Hypertoni är idag en folksjukdom som berör många patienter i vården. Det är därför viktigt som sjuksköterska att ha kunskap om de olika behandlings-metoderna. Syftet var att studera vilka livsstilsförändringar som kan påverka hypertoni och att belysa sjuksköterskans roll vid de icke-farmakologiska metoderna. Fokus inriktades mot primärvården hos patienter som var över 18 år.Litteraturstudien är baserad på tio vetenskapliga artiklar. Resultatet kategoriserades i kost, övervikt, viktminskning, fysisk aktivitet, andning, stress, rökning och alkohol. Resultatet påvisade att rådgivning var en viktig faktor för de livsstilsförändringar som bör uppnås vid hypertoni. / Hypertension is now a national disease which affects many patients in care. It is therefore important as a nurse to have knowledge of the different treatments. The aim was to study the lifestyle changes that can affect hypertension and to highlight the nurse's role in the non-pharmacological methods. Focus focused on primary care in patients who were over 18 years. The literature study is based on ten scientific articles. The outcome category was in diet, obesity, weight, physical activity, breathing, stress, smoking and alcohol. The results showed that counseling was an important factor for the lifestyle changes that should be achieved in hypertension.

Bakgrund: Sjuksköterskor möter regelbundet patienter som av olika skäl är i behov av livsstilsförändringar. Detta skapar i sin tur behov av hälsointerventioner. Hur förutsättningarna för dessa interventioner ser ut kan ha effekt på patienternas hälsa.  Syfte: Att beskriva olika faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskans arbete med patienter i behov av livsstilsförändringar.  Metod: Den här litteraturöversikten är en sammanställning av forskningsstudier inom vårdvetenskap. Databaserna som användes var PubMed och Cinahl Complete. Resultatet baserades på elva vetenskapliga studier, varav nio kvalitativa och två kvantitativa. Studierna analyserades och kvalitetsgranskades innan de användes i resultatet.  Resultat: Resultatet presenteras under fyra huvudteman: Patientens delaktighet i vården, Betydelsen av sjuksköterskans utbildning och kunskap, Organisatoriska faktorer som påverkar arbetet med livsstilsförändringar samt Sjuksköterskans egen hälsa samt känsla av autonomi och dess påverkan på patientarbetet.  Sammanfattning: Med ett förändrat samhälle har även en förändring av sjukdomsbördan följt. Allt fler människor drabbas av sjukdomar relaterade till livsstil. En väsentlig del av dessa sjukdomar kan förebyggas med hjälp av rätt insatser. Sjuksköterskan har ett viktigt ansvar i detta förebyggande arbete och för att det ska bli effektivt krävs rätt förutsättningar. Resultatet presenterar ett antal faktorer som på olika sätt påverkar sjuksköterskans patientarbete med livsstilsförändringar. / Background: Nurses regularly meet patients in need of lifestyle changes. This creates a demand for health promotion. The prerequisites for this promotion may affect the patients‘ health.  Aim: To describe different factors affecting the nurse’ work with patients in need of lifestyle changes.  Method: This literature review constitutes a number of studies within nursing science. The chosen databases were PubMed and Cinahl Complete. The result is based on eleven scientific studies, whereof nine qualitative and two quantitative. The studies were analysed and quality reviewed before used in the result.  Results: The result is presented within four themes: The patient’s participation in care, The significance of the nurses’ education and proficiency, Organisational factors affecting the work with life style changes and The nurses‘ own health and sense of autonomy and its effect on the work with patients.  Summary: With a changing society, a change in disease burden has followed. More and more people are struck by diseases related to lifestyle. A substantial part of these can be prevented with adequate interventions. The nurse has a key responsibility in this preventive work. In order to attain this effectively you need the right preconditions. The result presents a number of factors affecting the nurses’ work with patients’ lifestyle changes.

Childhood obesity affects roughly 1 in 5 children in the United States (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2018). Childhood obesity is related to health concerns including physical illness, mental illness, and occupational imbalance (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016; Cantal, 2019; Pizzi, 2016). An in-depth literature review revealed that there are very few childhood obesity programs that support children at the familial or individual level. Rather, current programs are standardized, manualized, and do not allow for customization (Chomitz et al., 2010; Salmon et al., 2008). Program benefits vary based on the participants’ personal and familial factors and supports (Chomitz et al., 2010; Salmon et al., 2008). Therefore, many children do not receive the optimal benefits that these programs suggest. The author developed a 12-week, evidence-based, intervention program designed to guide occupational therapists in treating children with obesity. Behavior change theories guided both the understanding of the problem and the development of the program. Fit 4 You utilizes a flexible intervention approach that allows for customization of the program for each participant, therefore accounting for their personal and familial factors. The Fit 4 You intervention is guided by four evidence-based concepts: (1) planning, (2) self-efficacy, (3) practice and (4) fun. The short and long-term outcomes of this program provide necessary services to an in-need population and contribute to evidence-based practice for occupational therapists. Findings from the program evaluation research will used to improve the program design and will be disseminated to families and occupational therapists to promote program expansion.

Rural areas have experienced a decline in traditional livelihoods, leading to a decrease in population and economic challenges. However, tourism has emerged as a crucial source of income and a driving force in rural community development. This study explores the role of lifestyle entrepreneurs in creating sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems in rural tourism destinations. It investigates the motivations and management practices of lifestyle entrepreneurs and examines their perceptions of their own performance and contribution to sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems in their local communities. Six in-depth interviews were conducted with lifestyle entrepreneurs operating in different regions of rural Sweden to address the research questions.    The findings reveal that lifestyle entrepreneurs are primarily motivated by the quality of life, personal fulfilment, creativity, autonomy, and a strong connection to their community and local environment. These motivations influence their decision-making processes, leading to the application of sustainable business practices that align with their values. Networking and cooperation among lifestyle entrepreneurs are emphasized, with a focus on collaboration over competition, resulting in benefits such as sustainable practices, increased competitiveness, and opportunities for knowledge sharing and discussion. However, the extent of engagement in networking and cooperation may vary based on entrepreneurs' motivations and priorities.   The study concludes that promoting sustainable tourism practices and supporting the well-being of lifestyle entrepreneurs are crucial for local sustainable development. Policymakers and stakeholders should consider the unique needs of lifestyle entrepreneurs and foster a supportive environment that encourages cooperation, networking, and work-life balance.

Background: 1,3 billion people in the world suffer from hypertension, and it is considered a leading global risk factor for death and disability. Patients who are diagnosed with this condition are recommended to undergo lifestyle changes to reduce the incidence of secondary diseases. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe patients experience of lifestyle changes to promote health in hypertension. Method: An analysis method with a foundation in qualitative research was used to contibrute to evidence-based nursing. The authors utilized Friberg’s methodology of qualitative studies. This litterature-based study incorporates 10 qualitative articles. Results: This study found that patients encounter diverse barriers and factors in their experiences with lifestyle changes, Two themes emerged; 1: ‘Insight into the complexity of lifestyle changes’. Subthemes that emerged in this theme was; ‘Barriers and challenges’, and ‘Social and psykosocial factors’. 2: ‘Breaking old patterns and navigating through challenges’. Subthemes was; ‘Motivation’, Strategies and insights’, and ‘Finding support in one’s enviroment’. Conclusion:It is crucial for nurses to possess the necessary competence to structure person- centered lifestyle changes in consultation with patients and their specific conditions. Increased knowledge and education on this subject would likely enhance patients health, preserve their dignity and have a preventive effect against further complications

Tea is known worldwide for its unique taste and health benefits to the human body. Recent studies on tea have proven that many of its components have significant beneficial effects on the human body. The Nordic region has the highest well-being index globally but is also threatened by noncommunicable diseases, mental health, and an aging population. This master's thesis aims to investigate the tea drinking behavior and habits of the Nordic population and the Nordic population's perceptions and attitudes towards the relationship between tea drinking and health. Based on sociological theory, data were collected using standardized anonymous online questionnaires, and the data were analyzed by the social science software SPSS. This study showed that more than 80% of the participants enjoy and have a habit of drinking tea; the majority of the participants have a positive attitude towards the relationship between tea drinking and health, as well as more than half of the study participants agree that drinking tea is a healthy lifestyle. This study offers new ideas for optimizing the health of the Nordic population.

Bakgrund: Åderförkalkning kan leda till att blodkärlen förlorar sin elasticitet och att blodproppar skapas vilket kan bidra till andra allvarliga hjärt-kärlsjukdomar. Detta kan möjligtvis bekämpas genom förebyggande åtgärder och livsstilsförändringar för att främja god hälsa. Där har sjuksköterskan ett ansvar att agera hälsofrämjande och kan med evidensbaserad kunskap motivera och initiera dessa hälsosamma insatser vilket resulterar i att individens hälsa förbättras utan att hen nödvändigtvis först blir sjuk. Livsstilssamtal mellan patient och sjuksköterskan gjorde att de inte känner sig ensamma i strävan med sina problem och betonade att utan sjuksköterskans hjälp hade det varit lätt att skjuta upp livsstilsförändringar.   Syfte: Att beskriva vilka åtgärder som kan förebygga uppkomsten av åderförkalkning samt hur sjuksköterskan initierar dessa åtgärder hos patienter.   Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt baserad på vetenskapliga kvantitativa artiklar.  Datainsamlingen genomfördes i PubMed. Tio utvalda artiklar kvalitetsgranskades med användning av SBU:s kvalitetsgranskningsmall (2012) och analyserades med Popenoe et al. (2021) analysmodell.   Resultat: Analysen ledde till två kategorier: att leva en hälsosam livsstil och sjuksköterskerådgivning om livsstil. Den första kategorin visade att utvecklingen av åderförkalkning kunde minskas genom livsstilsförändringar, medan den andra kategorin visade att sjuksköterskan kunde hjälpa förbättra hälsosamma livsstilsvanor genom att beskriva vilka åtgärder som kan förebygga uppkomsten av åderförkalkning. / ABSTRACT Background: Atherosclerosis can lead to blood vessels losing their elasticity and blood clots forming, which can contribute to other serious cardiovascular diseases. This can possibly be combated through preventive measures and lifestyle changes to promote good health. There, the nurse has a responsibility to act to promote health and can, with evidence-based knowledge, motivate and initiate these healthy efforts, which results in the individuals´ health improving without necessarily first becoming ill. Lifestyle discussions between the patient and the nurse made them not feel alone in struggling with their problems and emphasized that without the nurse's help it would have been easy to postpone lifestyle changes.   Aim: To describe which measures can prevent the onset of atherosclerosis and how the nurse initiates these measures in patients.   Method: A general literature review based on quantitative scientific articles. The data collection was carried out in PubMed. Ten selected articles were quality reviewed using the SBU quality review template (2012) and analyzed with Popenoe et al. (2021) analysis model.   Results: The analysis led to two categories: living a healthy lifestyle and nursing lifestyle advice. The first category showed that the development of atherosclerosis could be reduced through lifestyle changes, while the second category showed that the nurse could help improve healthy lifestyle habits by describing which measures can prevent the onset of atherosclerosis.   Conclusion: This study showed that the following of several healthy lifestyle habits, as well as the nurse's advice to describe healthy measures and initiate them in patients, could prevent the onset of atherosclerosis.

Bakgrund: Livsstilsrelaterade sjukdomar utgör idag ett stort hot mot människors hälsa – såväl nationellt som globalt. Det finns tydlig evidens för sambandet mellan ohälsosamma levnadsvanor och livsstilssjukdomar samt vikten av hälsofrämjande arbete för att minska riskfaktorerna. Primärvården är den vårdnivå dit de flesta söker vård i första hand, därmed har primärvården en central roll i det hälsofrämjande arbetet. Sjuksköterskor inom primärvården har således en nyckelroll i det hälsofrämjande arbetet. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa sjuksköterskans erfarenhet av hälsofrämjande arbete med livsstilsförändringar inom primärvården. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats och strukturerad sökmetod. Resultat: Databearbetningen genererade tre kategorier: (1) Sjuksköterskans och patientens roll, (2) relationens betydelse samt (3) organisatoriska och samhälleliga faktorer. Konklusion: Hälsofrämjande arbete med livsstilsförändringar är ett komplext område. Trots aktuella riktlinjer ges inte de förutsättningar som sjuksköterskor anser att de behöver för att arbeta hälsofrämjande så som riktlinjerna avser. De flesta sjuksköterskor anser att det hälsofrämjande är en viktig del av deras arbete. För att möjliggöra ett hälsofrämjande arbete uttrycker sjuksköterskorna att det finns ett antal hinder som begränsar själva genomförandet, de lyfter även fram förutsättningar som kan bidra till att underlätta arbete med livsstilsförändringar. / Background: Non communicable diseases related to unhealthy lifestyle are a majorthreat to our health. There is clear evidence on the link between unhealthy lifestylehabits and non-communicable diseases and the importance of health promotion as away of reducing the risk factors. Primary care plays an important part in theimplementation of health promotion and nurses working in primary care have a keyrole in health promotion. Aim: The aim was to highlight nurses’ experience of healthpromotive work with lifestyle changes at primary care. Method: A general literaturereview with an inductive approach performed with a structured search method.Result: The result generated three main categories: (1) The role of the nurse and thepatient, (2) the importance of the relationship and (3) organizational and socialfactors. Conclusion: Implementation of health promotion is challenging. There areclinical practice guidelines to counteract patient’s unhealthy lifestyle habits, but timeand resources are not provided. The nurses described the health promotive work asthe core of their responsibilities, but they also pointed out several barriers andfacilitators for the work with health promotion.

Sedentary behavior has been among the major challenges facing employees working in offices subsequently failing to attain WHO recommendations on physical activity. Office employees are mostly at high risk of developing non-communicable diseases because most of their work is executed while sitting. This study aims to explore how employees have experienced the influence of physical activity on their job performance at work by using a qualitative research approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine employees working in the banking industry in Tanzania. A content analysis was used to analyze the collected data. The main findings of this study highlighted the need to create a workplace culture that encourages physical activity. Having regular movement in the office has promoted employees’ health and overall job performance. Furthermore, employees experienced challenges such as time constraints, and high job demands hindering them from participating in physical activity which needs to be addressed. Finally, workplace health promotion influenced their overall health and enhanced well-being. Through physical activity, they experienced improved cognitive functions and better health. Therefore, this study concludes that there should be increased support of physical activity in the workplace for the benefit of employees’ health leading to their job performance.

Studies show that leisure activities can contribute significantly to people’s well-being. Still, theycan also impact the environment in several ways as they contribute to greenhouse gas emissionsrelated to different factors. When modifying lifestyles towards more sustainable behaviors, peoplecan sometimes expect reductions in their well-being, but this relationship is not much exploredfor what concerns the activities that people engage in within their free time. By further exploringthis literature gap, this study research leisure activities - namely those activities when theindividuals have the most control over their chances of action - as a potential pathway forimplementing more sustainable behaviors in an individual lifestyle that can also improve one’sown well-being. By employing questionnaires and a life cycle assessment approach – the aim is todescribe i) what leisure activities people in Sweden engage with to promote their well-being, ii)what are the most important ones and the main benefits obtained from them, and iii) what impact,in terms of greenhouse gas emissions, these activities have on the climate. The results show thatsome common leisure activity types are important for Swedes to maintain their well-being. Thesecan have different environmental impacts in terms of greenhouse gas emissions depending onactivity-related factors such as location, frequency, and equipment and material resources utilizedduring the activity. We conclude that leisure activities that people consider more important fortheir well-being are also those that could potentially have the lowest impact in terms of greenhousegas emissions and that more quantitative studies could explore this relation further.