Thesis (B.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1982. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING / Includes bibliographical references. / by David P. Harrahy. / B.S.

A eficiência e a racionalidade energética da iluminação pública têm relevante importância no sistema elétrico, porque contribui para diminuir a necessidade de investimentos na construção de novas fontes geradoras de energia elétrica e nos desperdícios energéticos. Apresenta-se como objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa o desenvolvimento e aplicação do IDE (índice de desempenho energético), fundamentado no sistema de inferência nebulosa e indicadores de eficiência e racionalidade de uso da energia elétrica. A opção em utilizar a inferência nebulosa deve-se aos fatos de sua capacidade de reproduzir parte do raciocínio humano, e estabelecer relação entre a diversidade de indicadores envolvidos. Para a consecução do sistema de inferência nebulosa, foram definidas como variáveis de entrada: os indicadores de eficiência e racionalidade; o método de inferência foi baseado em regras produzidas por especialista em iluminação pública, e como saída um número real que caracteriza o IDE. Os indicadores de eficiência e racionalidade são divididos em duas classes: globais e específicos. Os indicadores globais são: FP (fator de potência), FC (fator de carga) e FD (fator de demanda). Os indicadores específicos são: FU (fator de utilização), ICA (consumo de energia por área iluminada), IE (intensidade energética) e IL (intensidade de iluminação natural). Para a aplicação deste trabalho, foi selecionada e caracterizada a iluminação pública da Cidade Universitária \"Armando de Salles Oliveira\" da Universidade de São Paulo. Sendo assim, o gestor do sistema de iluminação, a partir do índice desenvolvido neste trabalho, dispõe de condições para avaliar o uso da energia elétrica e, desta forma, elaborar e simular estratégias com o objetivo de economizá-la. / The energy efficiency and rationality of public lighting have great importance in the electrical system, because it contributes to reduce the need for investment in building new sources of power and energy waste. It presented as objective of this work research development and application of IDE (Energy Performance Index), based on the fuzzy inference system and indicators of efficiency and rationality of use of electricity. The option to use the fuzzy inference is due to the facts of his ability to play part of human reasoning, and establish the relationship between indicators of diversity involved. To achieve the fuzzy inference system, it was defined as input variables: the efficiency and rationality indicators; the inference rules-based method was produced by expert in public lighting and as output a real number that characterizes the IDE. Efficiency and rationality indicators are divided into two classes: global and specific. The global indicators are: PF (power factor), FC (load factor) and FD (demand factor). Specific indicators are: FU (utilization factor), ICA (energy consumption per lit area), IE (energy intensity) and IL (daylight intensity). For the application of this work was selected and characterized the public lighting of the University City \"Armando de Salles Oliveira\" the University of São Paulo. Thus, the lighting system manager from the index developed in this work, have conditions to evaluate the use of electricity and thus prepare and simulate strategies in order to save it.

Sistemas de operação remota e supervisão de iluminação pública são compostos por dispositivos acoplados aos pontos de luz interligados via rede, e aplicativos que são executados em computadores que indicam problemas nos pontos de iluminação e apuram o valor do consumo de energia. Estudar as tecnologias dos trabalhos correlatos, propor um sistema dedicado para iluminação pública e implantar o sistema proposto em um teste piloto para avaliação das características de operação e supervisão são os objetivos do trabalho. A arquitetura do sistema proposto é modular e expansível. O modelo baseado em células permite que novos conjuntos de dispositivos possam ser adicionados de acordo com a demanda. No desenvolvimento do trabalho a linguagem C# é adotada para desenvolver a operação e supervisão através do padrão CyberOPC (Cybernetic OPC) e arquivos do tipo XML são aplicados para descrição dos dispositivos e definição da topologia da rede. Os resultados obtidos em simulação e no teste piloto validam a metodologia e arquitetura proposta. / Systems of remote operation and supervision of public lighting are composed of devices attached to the light points interconnected via a network, and applications that run on computers that indicate problems with lighting points and discharge the amount of energy consumption. Studying the related works technologies, propose a system dedicated to public lighting and deploy the proposed system in a pilot test to evaluate the operating characteristics and supervision are the objectives of the work. The architecture of the proposed system is modular and expandable. The cell-based model allows new sets of devices can be added according to demand. In developing the work the C # language is adopted to develop the operation and monitoring via standard CyberOPC (Cybernetic OPC) and XML file types are applied to the device description and definition of the network topology. The results obtained from simulation and from the test pilot validate the methodology and the proposed architecture.

Script analysis for designers -- The objectives of theatrical design -- Researching the design -- Collaboration -- Design elements -- Design principles and visual composition -- Scenic design -- Costume design -- Lighting design -- Building a career in theater design. With clear and concise examples and hands-on exercises, Fundamentals of Theatrical Design illustrates the way in which the three major areas of theatrical design--scenery, costumes, and lighting--are intrinsically linked. Veteran theater designers Karen Brewster and Melissa Shafer have consulted with a broad range of seasoned theater industry professionals--playwrights, actors, directors, producers, stage managers--to provide an exhaustive guide full of sound advice and insightful approaches to design. Form beginning designers just starting out to experienced directors looking to gain exposure and advance their careers, anyone with an interest in theatrical design is sure to appreciate this book's unique approach. / https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu_books/1005/thumbnail.jpg

Although public transit bus accounts for only a small percentage of the mode share for transportation in Florida, the annual passenger miles were over 1 billion with over 200 million passenger trips in 2005. These numbers warrant close attention to be paid to the safety of public transit vehicles. Despite the relatively low occurrence of fatalities and bus crashes, each crash of a high occupancy vehicle such as a public transit bus could expose more people to injury than a private automobile crash. Bus crashes also have a significant impact on the automobiles that are involved. Since a high percentage of bus crashes in Florida are caused by rear-end collisions with private automobiles, improving the signage and lighting that will allow buses to move back into traffic safely is very important for bus safety and operations. This paper uses bus operator surveys, crash data, and field studies to develop recommendations for lighting and signage on the back of the bus, roadway signs and revised Florida legislations. Improved signage and lighting will help the bus move back into traffic safely, decrease bus delay and improve bus operations however it must be accompanied by laws and law enforcement.

L’emprise de la lumière artificielle s’étend de manière importante et rapide à travers le monde entier et est en train de changer le paysage nocturne menaçant ainsi une large part des écosystèmes. L’augmentation des niveaux de lumière la nuit entraîne une perturbation du rythme circadien et par là une modification des comportements des espèces nocturnes mais aussi diurnes et des interactions entre espèces. Malgré l’importance de l’enjeu que représente la pollution lumineuse, le manque de connaissances dans le domaine limite la création de réglementations pour réduire l’impact de l’éclairage nocturne sur la biodiversité. Il est donc urgent d’apporter des éléments concrets pour construire des recommandations et des outils d’évaluation à destination des gestionnaires du territoire.Dans ce contexte, l’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier l’impact de la pollution lumineuse sur la faune nocturne à deux échelles paysagères afin de préconiser des méthodes d’évaluation et de gestion de l’éclairage artificiel. Nous avons utilisé les chauves-souris comme modèle d’étude car elles sont longévives et nocturnes et donc fortement affectées par la pollution lumineuse. De plus, il a été montré que les tendances de leurs populations tendent à refléter celles d’espèces plus basses dans la chaîne trophique, les rendant ainsi d’autant plus sensibles aux pressions anthropiques. Dans un premier temps, nous avons étudié l’effet de la pollution lumineuse à l’échelle de villes, une échelle paysagère en cohérence à la fois avec les distances de déplacement des individus et avec une réalité de gestion de l’éclairage. Malgré que les espèces anthropophiles vivant toujours dans les grandes villes soient considérée comme bénéficiant de l’éclairage artificiel, ce travail a montré qu’à une échelle regroupant tous les aspects des déplacements quotidiens des individus, l’effet global de la lumière est négatif. De plus, bien qu’une part significative de la pollution lumineuse soit due à l’éclairage public de par sa permanence et son étende, l’étude montre que l’éclairage privé n’est pourtant pas à négliger. Au-delà d’un effet sur le niveau d’activité, la lumière artificielle peut avoir un effet de barrière dans le déplacement des individus et ainsi réduire la connectivité du paysage. Alors que les politiques environnementales sont en faveur du développement de corridors écologiques, la non-inclusion du facteur pollution lumineuse pourrait réduire significativement leur efficacité pour les espèces nocturnes. Un travail de modélisation mettant en lien des données biologiques d’activité avec des aspects paysagers mais aussi lumière a permis de construire des corridors adaptés pour les espèces nocturnes. Cela a aussi mené à des outils d’évaluation de scénarios d’éclairage qui peuvent être utilisés en amont d’aménagements afin de prédire l’impact d’un changement et de les adapter aux enjeux de biodiversité. A une échelle plus fine, il est nécessaire de comprendre quelles caractéristiques des points lumineux sont les plus pertinents à maîtriser afin de formuler des recommandations pour limiter l’impact sur la biodiversité. Nous avons mené une étude de terrain dans un espace protégé où les enjeux sur les chauves-souris sont d’autant plus importants que les espèces les plus sensibles à la lumière y sont protégées, ainsi que leurs habitats, à l’échelle européenne. En travaillant à l’interface entre urbanisation et habitats semi-naturels, nous avons pu montrer que c’est la quantité de lumière émise qui ont l’effet le plus notable. C’est donc ce paramètre sur lequel il faut travailler en priorité pour limiter l’impact de la lumière sur des zones pouvant servir de corridor ou de zone refuge aux espèces sensibles. / The spatial extent of artificial light is increasing rapidly and significantly on Earth surface hence changing the nocturnal lightscape and threatening an important part of ecosystems. The rise in nighttime light levels induces a perturbation of the circadian rhythm and thus a modification of nocturnal, but also some diurnal, species behavior and interactions between species. Despite the spread of light pollution being of major concern, the knowledge gaps in this field limit the creation of regulations to reduce the impact of nighttime lighting on biodiversity. Therefore it is urgent to produce clear and practical information to build tools and define recommendations for land managers. In this context, the aim of the PhD thesis is to study the impact of light pollution on nocturnal fauna through two spatial scales in order to propose methods to evaluate and manage artificial light. We used bats as a model species as they are long-lived and nocturnal and thus highly impacted by light pollution. In addition, it has been shown that their population trends tend to reflect those of species lower in the trophic chain which makes them even more sensitive to anthropic pressures. First, we studied the effect of light pollution within cities. This spatial scale is both coherent with bats distance of movement and with the reality of public lighting management. Although some urban-adapted species living within large cities are considered to benefit from artificial light, this work showed that, at a scale including all aspects of bats daily travels, light has a negative effect on bats activity level. Also, even if a large part of light pollution is due to public lighting, the results show that private lighting should not be neglected. Beyond the impact on bat activity, artificial light can have a barrier effect when individuals are transiting and thus reduce the landscape connectivity. Whereas environmental policies are promoting the development of ecological corridors, not considering light pollution could significantly reduce their efficiency for nocturnal species. Modelling the link between biological data and landscape variables including light level allowed us to build adapted corridors for nocturnal species. This lead to the development of a tool to evaluate lighting scenarios that could be used prior to the implementation of a lighting plan in order to predict the impact it would have and hence adapt it to the local biodiversity issues. At a finer scale, it is necessary to understand which light characteristics are the most relevant levers of actions to formulate recommendations to limit light pollution impact on biodiversity. We carried a field work experiment in a protected area where conservation issues on bat species are even higher as the species most sensitive to light are protected there, together with their habitat, at the EU level. We worked at the interface between urban and semi-natural areas and showed that the illuminance was the most important light characteristic. Hence it is on this parameters that regulations should be applied in priority to limit the impact of light on areas that could potentially be used as corridors or dark refuges for sensitive species.

[pt] Não obstante os sofisticados avanços em tecnologias ópticas, ainda não existem fontes de luz artificial capazes de simular de forma adequada a luz do dia natural. Alcançar um padrão de iluminação como este representará uma redução nos custos de produção, em função de retrabalhos gerados por avaliações visuais pouco confiáveis, e nas divergências comerciais relacionadas a produtos que têm como característica de controle a cor, tais como artigos têxteis, gráficos, de merchandising etc. A presente pesquisa de mestrado em metrologia relaciona-se à avaliação metrológica das fontes luminosas e cabines de iluminação disponíveis no mercado e à sua adequação às normas que definem especificações técnicas, com o propósito de estimular introdução de inovação tecnológica em novos desenvolvimentos industriais capazes de melhorar o desempenho desses aparatos. A pesquisa contribui, também, com o desenvolvimento de um diagnóstico do acervo de normas técnicas disponíveis aplicáveis à padronização de sistemas de iluminação; investigação de lâmpadas fluorescentes usualmente utilizadas como simuladores de luz do dia e avaliação metrológica de cabines de iluminação disponíveis no mercado. Em particular, medições foram realizadas em um sistema espectroradiométrico de alta definição, que utiliza um monocromador duplo com capacidade de dispersão do feixe de 2 nm/mm. Ensaios e análises de repetitividade e reprodutibilidade conduzidas no sistema de medição espectroradiométrico permitiu quantificar a variabilidade associada a cada lote de fabricação dos simuladores de luz do dia, comercializados na forma de lâmpadas fluorescentes disponíveis no mercado nacional. Caracterizada a variação da distribuição espectral ao longo do eixo das fontes luminosas investigadas (lâmpadas) foi possível desenvolver uma análise do impacto induzido na uniformidade da iluminação obtida em cabines industrializadas, assim definindo um fator de diferenciação de interesse técnico e comercial. A pesquisa revelou que nenhum dos simuladores de luz do dia testados atingiu os requisitos mínimos estabelecidos para a comparação visual de cores, quando avaliados com base em normas e práticas internacionais. Foram ainda realizadas medições para se verificar a influência dos elementos construtivos das cabines na distribuição espectral de potência na área de avaliação. Fundamentado nas 1578 medições realizadas em condições laboratoriais que simulam ambientes industriais, a pesquisa comprova que alterações nas características construtivas das cabines possuem impacto no resultado da classificação das distribuições espectrais de potência, criando assim uma condição facilitadora para que as especificações normativas sejam atingidas, mesmo com a utilização de lâmpadas fluorescentes disponíveis no mercado e de preço reduzido. / [en] Notwithstanding the complex advances in optical technologies, there are still no artificial light sources capable of adequately simulating the natural daylight. Reaching such a lighting standard will represent a reduction of the production costs, in view of the rework caused by not so reliable visual evaluations, and of the commercial conflicts related to products that have colour as one of their control characteristics, such as textile, graphics and merchandising articles. The present Master degree metrology research is related to the metrological evaluation of the lighting sources and light booths available in the market (commercially available), and to their conformity to the technical specifications standards, aiming to stimulate the introduction of technological innovation to new industrial developments eligible to enhance the performance of these apparatus. The research has also contributed to the development of a diagnosis of the collection of the existing technical standards applied to the standardisation of lighting systems; to the investigation of fluorescent lamps generally used as daylight simulators, and to the metrological evaluation of light booths available in the market (commercially available). Particularly, analyses were done with a highly precise spectroradiometric system that uses a double monochromator with capacity for beam dispersion of 2 nm/mm. Tests and analyses on repeatability and reproducibility made with the spectroradiometric measurement system let to quantify the variety associated with each manufactured set of daylight simulators, commercialised as fluorescent lamps available at the local market. Having the spectral distribution determined throughout the axis of the studied lighting sources (lamps) it was possible to develop an analysis of the impact caused at the lighting uniformity obtained for industrial light booths, and so, specifying a distinctive factor technically and commercially interesting. The research revealed that, when evaluated considering the international practices and standards, none of the daylight simulators tested achieved the minimum requirement indicated for the visual comparison of colours. In addition, measurements were done to verify the influence of the light booths building pieces at the power spectral distribution within the evaluation area. Based on 1578 measurements done at laboratorial conditions simulating industrial environment, the research proves that changes in the building characteristics of the light booths produce an impact at the result of the power spectral distribution classification, creating, thus, a smooth condition for the attendance of the standards specifications, even when using low-cost fluorescents lamps available in the market.

L'objectif de cette thèse consiste à déterminer l'influence d'une pression ambiante comprise entre 100 à 600 KPa sur l'évaporation d'une goutte, puis sur l'évaporation d'un spray soumis aux mêmes conditions. La première étape consiste à étudier l'influence de la pression ambiante sur l'évolution de la forme, du diamètre, de la vitesse et du débit d'évaporation d'une goutte de liquide en chute libre. Pour cela, une technique de mesure optique a été utilisée et une méthodologie a été développée pour calibrer cette technique de mesure et ainsi minimiser les erreurs de mesures sur la taille des particules. En parallèle, un modèle analytique d'évaporation de gouttes en chute libre a été développé : une attention particulière a été portée sur la détermination d'une corrélation adaptée au calcul du coefficient de traînée afin de tenir compte de l'évolution de la forme des gouttes au cours de leur chute. Ce modèle d'évaporation de gouttes est comparé à un modèle d'évaporation de spray (prenant en compte l'entrainement d'air, la concentration de vapeur au loin de la goutte et l'influence de la pression ambiante) pour montrer les limites du modèle d'évaporation de gouttes lors de son application à l'évaporation d'un spray. La deuxième étape de l'étude a consisté à appliquer les techniques de mesure et d'analyse mises au point précédemment à l'étude de la granulométrie d'un spray pour caractériser l'influence de trois paramètres : la pression ambiante, la pression d'injection du liquide et la nature du liquide. L'analyse des résultats a permis de développer un modèle statistique pour déterminer la granulométrie de ces sprays.

The purpose of this study was to develop recommendations for using more efficient lighting and better graphic design to create a more uniform structure in the exhibition hall “Road to the past” in Jönköping County Museum by answering the following questions at issue: 1) How are the objects in the exhibition hall “Road to the past” exposed today? 2) How can you use lighting and graphic design to create structure in the exhibition and strengthen the expression in the exhibition? Our work is based on observations and open group interviews. We observed the exhibition hall “Road to the past” during day and evening. In the same hall, we observed a guided tour that we followed up with open group interviews. Finally, we observed four exhibition halls in Stockholm that are located at the Historical Museum, Royal Armory and at the Army Museum. The purpose of the observation of exhibition hall "Road to the past" was to answer the first question of issue. The observations in Stockholm, the observation of the tour and the interviews were some of the basis for responding to our second question of issue. The results of this study show that graphic design and lighting design can enhance the expression of the exhibition hall. Examples are given of how to work with colors that attract attention and how information texts can be designed in a guided and easy to read manner. In addition, it explains how the lighting can be adjusted to the objects in the hall as well as the human vision. To spatially dispose the objects in the exhibition in a logic and guiding way is also described as a method to enhance the expression of the exhibition. The result of the investigation shows that through color selection, and outline of the lighting one also can create a flow of the exhibition hall that leads the visitor through the exhibition. We conclude that the visitors’ experience of the exhibition hall “Road to the past” at the moment is strongly linked to whether it is part of a guided tour or not. The essay discusses solutions so that the exhibition can be more self-guiding. / Syftet med detta examensarbete var att ta fram rekommendationer för hur man med hjälp av mer ändamålsenlig belysning och grafisk design kan skapa en tydligare och mer enhetlig struktur i utställningen ”Vägen till det förflutna” vid Jönköpings Läns Museum genom att besvara följande frågeställningar: 1) Hur exponeras föremålen i utställningssalen ”Vägen till det förflutna” i dagsläget? 2) Hur kan man stärka uttrycket i utställningen och skapa en tydligare och mer enhetlig struktur med hjälp av bättre grafisk design och mer ändamålsenlig belysning? Vi har i studien använt oss av observationer och öppna gruppintervjuer. Inledningsvis observerade vi utställningssalen ”Vägen till det förflutna” under dags och kvällstid. Efter detta genomförde vi en observation av en guidad tur i samma sal som vi sedan följde upp med öppna gruppintervjuer. Slutligen observerade vi fyra andra utställningssalar i Stockholm som finns belägna på Historiska Museet, Livrustkammaren och på Armémuseum. Syftet med observationen av utställningssalen ”Vägen till det förflutna” var att svara på frågeställning ett. Observationerna i Stockholm, observationen av den guidade turen samt intervjuerna har använts för att svara på frågeställning två. Resultatet av studien visar att man med grafisk design och ljusdesign kan förstärka uttrycken i utställningssalen. Exempel ges på hur man kan jobba med färgval som attraherar och lockar till uppmärksamhet och hur informationstexter kan utformas på ett guidande och lättläst sätt. Vidare beskrivs hur belysningen kan anpassas, dels till salens föremål och dels till det mänskliga synsinnet.  Att spatialt disponera utställningsföremålen vägledande och logiskt beskrivs också som ett sätt att förstärka uttrycket i utställningen. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att man genom färgval, disposition och belysning också kan skapa ett flöde i utställningssalen som leder besökaren genom utställningen. Vi har dragit slutsatsen att besökarnas upplevelser av utställningssalen "Vägen till det förflutna" i nuläget är starkt kopplade till om man ingår i en guidad tur eller inte. I arbetet diskuteras lösningar för hur utställningen i högre grad kan göras självguidande.

<p>The purpose of this study was to develop recommendations for using more efficient lighting and better graphic design to create a more uniform structure in the exhibition hall “Road to the past” in Jönköping County Museum by answering the following questions at issue:</p><p>1) How are the objects in the exhibition hall “Road to the past” exposed today?</p><p>2) How can you use lighting and graphic design to create structure in the exhibition and strengthen the expression in the exhibition?</p><p>Our work is based on observations and open group interviews. We observed the exhibition hall “Road to the past” during day and evening. In the same hall, we observed a guided tour that we followed up with open group interviews. Finally, we observed four exhibition halls in Stockholm that are located at the Historical Museum, Royal Armory and at the Army Museum. The purpose of the observation of exhibition hall "Road to the past" was to answer the first question of issue. The observations in Stockholm, the observation of the tour and the interviews were some of the basis for responding to our second question of issue.</p><p>The results of this study show that graphic design and lighting design can enhance the expression of the exhibition hall. Examples are given of how to work with colors that attract attention and how information texts can be designed in a guided and easy to read manner. In addition, it explains how the lighting can be adjusted to the objects in the hall as well as the human vision. To spatially dispose the objects in the exhibition in a logic and guiding way is also described as a method to enhance the expression of the exhibition. The result of the investigation shows that through color selection, and outline of the lighting one also can create a flow of the exhibition hall that leads the visitor through the exhibition.</p><p>We conclude that the visitors’ experience of the exhibition hall “Road to the past” at the moment is strongly linked to whether it is part of a guided tour or not. The essay discusses solutions so that the exhibition can be more self-guiding.</p> / <p>Syftet med detta examensarbete var att ta fram rekommendationer för hur man med hjälp av mer ändamålsenlig belysning och grafisk design kan skapa en tydligare och mer enhetlig struktur i utställningen ”Vägen till det förflutna” vid Jönköpings Läns Museum genom att besvara följande frågeställningar:</p><p>1) Hur exponeras föremålen i utställningssalen ”Vägen till det förflutna” i dagsläget?</p><p>2) Hur kan man stärka uttrycket i utställningen och skapa en tydligare och mer enhetlig struktur med hjälp av bättre grafisk design och mer ändamålsenlig belysning?</p><p>Vi har i studien använt oss av observationer och öppna gruppintervjuer. Inledningsvis observerade vi utställningssalen ”Vägen till det förflutna” under dags och kvällstid. Efter detta genomförde vi en observation av en guidad tur i samma sal som vi sedan följde upp med öppna gruppintervjuer. Slutligen observerade vi fyra andra utställningssalar i Stockholm som finns belägna på Historiska Museet, Livrustkammaren och på Armémuseum. Syftet med observationen av utställningssalen ”Vägen till det förflutna” var att svara på frågeställning ett. Observationerna i Stockholm, observationen av den guidade turen samt intervjuerna har använts för att svara på frågeställning två.</p><p>Resultatet av studien visar att man med grafisk design och ljusdesign kan förstärka uttrycken i utställningssalen. Exempel ges på hur man kan jobba med färgval som attraherar och lockar till uppmärksamhet och hur informationstexter kan utformas på ett guidande och lättläst sätt. Vidare beskrivs hur belysningen kan anpassas, dels till salens föremål och dels till det mänskliga synsinnet.  Att spatialt disponera utställningsföremålen vägledande och logiskt beskrivs också som ett sätt att förstärka uttrycket i utställningen. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att man genom färgval, disposition och belysning också kan skapa ett flöde i utställningssalen som leder besökaren genom utställningen.</p><p>Vi har dragit slutsatsen att besökarnas upplevelser av utställningssalen "Vägen till det förflutna" i nuläget är starkt kopplade till om man ingår i en guidad tur eller inte. I arbetet diskuteras lösningar för hur utställningen i högre grad kan göras självguidande.</p>