av livsstilsförändringar relaterat till livskvalitet. Det är viktigt att ha denna kunskap som sjuksköterska för att ha förståelse för patienter och kunna individanpassa vården och det stöd som ges. / Background: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a common disease all over the world and the biggest reason behind T2D is lifestyle behavior and because of that it can be affected by making lifestyle changes. The quality of life can be affected negatively by disease and the quality of life can differ between individuals depending on factors such as lifestyle, mindset and coping strategies. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe how the quality of life can be affected by lifestyle changes among type 2 diabetes patients. Method: The design of the study was a descriptive literature review. The study was based on eleven articles that were found searching the database PubMed. The data analysis that was used to analyze the results of the articles was a thematic data analysis. Main Result: In some cases, the lifestyle changes did not tribute to any significant changes in the quality of life amongst people with T2D and in other cases it had a positive effect. The lifestyle changes did overall give some sort of positive effect on one or more of the subscales of quality of life. Conclusion: The quality of life is very individual and has a different meaning to each and everyone. Because of that, the lifestyle changes may have various effect on the quality of life. This knowledge is important to have as a nurse to be able to give patient-centered care and to support and understand the patients’ needs.

To fully acknowledge the complexity of the climate change, responses to climate change needs to be redefined, taking into consideration social aspects.  In this study, I explored the social aspect of ontological security defined as a lens to understand high emission lifestyles. The aim of this study was to explore how ontological security helps to explain high emission lifestyles and explore what ontological security suggest in terms of policies addressing climate change emissions directed at high emission lifestyles. The study was conducted as a case study with a qualitative method where eight interviewees living in a high emission lifestyle region were selected from a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. The interviews were then analyzed based on the ontological security lens that was created before the interviews. The findings illustrate that being ontologically secure for people with high emission lifestyles could mean being attached to a lifestyle that is threatening the climate and that this attachment makes it hard to move away from unsustainable behaviours since that would risk reducing their ontological security. This indicates that their behavior is a cultural trait and ontological security show that the required change on individual level requires more than them just changing by individual choice. Based on the findings of the study, I argue that ontological security provides valuable insights within the social field of climate change and valuable insights in policy development.

La evolución de una nueva conciencia sobre problemas medioambientales provocó un cambio en la toma de decisiones de las personas respecto a su estilo de vida. Es por esta razón que el veganismo cobra mayor relevancia, pues se caracteriza en no solo ser un consumo libre de productos de origen animal sino también es un estilo de vida basado en la ética. El principal objetivo de este estilo de vida radica en el interés por involucrarse en un cambio pensando en el bienestar y desarrollo del futuro. El proyecto estudia la conexión y sensibilidad que caracteriza al vegano respecto a su preocupación por los animales y el cuidado del medio ambiente. La presente investigación tiene como objetivo proponer un proyecto de diseño a partir del estudio teórico y visual del veganismo. Para la colección se tomó como principal inspiración los colores de alimentos y la naturaleza, los cuales se trasladan a siluetas y texturas dentro de la colección. Asimismo, se busca transmitir el veganismo mediante el uso de procesos sostenibles, tintes naturales y materiales de origen vegetal. / The evolution of a new awareness of environmental problems caused a change in people's decision-making regarding their lifestyle. It is for this reason that veganism becomes more relevant, since it is not only as a free consumption of products of animal origin but also a lifestyle based on ethics. The main objective of this lifestyle lies in the interest to get involved in a change, thinking about the well-being and development of the future. The project studies the connection and sensitivity that characterizes vegan people regarding their concern for animals and caring for the environment. The present research aims to propose a design project based on the theoretical and visual study of veganism. The present research aims to propose a design project based on the theoretical and visual study of veganism. The main inspiration for the collection was food colors and nature, which are transferred to silhouettes and textures within the collection. Likewise, it seeks to transmit veganism through the use of sustainable processes, natural dyes and materials of plant origin. / Trabajo de investigación