Estudou-se a cinética das transformações de fase em resfriamento contínuo e em tratamentos isotérmicos de cinco ligas de aços TRIP microligados com Nb, contendo teores variáveis de Mn e Si, através de ensaios dilatométricos, de caracterização morfológica dos produtos de transformação e de cálculos termodinâmicos e simulações numéricas usando os programas Thermocalc ® e Dictra®. Foram determinados os diagramas RC para a transformação da austenita, e foi estudada a influência da precipitação de ferrita pró-eutetóide e de bainita na fração volumétrica de austenita retida. Através dos diagramas de resfriamento contínuo foi possível delimitar a extensão do campo intercrítico dos cinco aços analisados, com determinação da janela de resfriamento e seus intervalos de temperaturas. Isso permitiu projetar os ciclos de resfriamento controlado a serem aplicados durante o processamento termomecânico dos Aços TRIP-D, TRIP-E e TRIP-H. Os cálculos pelo modelo numérico de redistribuição de carbono e de elementos substitucionais na interface ferrita/austenita, bem como as medidas de microanálise química por WDS e EDS permitiram verificar que a taxa de crescimento da ferrita pró-eutetóide é controlada pela difusão do carbono na austenita. Para tempos curtos de tratamento, o modelo de crescimento que melhor se ajusta é o do equilíbrio local com partição negligível de soluto. Verificou-se através de tratamentos isotérmicos no campo bainítico, que o silício atrasa a precipitação de carbonetos durante a reação bainítica, o que justifica o aumento da estabilidade da austenita retida no aço de maior Si (TRIP-H), quando comparado com o aço de menor Si (TRIP-E). Baseado nos resultados dos estudos das transformações de fase por resfriamento contínuo foram selecionadas as ligas TRIP-D, TRIP-E e TRIP-H, para simular dois esquemas de laminação controlada por meio de ensaios de torção a quente. Nesses ensaios foram variados o grau de deformação e a temperatura de acabamento, de modo a estudar os efeitos dos parâmetros de deformação mecânica na fração transformada dos diferentes constituintes microestruturais, e em particular na fração volumétrica de austenita retida. O primeiro ensaio refere-se à laminação controlada por recristalização estática (LCRE) e o segundo à laminação convencional (LCC), com temperatura de acabamento de 1030°C e 850°C, respectivamente. O resfriamento consistiu em dois tratamentos isotérmicos consecutivos: o primeiro no campo intercrítico (austenita + ferrita), e o segundo no campo bainítico. O aumento do grau de deformação na simulação por torção a quente da laminação controlada por recristalização estática, levou a um aumento da porcentagem de austenita retida obtida durante o resfriamento controlado (de 9 a 14,0 %). O acúmulo de energia de deformação abaixo da TNR na simulação do processo de laminação controlada convencional provocou uma diminuição da fração volumétrica de austenita retida bem como da concentração de carbono contido nela. Os perfis de Mn e C obtidos a partir de análises químicas com EDS e WDS em amostras do aço TRIP-E, deformadas com deformação total de 2,1 e deformação total de 2,8, mostram a contribuição do refinamento de grão para a difusão destes elementos na frente da interface ferrita/austenita, durante a precipitação de ferrita pró-eutetóide. / The phase transformation kinetics of five Nb microalloyed Si-Mn TRIP steels was studied under continuous cooling and isothermal treatments, using dilatometric techniques, morphologic characterization, Thermocalc computational thermodynamics and Dictra numerical simulation. WDS and EDS X-ray microanalysis and Dictra numerical modeling of C, Mn and Si distribution during transformation showed that the reaction is carbon diffusion controlled and growth occurs under local equilibrium with negligible partition. CCT diagrams for austenite transformation were determined and the effect of the amount of proeutectoid ferrite and bainite precipitation on the volume fraction of retained austenite was also estimated. The CCT diagrams allowed determining the boundaries of the critical zone and the processing window to obtain bainite plus austenite microstructures. Based on this information cooling cycles were selected to perform thermomechanical treatments. Three TRIP steels were selected to simulate, in a hot torsion testing machine, two different controlled rolling sequences: Recrystallization Controlled Rolling and Conventional Controlled Rolling. The influence of the degree of deformation and the finishing temperature on the amount of retained austenite was studied. After rolling the cooling cycle comprised two isothermal treatments, one in the austenite + ferrite field and the other in the bainitic field. Increasing the strain during simulation of Recrystallization Controlled Rolling led to an increase in the volume fraction of retained austenite to the range 9 to 14 %. The energy stored during simulation bellow TNR of the Conventional Controlled Rolling led to a decrease in the volume fraction and in the carbon content of retained austenite. The Mn and C contents measured by EDS and WDS analysis of TRIP-E steel, showed that grain refinement due to recrystallization contributes to diffusion of these elements in front of the ferrite/austenite interface during precipitation.

This master thesis maps out events and processes which are connected with the resurgence of the Woodcraft league of Czechoslovakia after the fall of communism in Czechoslovakia in 1989. It deals with woodcraft community and affiliated groups that intensified their activities during the last years of the period of normalization in Czechoslovakia. After the Velvet revolution, these groups and individuals represented basis for the resurgence of the Woodcraft league. Furthermore, this paper describes concrete steps connected with this resurgence, introduces prominent actors of this process and tries to explain their major steps. It does not omit controversial events, neither ideological cleavages linked to the resurgence of the organisation, which was gagged more than 40 years. Finally, this final thesis puts the focus on the evolution of the organisation during its first modern period when it has succeeded in establishing itself within the Czechoslovakian society marked by a newly gathered freedom, an uncritical euphoria and by the subsequent return to reality. The information for this study was collected using the method of oral history, more specifically through interviews with prominent actors of these events. Collected findings were subsequently compared with information from other written sources...

Title: A long jump at the modern Olympic Games and other international competitions Subtitle: Personalities and records Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to monitor and analyse individual personalities who at modern Olympic Games and other international top competitions (World Championships, European Championships, Diamond League) pushed forward the record in the long jump, both in relation to the development of the jump technique and other factors affecting the discipline. The work deals more with the athletes themselves and their medallions than with the development of the discipline. Methods: The analysis method was used in the work. The analysis was carried out on results in the long jump from 1896, i.e. from the first modern Olympic Games to 2021. The change in the world record and its evolution, as well as the change in its holders, were analysed in the reporting period. Other personalities who made history in the long jump were also followed. Results: Records in the long jump has changed at international competitions depending on changes in training methods, technique, material and external conditions. Keywords: long jump; olympic games; world record; athletics

[pt] O método EN baseia-se na quantificação do dano causado pela deformação decorrente do histórico de carregamento. O objetivo desse modelo consiste em estimar o número de ciclos para iniciar uma trinca por fadiga. Diferente do método SN o número de variáveis envolvidas nesse modelo é menor. Entretanto, requer um número maior de constantes, que nem sempre podem ser obtidas experimentalmente. Esse fato levou a formulação de diversos modelos que se propõem a estimar as constantes de Coffin-Manson, que na maioria dos casos levam a previsões de vida não conservativas, como visto em outros trabalhos. Contudo a maioria dos casos existentes na literatura não abordam o efeito de regiões de concentração de tensão e a influência de carregamentos com amplitudes variáveis. A metodologia usada nessas pesquisas consiste em avaliar a influência desses aspectos através da comparação entre a vida em fadiga experimental e a estimada segundo as constantes de Coffin-Manson medidas e estimadas segundo diferentes modelos. Esse estudo avalia o dano à fadiga segundo 2 tipos de concentradores de tensão e quatro históricos de carregamentos de amplitude variável. Considerando os modelos de Manson, Muralindhran-Manson, Bäumel-Seeger and Meggiolaro-Castro os resultados mostram que a vida em fadiga prevista usando os parâmetros de Coffin Manson obtidos segundo o método de Meggiolado-Castro e por Baumel-Segger são os que mais se aproximam das vidas estimadas baseada nas constantes experimentais. Nos demais casos nota-se que a regra de concentração de tensão exerce uma maior influência no resultado e levam a vidas à fadiga não conservativas. / [en] The strain-life designed is based on the damaged caused by the strain as a result of a loading history. The purpose of this approach is estimating the number of cycles to initiate a fatigue crack. Compared with the stress life method the EN needs a lower number of variables. However, it needs a large number of parameters that are not directly measurable properties of a material and conduct the necessary number of tests to obtain them is not always an option. This fact leads to the formulation of different models to estimate Coffin- Manson s constants, which in most of the cases can result in a non-conservative fatigue life prediction, as seen in several papers. However, in these studies, it is not considered a specimen with a stress concentration factor neither under a variable amplitude loading history. The methodology used in this research is evaluating the influence of these aspects by comparing the fatigue life experimental with the estimated by using the Coffin Manson s experimental constants and the fatigue life calculated with different models to estimate the Coffin-Manson s parameters. This study evaluated the fatigue damage based on four load histories and two types of samples with different stress risers. Considering the models of Manson, Muralidharan-Manson, Bäumel-Seeger, and Meggiolaro-Castro the results indicated that the fatigue life predicted using the Coffin Manson s parameter obtained by Meggiolaro-Castro and Baumel-Segger s model are more similar to the life calculated with the experimental constants. The other models are more influenced by the stress concentration s rule and can lead to not conservative fatigue life.

Ao acompanhar a trajetória intelectual de Jamil Almansur Haddad desde suas primeiras publicações até sua morte, esta Tese de doutorado traz à luz o percurso de um literato pertencente à segunda geração de imigrantes libaneses e suas relações paradoxais com o meio intelectual brasileiro e, em especial, o paulistano. Seu percurso biográfico ilustra um desdobramento do movimento literário árabe da imigração, que desempenhou papel central no processo de renascimento da literatura árabe no final do século XIX. Imerso no contexto cultural de um país em busca da conformação de sua verdadeira identidade nacional e vivendo na cidade de São Paulo - que em meados do século XX foi um dos maiores polos de imigração do mundo Jamil, através de sua experiência biográfica e de seu caminho literário, revela nuances de um processo intermediário de hibridação cultural. / This thesis follows the intellectual trajectory of Jamil Almansur Haddad from his first publications to his death, bringing to light the trajectory of a poet that belongs to the second generation of Lebanese immigrants and his paradoxical relations with the Brazilian intellectual environment and, in particular, the paulistano one. His biographical journey illustrates an unfolding of the Arab literary movement of immigration, which played a central role in the process of rebirth of Arab literature in the late nineteenth century. Immersed in the cultural context of a country in search of the conformation of its true national identity and living in the city of São Paulo - which in the mid-twentieth century was one of the largest poles of immigration in the world - Jamil, through his biographical experience and his literary path, reveals nuances of an intermediate process of cultural hybridization.

Ao acompanhar a trajetória intelectual de Jamil Almansur Haddad desde suas primeiras publicações até sua morte, esta Tese de doutorado traz à luz o percurso de um literato pertencente à segunda geração de imigrantes libaneses e suas relações paradoxais com o meio intelectual brasileiro e, em especial, o paulistano. Seu percurso biográfico ilustra um desdobramento do movimento literário árabe da imigração, que desempenhou papel central no processo de renascimento da literatura árabe no final do século XIX. Imerso no contexto cultural de um país em busca da conformação de sua verdadeira identidade nacional e vivendo na cidade de São Paulo - que em meados do século XX foi um dos maiores polos de imigração do mundo Jamil, através de sua experiência biográfica e de seu caminho literário, revela nuances de um processo intermediário de hibridação cultural. / This thesis follows the intellectual trajectory of Jamil Almansur Haddad from his first publications to his death, bringing to light the trajectory of a poet that belongs to the second generation of Lebanese immigrants and his paradoxical relations with the Brazilian intellectual environment and, in particular, the paulistano one. His biographical journey illustrates an unfolding of the Arab literary movement of immigration, which played a central role in the process of rebirth of Arab literature in the late nineteenth century. Immersed in the cultural context of a country in search of the conformation of its true national identity and living in the city of São Paulo - which in the mid-twentieth century was one of the largest poles of immigration in the world - Jamil, through his biographical experience and his literary path, reveals nuances of an intermediate process of cultural hybridization.

Topic: Comparison of three-point shoot trials occurence and effectivity in the aspects of FIBA rule changes in 2010 as well as in a relation with placement of the teams in Czech Women's basketball league Aim: The main aim of the thesis is to find out whether the following four- year-period as a result of rule changes applying to an extension of three- point line was sufficient enough to be able to adapt from the frequency and success in three-point shoot of view in the highest Czech Women's basketball league in the basic part of the Championship in between the selected teams. We take into account eight surveyed seasons in this study, where straight after the period of first four seasons following one after another there was a rule of three-point line extention established. The statistics of three-point shoots in the four seasons mentioned above, which means after establishing the rule, are the main source of data used for this survey and was accomplished according to statistical results and comparing these results. The mail goal is to create statistical analysis that would show how great impact the three-point line extention had during following four seasons of the change, which means the adaptability process applied for three- point shooting within the teams placed in the first, fourth, seventh...

Title: Analysis of Offence after Active Defence Objectives: The primary objective of this thesis is to implement quantitative and qualitative analysis of offence after reaching the ball during active defence within Bayern Munich matches. Attacks finished with a shot or a final pass. Consequently, the aims in view will be evaluated. Methods: The work uses the indirect observation method in particular matches which were available due to video records. Successful attacks were analysed according to quantity and quality. This analysis is focused on a detailed study of each attack from its foundig thanks to gaining the ball during active defence to its ending. Results: The results show the types and models realized during the monitored attacks of Bayern Munich team within the UEFA Champions League 2012/2013. Further, offensive and defensive phases of the game in the modern aspect of football are clarified. Last but not least, we are able to apply the models in question to different achievement groups. Keywords: UEFA Champions League 2012/2013, football, active defence, offence, cooperation, Bayern Munich, quantitative analysis, qualitative analysis

Thesis title: Social Networks as an Essential Part of the Gambrinus league's Marketing Communication Objective Main objective of this thesis is creation of marketing manual on various social networks intended for marketing communication of the Gambrinus league. It is supposed to provide flexibly applicable tool representing communication manual for clubs of primary football league in the Czech Republic. As partial objectives of this work are stipulated analysis and assessment of individual clubs' official Facebook profiles and their development. Further objectives are identification and compilation of overview representing other platforms of social networks and its evaluation considering their potential benefits for marketing communication of the Gambrinus league. Methodology Qualitative and quantitative methods of marketing research were used for the purposes of presented thesis. Qualitative methods comprehend expert dialogue, case study and observation. As qualitative research methods were applied statistical data analysis and development study. Results The communication manual for the Gambrinus league on social networks was completed and in detail described in separate chapter of this dissertation. It is for the most part based on solutions which were presented in the analytical part of this...

Title: Reorganization of the First Czech Football League Objectives: The main objective of the thesis was to find opinions of sports redactors on changing structure in the first Czech football league. Methods: We used a poll for finding our objectives. The poll was create in apllication click4survey.cz and it was sending by email to all respondents. The respondents were 50 football journalists. The rate of return of the poll was 46%. Results: In our research 73% of respondents agree with a new model of league. They accede with raising of count of matches in czech league (64%). They concur that more matches in season will improve footballer performance (64%) and financial income (55%). 55% of journalist approve with the play-off between the first and the second league. Conclusion: The footballer journalist agree with the benefits of a higher matches in the league and new structure of the league. Keywords: 1. Czech league, number of matches in the season, profesional football in Czech republic, gaming structure in e-pojistení league