No description available.

The purpose of this study was to increase knowledge of diabetes and promote healthy lifestyle behaviors to reduce diabetes onset in a community with a relatively high incidence of type 2 diabetes. Three hundred eighty seven students grades 7 – 12 participated in the program and taste test. Changes in knowledge before and after an educational program focusing on diabetes prevention were measured by comparison of identical pre, post, and retention tests. Students were also asked to name specific behaviors they could use to decrease the risk of diabetes. Responses were analyzed using Chi square analysis and content analysis. Overall, respondents demonstrated a statistically significant increase in knowledge. The taste test was very well accepted, with 50% of respondents preferring low fat milk instead of a higher fat option. Goals set by participants to decrease the risk of diabetes strongly emphasized physical activity and healthy eating, further indicating increased knowledge and awareness.

Objectives: Having cancer in young adulthood increases the risk of adverse long-term health effects. These risks can be influenced by one’s health behavior (HB). The aim of this study is therefore to investigate the presence of health behavior in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) and to identify associated factors. Design: Young cancer patients (18–39 years old at time of diagnosis) were surveyed at baseline and 12 months later via online or as a paper-pencil version. Methods: A spectrum of indicators for HB was assessed via seven items from the Questionnaire of Multiple Health Behavior (MHB). Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to determine factors associated with patients’ HB indicators. Results: Five-hundred and fourteen AYAs (75% women) reported the highest level of health-conscious behavior for “avoidance of consumption of nicotine,” “follow medical recommendations,” and “being considerate in road traffic.” Less health-conscious behavior was reported for “keeping an appropriate and balanced diet” and “physical activity.” Significant improvements from baseline to the follow-up were observed for “regularly attending health screening” (Hedges’ g = 0.44). The analyzed factors explained up to 10% of the HB indicators. Women reported significantly more healthconscious behavior than men in four out of seven HB indicators. Higher quality of life (QoL) was associated with more health behavior in three out of seven HB indicators. Conclusion: Findings show a predominantly health-conscious lifestyle in AYA cancer patients, though we also found harmful behavior which needs to be better approached—e.g., through improving AYAs’ health education. AYA men should be particularly targeted in specific prevention and health promotion measures. Future work should identify other factors associated with HB to evaluate targets for intervention.

No description available.

Studiens syfte var att studera sociala insatsgruppers avhopparverksamhet i Stockholm utifrån de yrkesverksammas perspektiv för att undersöka hur de upplever att stödet möter deltagarnas behov samt vilka faktorer de anser vara avgörande för att hjälpa deltagarna. I studien användes kvalitativ forskningsmetod, där empirin insamlats genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra yrkesverksamma inom SIG. Intervjumaterialet har med hjälp av tematisk analys tematiserats och analyserats utifrån tidigare forskning och teorin om sociala band. Studiens resultat visade att stöd, boende/en stabil bas, jobb/sysselsättning, mognad samt motivation var de mest betydelsefulla faktorer för avhopparprocessen, enligt de yrkesverksamma. Studiens resultat visade även att SIG kunde möta deltagarnas behov relativt bra men att särskilda behov var svåra att tillgodose. Studiens huvudsakliga slutsats är att avgörande faktorer varierar utifrån deltagarens behov, men att det finns några återkommande varav några kan förklaras av teorin om sociala band samt att SIG till stor del kan möta dessa behov. / The purpose of this study was to investigate the defector program within sociala insatsgrupper in Stockholm from the perspective of the employees to find out how they perceive that the support meets the needs of the participants and which factors they find crucial to help the participants. A qualitative method was used, where the material was gathered through semi-structured interviews with four employees within SIG. The interview material was analyzed and thematized through a thematic analysis and was then compared with previous research and social bond theory. The result showed that support, accommodation, employment/studies/extracurricular activities, maturity and motivation were the most important desistance factors, according to the employees. The results also showed that SIG can meet the needs of the participants relatively well, but that some were difficult to meet. The main conclusions of this study are that crucial factors depend on the needs of the participants but there are some recurring ones, some of which can be explained by social bond theory and SIG can largely meet these needs.

An investigation how a structural system can become flexible to fit different lifestyles.

Research examining the relationship between psychological distress and health behaviors is limited, as most of these studies examine one type of psychological distress and relate it to one type of health behavior. To address this limitation, an exploratory study was conducted that included online self-report measures of a wide range of positive health behaviors (Health Behavior Checklist; HBC) and a wide range of different types of psychological distress (Brief Symptom Inventory; BSI). Participants were 762 undergraduate students from the University of Central Florida (55% female). Results revealed that the total BSI score showed statistically significant negative correlations with the HBC total score and all four HBC subscales. Thus, participants reporting more overall psychological distress reported that they engaged in fewer positive health behaviors, across all health behavior subtypes. Stepwise regressions that examined the nine BSI subscales and their relationship with the HBC total score revealed that the Hostility subscale of the BSI was the strongest and most consistent predictor of positive health behaviors (in a negative direction). Stepwise regressions also revealed additional relationships of the BSI subscales of Depression and Phobia to particular HBC subscales. The results of this exploratory study provide an initial model on the relationships of particular types of psychological distress that are related to particular types of health behaviors, which will inform future studies on this important topic area.

Bakgrund: Endometrios är en kronisk sjukdom som drabbar 10% av alla kvinnor i världen.Sjukdomen är ett problem som berör många kvinnor i samhället. Detta bör belysas i störreutsträckning än det gör idag då många läkare inte tar sjukdomen och kvinnornas symtom påallvar. Detta leder till lidande hos kvinnor och lång tid innan diagnostisering sker. Ofta fårkvinnor höra att smärtan är normal, vilket kan leda till förtvivlan och isolering från vänneroch familj.Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva hanteringsstrategier hos kvinnor somlever med endometrios.Metod: En litteraturstudie med kvalitativ ansats. Metodlitteraturen som använts är Polit ochBeck. Studien har analyserats enligt Graneheim och Lundmans kvalitativa innehållsanalysoch databassökningar utfördes i Cinahl, Pubmed och Psycinfo.Resultat: Resultatet mynnade ut i fyra huvudteman initiering av livsstilsförändringar, behovav alternativa behandlingar, sökande efter kunskap, noncompliance och tre subtemakostomläggningar, ökad fysisk aktivitet, strategiska verktyg.Konklusion: Endometrios påverkar många faktorer i det dagliga livet för kvinnor som levermed sjukdomen. Det kan handla om hantering av smärta, relationer, arbete och utbildning.Dessa kvinnor utvecklar hanteringsstrategier för att lindra symtom av smärta och för attförbättra livskvaliteten. Dessa strategier handlar om ändrade motionsvanor, kost, kunskap ochatt själv ta kontroll. Målet för många kvinnor är att uppnå smärtfrihet samtidigt som önskanom att minska användning av läkemedel önskas. Hanteringsstrategierna upplevs av de flestakvinnor som positiva och bidrar till en ökad livskvalitet. Mer kunskap kan behövas om vilkahanteringsstrategier som används, för att kunna stödja och behandla kvinnor på ett bättre sättinom hälso- och sjukvården. / Background: Endometriosis is a chronic disease that affect 10% of all women of the world.Endometriosis is a problem which affects many women in society. This should be noted to agreater extent than today because many doctors don’t take the disease or the womenssymtoms seriously. This leads to a suffering for women and it takes long time beforediagnosis. Women often hear that the pain is normal which leads to dispair and isolation.Aim: The aim of the study was to describe management strategies among women that liveswith endometriosis.Method: A qualitative literature review. The literature that was used for the method was Politand Beck. Graneheim and Lundman’s qualitative contentanalysis was used for the analysis.Cinahl, pubmed and Psycinfo was used for retrieve material.Results: The result showed four main themes, these were initiation of lifestyle changes, needfor alternative treatments, searching for knowledge, noncompliance and three subthemeswere also identified change of diet, increased physical activity, strategic tools.Conclusion: Endometriosis affects many factors in the daily life of women living with thedisease. It can be about managing pain, relationships, work and education. These womendevelop management strategies to relieve symtoms of pain and to improve quality of life.These strategies is about change exercise patterns, diet, knowledge and taking control. Theaim for many women is to achieve painlessness with less painkillers at the same time. Themanagement strategies have a positive impact for most of the women and contributes tobetter life quality. If more knowledge is revealed about management strategies used, thenbetter support and treatment could be possible in healthcare.

Denna studie syftar till att undersöka sambandet mellan kriminalitet, viktimisering och exponering för kriminogena situationer. Självrapporterad data samlades in vid tre tillfällen från 525 Malmöungdomar, varav 320 uppfyllde studiens inkluderingskriterier. Resultaten visar att mycket tid spenderad oövervakad, mycket tid ägnad åt ostrukturerade aktiviteter, mycket tid i sällskap med vänner samt alkoholkonsumtion samvarierar med brottslighet och viktimisering i varierande utsträckning. Sambanden varierar dock i förhållande till de båda utfallsvariablerna och deltagarnas ålder. Livsstils-rutinaktivitetsteorin kan förklara resultaten men behöver i framtiden ta större hänsyn till ålder. Studiens två slutsatser är att (1) brottslighet och viktimisering bör betraktas som två olika men klart relaterade företeelser i förhållande till exponering för kriminogena situationer och att (2) ålder måste tas i beaktande i forskning om exponering för kriminogena situationer eftersom sambanden mellan exponering och de båda utfallsvariablerna varierar från tidiga till sena tonår. / This study aims to examine offending and victimization in relation to situational criminogenic exposure. Self-reported data was collected at three occasions from a sample of 525 adolescents in Malmö, of which 320 fulfilled the study’s inclusion criteria. The results show that spending a lot of time unsupervised, pursuing unstructured activities, spending a lot of time with peers, and alcohol use, are associated with offending and victimization to various extent. However, the associations vary according to outcome and in relation to the participants’ age. Lifestyle-Routine Activities Theory may explain the findings, but needs to consider age as an important factor in the future. The two conclusions from this study are that (1) offending and victimization should be treated as two different, yet related concepts in relation to situational criminogenic exposure, and that (2) it is important to add an age dimension to the study of situational criminogenic exposure because the associations between the exposure variables and the outcome variables vary from early to late adolescence.

Bakgrund: Av Sveriges befolkning har ca 2-4,5 % diagnosen diabetes. Av de diagnostiserade har 10-15% typ 1 diabetes och resterande typ 2 diabetes. Eftersom sjukdomen ständigt ökar så finns dessa patienter överallt. Det finns således stor möjlighet att som färdig sjuksköterska träffa dessa patienter både inom primärvård och slutenvård. Syfte: Syftet med den här litteraturstudien är att beskriva hur en sjuksköterska kan undervisa en patient med diabetes typ 2 för att uppnå följsamhet till egenvård. Metod: Uppsatsen är en litteraturstudie som baseras på n=10 vetenskapliga artiklar varavn= 6 kvalitativa och n=4 kvantitativa. Artiklarna har hittats i databaserna PubMed och CINAHL. Varje artikel analyserades enskilt och sammanfördes sedan till teman.Resultat: Resultatet kan visa hur sjuksköterskan kan undervisa en patient med typ 2 diabetes. Resultatet redovisas i följande fem teman: förhållningssätt mellan sjuksköterska och patient, målsättning som en del av undervisningen, patientens inställning och förståelse gällande sin sjukdom, information och undervisning, egenvård. Slutsats: Det mest centrala som framkommit i den här litteraturstudien är att undervisning av patienter med typ 2 diabetes kan utföras på olika sätt. En viktig del för sjuksköterskan är att inse att patienter har olika behov och förutsättningar för lärande. Därför är det viktigt att individanpassa undervisningen. / Background: Approximately 2-4,5% of Sweden's population is diagnosed with diabetes. Of those diagnosed 10-15% suffers of type 1diabetes and the remainder suffers of type 2 diabetes. The disease is constantly increasing (Wikblad 2012). These patients are everywhere and there is a great opportunity for nurses to meet these patients in both primary and inpatient care. Purpose: The purpose of this literature review is to describe how a nurse can educate a patient with type 2 diabetes to achieve compliance to self-care.Method: The paper is a literature review that is based on scientific literature and 10 articles from primary sources of which n=6 were qualitative and n=4 quantitative . Articles were found in PubMed and CINAHL. Each article was analyzed individually and then combined into themes.Results: The results show how the nurse can educate a patient with type 2 diabetes. The results are reported in the following five themes: approach between the nurse and patient, goal-setting as part of the education, patient attitude and understanding regarding their disease, information and education, self-care. Conclusion: The main finding of this study is that the education of patients with type 2 diabetes can be performed in different ways. The most important for the nurse is to recognize that patients have different needs and conditions for learning. Thus, it is important to individualize the education.