Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Orientador: Hélio Grassi Filho / Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas / Banca: Paulo Hercilio Viegas Rodrigues / Resumo: O manejo de fertilizantes em agricultura irrigada juntamente com o conhecimento das demandas de nutrientes durante o ciclo das culturas contribuem para uma eficiência da fertirrigação. Frente a essa questão e a escassez de informações sobre a cultura do copo-de-leite colorido (Zantedeschia sp.), o objetivo desse trabalho foi determinar a exigência nutricional e acúmulo de nutrientes em duas cultivares de copo-de-leite colorido sob fertirrigação como meio de fornecer subsídios para o manejo nutricional bem como meio de indicar uma referência de fertirrigação à cultura. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido na empresa Pro Clone, localizada no município de Holambra - SP. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcela subdividida, com 4 repetições de 10 plantas. As cultivares utilizadas foram Black Magic e Chianti e estabelecido seis épocas de avaliação: 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 e 84 dias após o plantio.A fertirrigação foi via microaspersão.Avaliou-se, a cada quatorze dias, a produção de massa seca e a quantidade acumulada de nutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn) nas folhas, tubérculo e raízes.Observou- se que as cultivares apresentaram comportamentos diferentes quanto a massa seca bem como acúmulo de nutrientes,onde a cultivar Black Magic apresentou maior acúmulo de massa seca e maior exigência nutricional em relação a cv. Chianti.As diferenças percentuais de nutrientes acumulados ao final do ciclo entre elas avaliadas foram na seguinte magnitude: 59 % de N, 46 % de S, 44 % de K, 43% de Ca, 38 % de Mg 38 % de Zn, 33% de Mn 22 % de P, 15% de B, 8 % de Cu e 6 % de Fe. O período de maior exigência de macro e micronutrientes para a cv. Black Magic se concentra no período entre 42 e 56 dias após o plantio, sendo para a cv Chianti no período de 42 e 56 para os macronutrientes e 56 e 70 para os micronutrientes...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The fertilizer manegement in irrigated agriculture along the knowledge of nutrients requirements during the crop cycle contribute to the efficiency of fertigation. Faced in this issue and the scarcity of information about calla lily (Zantedeschia sp.), the objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional requirements and nutrient uptake in two cultivars of calla lily under fertigation conditions to providing subsidies for the nutritional management and as a indicating fertigation reference to the crop.The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions at Pro Clone Company, located in the city of Holambra - SP. The experiment was set up as a randomized block design with a split plot arrangement and four replicatios.The treatments consisted of cultivars Black Magic and Chianti and established six evaluation periods: 14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 days after planting. The fertigation was under micro-sprinkler method.It was evaluated,every fourteen days the dry matter production and nutrient uptake (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in leaves, tubers and roots.The results showed different behaviors between cultivars at dry matter and nutrient uptake, where the Black Magic cultivar showed a higher biomass production and greater nutritional requirements in relation to Chianti .The percentage differences of nutrient uptake at the end of the cycle between them were evaluated in the following magnitude: 59 % de N, 46 % de S, 44 % de K, 43% de Ca, 38 % de Mg 38 % de Zn, 33% de Mn 22 % de P, 15% de B, 8 % de Cu and 6 % of Fe. The highest period of macro and micronutrients requirements for cv. Black Magic focuses on the period from 42 to 56 days after planting, and for cv. Chianti from 42 to 56 for macronutrients and 56 to 70 for micronutrients. The amount of nutrients uptake in the plant in both cultivars followed a decreasing order: K > N> Ca > P > S > Mg... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The diploma thesis consists of three parts. The first part is devoted to the expression `vase{\crq} and further to the shift of the word vase and different use of vases in the selected historical periods. It deals with the meaning of flowers in the selected historical periods. The second part follows, which deals with lily and daffodil and reasoning of choice of these flowers. This part describes concepts of design of vases for these cut flowers. Next it deals with typology of vases, rules for designing of vases and rules for drapery. The third part deals with practical fabrication of vases for lily and daffodil. It describes technique of vases manufacturing with help of plaster moulds, and complete procedure for their fabrication. Following appendixes document the development of design of vases.

Sue Monk Kidd’s The Secret Life of Bees (2002) tells the story of a motherless fourteen-year-old Lily Owens, raised by a cruel father, who desperately searches for clues to unlock her mother’s past. Kidd’s bildungsroman reveals the incredible power of black women, particularly a group of beekeeping sisters and a black Mary, to create a safe haven where Lily can examine her fragmented life and develop psychologically, finally becoming a self-actualized young lady. Lily’s matriarchal world of influence both compares and contrasts with the patriarchal world represented in Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, exposing the matriarchy’s aptly structured ways of providing a more healing environment than is Huck Finn’s. Kidd’s novel also showcases the stylistic strategies of first person narrative point of view, language, dialect, and the motif of place in order to contextualize the social awareness and psychological development Lily gains through her journey.

Sue Monk Kidd’s The Secret Life of Bees (2002) tells the story of a motherless fourteen-year-old Lily Owens, raised by a cruel father, who desperately searches for clues to unlock her mother’s past. Kidd’s bildungsroman reveals the incredible power of black women, particularly a group of beekeeping sisters and a black Mary, to create a safe haven where Lily can examine her fragmented life and develop psychologically, finally becoming a self-actualized young lady. Lily’s matriarchal world of influence both compares and contrasts with the patriarchal world represented in Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, exposing the matriarchy’s aptly structured ways of providing a more healing environment than is Huck Finn’s. Kidd’s novel also showcases the stylistic strategies of first person narrative point of view, language, dialect, and the motif of place in order to contextualize the social awareness and psychological development Lily gains through her journey.

The House of Mirth's main character, Lily Bart, is charaterized a fated character, incapable of exerting free will. With the help of Lawrence Selden and Gerty Farish, she realizes that, for the most part, she has lived and acted according to what others expect of her.

Lilium grayi (Gray’s Lily), a southern Appalachian endemic species, is threatened by a Lilium-specific fungal pathogen, Pseudocercosporella inconspicua. The disease is characterized by tan lesions that can cause early senescence, while also lowering seed production and viability. This project tested for P. inconspicua conidia and accessed health at nine locations. The disease was present and ubiquitous across the range of L. grayi. Through identification of P. inconspicua conidia in the field, L. superbum (Turk’s Cap Lily) was identified as an additional host, while L. michauxii (Michaux’s Lily) was disease-free. However, infection was inducible in both species. With the disease widespread in L. superbum and this species represented by many large populations, L. superbum may act as disease reservoir, further complicating the outlook for L. grayi. The disease should be considered an epidemic because of its impact on individual plants, its commonness within populations, and its ubiquity across the geographical range.

Ce mémoire de recherche-création se compose d'un roman par fragments ainsi que d'une étude théorique. Le volet création, *Mille lettres que tu ne liras jamais*, engage plusieurs facettes de l'expérience du numérique. Le roman se segmente en deux parties : « avant » et « après ». La première explore la relation uniquement par messagerie instantanée en abordant l'intensité illusoire de la relation numérique. Le segment suivant, « après », fait basculer la relation amoureuse hors-numérique et dégonfle les attentes de la narratrice exacerbées par le virtuel. L'univers narratif se veut une exploration des dynamiques amoureuses ancrées dans l'omniprésence des réseaux sociaux. Entre la solitude de se retrouver isolée derrière l'écran du cellulaire et l'exquise obsession d'attendre un message, la narratrice délaisse tranquillement ses utopies virtuelles pour s'affranchir de celui qu'elle aime. Le volet recherche, *Les amants modernes par l'entremise du numérique dans* Géolocaliser l'amour *de Simon Boulerice et* Sauf que j'ai rien dit *de Lily Pinsonneault*, étudie l'incidence des nouvelles technologies sur le dialogue amoureux. La réflexion aborde les enjeux du numérique sur les relations amoureuses, les procédés narratifs qui en découlent ainsi que les sentiments conflictuels de solitude, d'attachement et d'indépendance vécus par les protagonistes. / This Master's Dissertation in research-creation consists of a novel in fragments as well as a theoretical study. The creation section, *Mille lettres que tu ne liras jamais*, engages several facets of the digital experience. The novel is divided into two parts: "before" and "after". The former explores the relationship solely through instant messaging by addressing the illusory intensity of the digital relationship. The following segment, "after," shifts the romantic relationship outside of digital and deflates the narrator's expectations exacerbated by the virtual. The narrative universe is intended to be an exploration of romantic dynamics anchored in the omnipresence of social networks. Between the solitude of finding herself isolated behind the cell phone screen and the exquisite obsession of waiting for a message, the narrator quietly abandons her virtual utopias to free herself from the one she loves. The research section, *Les amants modernes par l'entremise du numérique dans* Géolocaliser l'amour *de Simon Boulerice et* Sauf que j'ai rien dit *de Lily Pinsonneault*, studies the impact of new technologies on romantic dialogue. The reflection addresses the challenges of digital technology on romantic relationships, the narrative processes that result from it as well as the conflicting feelings of solitude, attachment and independence experienced by the protagonists.

Le criocère du lis, Lilioceris lilii (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae), un ravageur de lis et de fritillaires d’origine eurasienne, a été observé pour la première fois en Amérique du Nord en 1943 sur l’Ile de Montréal au Canada. Après y avoir été confiné pendant environ 25 années, ce coléoptère a par la suite progressé rapidement sur le territoire nord-américain. Actuellement, on l’observe dans huit provinces canadiennes et huit états américains. Cette étude a investigué les routes d’invasion utilisées par le criocère du lis au Canada et aux États- Unis avec l’aide de marqueurs génétiques AFLP. Pour ce faire, 516 individus parmi 34 sites en Amérique du Nord et en Europe ont été échantillonnés et analysés. Le premier objectif était de déterminer, en analysant la structure génétique des populations nord-américains, s’il y avait eu une ou plusieurs introductions en provenance d’Europe. Le deuxième objectif était d’identifier l’origine de la ou des populations introduites en Amérique du Nord. Finalement, le troisième objectif consistait à proposer un scénario d’invasion de L. lilii en Amérique du Nord basé sur les données de première mention et de structure génétique des populations échantillonnées. Les résultats démontrent une signature génétique distincte entre les criocères du lis du Canada et ceux des États-Unis, suggérant ainsi deux sources d’introductions indépendantes en Amérique du Nord, soit une première introduction à Montréal, Québec, dans les années 1940 et une seconde aux États-Unis au début des années 1990 à Cambridge, Massachusetts. De plus, les deux populations nord-américaines semblent provenir de différentes régions du nord de l’Europe, ce qui est conséquent avec le scénario suggérant deux sources d’introductions indépendantes. Chacune des populations aurait par la suite progressé respectivement dans leur pays d’introduction selon une dispersion de type stratifiée. En effet, la progression continue de L. lilii dans certaines régions suggère une dispersion naturelle de l’espèce sur le territoire nord-américain, alors que la progression rapide sur de longues distances semble être causée par le transport anthropique de lis contaminés. / The lily leaf beetle, Lilioceris lilii (Coleoptera : Chrysomelidae), a Eurasian pest of lilies and fritillaries, was first observed in North America in 1943 on the Island of Montréal, Canada. After being confined to Montréal for approximately 25 years, the beetle quickly progressed in North America, and is currently present in eight Canadian provinces and eight American states. During this study, we have investigated the routes of invasion followed by L. lilii in North America, using AFLP markers. We sampled and analysed 516 individuals from 34 sites across North America and Europe. Our first objective was to characterize the genetic structure of North American L. lilii populations to determine if they originated from a single or form multiple introductions from Europe. The second objective was to identify the geographical origin of the invasive population(s). Finally, the third objective was to trace back the geographical routes of invasion of L. lilii in North America, using information from both the dates of first observations and the genetic structure of sampled populations. Our results showed clear genetic difference between individuals from Canada and the USA, suggesting at least two different sources of introductions of L. lilii in North America. A first episode of introduction took place in Montréal, Canada in the 1940’s while a second introduction occurred in Cambridge, Massachusetts, around 1990. Also, both North American populations seem to originate from different populations in northern Europe, which support the hypothesis of two distinct sources of introduction. Each population next progressed in its respective country following a stratified dispersal. Indeed, continuous progression of the beetle in some regions of North America suggests a pattern of natural dispersion, while human-mediated carrying of infected lilies seemed to be responsible for the long-range movement of the beetle.

Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. / Relationships between the United States and its worldwide network of allies has, since the inception of NATO, greatly revolved around the United States' ability and desire to permanently station troops oversees. Since 1941, the United States has entered into these basing agreements for a variety of strategic and sometimes political reasons. From NATO's inception, and as the cornerstone of its defensive structure, the United States has combined the idea of sending troops to different regions of the world with a global basing strategy founded on the concepts of overlapping protection and deployability. At times, to gain access to areas of strategic interest, the United States has offered aid and economic assistance along with a military presence. In other cases, positively affecting the political climate of the country was the stated goal of troop presence. This thesis will examine the effects of basing in Greece and Spain in order to uncover lessons learned which might be applied to the new US global basing plan and current troop positioning activities in Kyrgyzstan. In both cases the United States worked with openly dictatorial governments for the purposes of basing and did not foster the long term political situation initially desired. / Captain, United States Army