Chinese-English code switching (CS thereafter) has become a common phenomenon in mainland China in the last decades of years. Most research focuses on sociolinguistic perspectives of CS in mainland China. However, there is rarely research aiming at exploring linguistic patterns of CS. To fill the research gap, this study attempts to perceive into the linguistic patterns of Chinese-English CS. Myers-Scotton' s Matrix Language Frame model (MLF model thereafter) is used as a framework in this study. On one hand, it can help me to classify data and explain why the data comes into being. One the other hand, CS between two typologically different languages can test the universality of the MLF model. Two hundred and seven Chinese-English bilingual utterances are quantitatively classified and qualitatively described as the basis of the analysis of this study. In this study, a whole picture of linguistic patterns of Chinese-English CS was presented. I further analyze some counterexamples against the MLF model, such as creative forms, which conform to neither the grammar of Chinese nor that of English. Thus, it is revealed that the MLF model cannot offer explanations to those innovative forms. I argue that the innovative forms in the corpus of this study belong to artistic CS. Artistic code­switching utterances mainly exist as lyrics or buzzwords on the Internet, which are intentionally created by people. These forms are invented to be different and attract people,s attention, so usually they do not conform to grammars and common language codes. No wonder that the MLF model cannot explin the artistic CS. Other limitations of the MLF model are also discussed in this dissertation.

Este trabalho trata das atitudes lingüísticas dos falantes em relação às variedades lingüísticas utilizadas nas duas comunidades pesquisadas. Quando são atribuídos valores aos falantes de uma língua ou variedade lingüística, em última análise, o que está sendo avaliado positiva ou negativamente é a própria língua ou variedade lingüística por eles empregada. Deste modo são observadas as atitudes lingüísticas de prestígio ou desprestígio - preconceito ou estigma - dos falantes nas ocorrências de português padrão, dialeto italiano e português com interferências do dialeto italiano. A análise é realizada a partir dos dados levantados nas pesquisas de campo, por amostragem, de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo e são apresentadas as conclusões advindas deste estudo. / Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-13T18:57:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Maria Cristina Z Bergamaschi.pdf: 1061607 bytes, checksum: c0fbb615e9036ca849a486e769793726 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-13T18:57:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Maria Cristina Z Bergamaschi.pdf: 1061607 bytes, checksum: c0fbb615e9036ca849a486e769793726 (MD5) / This study refers to the speakers attitude toward linguistic variations used on both studied communities. When values are attributed to the speakers of a language or to linguistic variation, eventually, the language or linguistic variation used by them is being positive or negatively analyzed. Therefore, the speakers linguistic attitudes of prestige or disrepute - prejudice or stigma - are being observed in the occurrences of standard Portuguese, Italian dialect and Portuguese with interference of Italian dialect. The analysis is carried out based on the qualitative and quantitative field research data, through samples, and the conclusions to this study are presented.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-07-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:39:52Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 fonseca_amh_me_sjrp.pdf: 1042737 bytes, checksum: f9dd75259f6eb37c6e7099009f8f986f (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O presente trabalho tem como tema central a perífrase verbal ir+infinitivo. Sob o ponto de vista da Gramaticalização, tratamos da formação da perífrase e de sua multifuncionalidade no Português Brasileiro, mais especificamente na variedade falada no interior do Estado de São Paulo. As amostras de fala integram o banco de dados Iboruna. Além da função de futuridade, a perífrase expressa também funções aspectuais, modais e de marcador discursivo, multifuncionalidade decorrente de diferentes estágios de sua gramaticalização. A partir das funções identificadas, relacionamos os graus de gramaticalidade da perífrase com a escala universal de gramaticalização das categorias verbais flexionais do complexo TAM (Tempo, Aspecto, Modo/Modalidade), comprovando a hipótese de que a escala de gramaticalização de ir+infinitivo obedece à ordem “universal” dos morfemas verbais flexionais como postulado em Bybee (1985). Sob o enfoque da Sociolinguística, procedemos ao tratamento variável da expressão de futururidade codificada por [IRPRESENTE INDICATIVO + Infinitivo] vs. [Futuro do Presente], no caso de Futuro do Presente, e por [IRPRETÉRITO IMPERFEITO + Infinitivo] vs. [Futuro do Pretérito], no caso de Futuro do Pretérito. Enquanto a expressão de Futuro do Presente não constitui regra variável na comunidade de fala investigada, visto que a mudança já se instaurou em favor da variante analítica, a expressão de Futuro do Pretérito na forma analítica é condicionada pelos seguintes fatores: estatuto sintático da oração (orações subordinadas), paradigma verbal do verbo principal (verbos regulares), tipo de estado de coisas (estado), tipo de texto (narrativo) e idade do informante (faixa etária mais jovem). Ao final, consideramos que a principal contribuição do trabalho foi a de mostrar o êxito da abordagem de um mesmo fenômeno na interface... / This study focuses on the ir+infinitive verbal periphrasis. From the aspect of Grammaticalization, this study approaches the formation of the periphrasis and its multifunctionality in Brazilian Portuguese language, especially in the variety used in the interior of São Paulo State. The samples of speech integrate the Iboruna database. Besides the function of futurity, the periphrasis also expresses aspectual and modal functions, and acts as discourse marker. This multifunctionality derives from different stages of its grammaticalization. Based on the functions identified, we have related the grammaticality degrees of the periphrasis to the universal scale of grammaticalization of flexional verbal categories of the TAM complex (Time, Aspect, Mode/Modality), proving the hypothesis that the grammaticalization scale of ir+infinitive follows the “universal” order of flexional verbal morphemes, as postulated in Bybee (1985). Under the focus of Sociolinguistics, we proceed to the variable treatment of the expression of futurity encoded by [IRPRESENT INDICATIVE + Infinitive] vs. [Future of Present], in the case of the Future of Present, and by [IRIMPERFECT PRETERITE + Infinitive] vs. [Future of Preterite], in the case of the Future of Preterite. While the expression of the Future of Present does not constitute a variable rule in the speech community investigated – due to the fact that the change has already been established in favor of the analytical variant –, the expression of the Future of Preterite is conditioned by the following factors: syntactic statute of the clause (subordinate clause), verbal paradigm of the main verb (regular verbs), type of state of things (state), type of text (narrative) and age of the informer (youngest age-group). Finally, it is possible to consider that the main contribution of this study was to show the success of approaching the same phenomenon... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Este trabalho trata das atitudes lingüísticas dos falantes em relação às variedades lingüísticas utilizadas nas duas comunidades pesquisadas. Quando são atribuídos valores aos falantes de uma língua ou variedade lingüística, em última análise, o que está sendo avaliado positiva ou negativamente é a própria língua ou variedade lingüística por eles empregada. Deste modo são observadas as atitudes lingüísticas de prestígio ou desprestígio - preconceito ou estigma - dos falantes nas ocorrências de português padrão, dialeto italiano e português com interferências do dialeto italiano. A análise é realizada a partir dos dados levantados nas pesquisas de campo, por amostragem, de caráter quantitativo e qualitativo e são apresentadas as conclusões advindas deste estudo. / This study refers to the speakers attitude toward linguistic variations used on both studied communities. When values are attributed to the speakers of a language or to linguistic variation, eventually, the language or linguistic variation used by them is being positive or negatively analyzed. Therefore, the speakers linguistic attitudes of prestige or disrepute - prejudice or stigma - are being observed in the occurrences of standard Portuguese, Italian dialect and Portuguese with interference of Italian dialect. The analysis is carried out based on the qualitative and quantitative field research data, through samples, and the conclusions to this study are presented.

Following a stroke, the majority of survivors experience challenges returning to participation, also known as “involvement in life situations” in the International Classification of Functioning, Health, and Disability. Contextual factors, such as low income and linguistic minority status, have been shown to have an impact on participation post stroke; however, the process by which this occurs is poorly understood. The aim of this research was to increase our understanding of how low income and official minority language status influence the experience of return to participation following a stroke. A qualitative multiple case study approach was used with eight francophone stroke survivors living in a low-income situation in eastern Ontario (Canada). Data was collected from several sources: semi-structured interviews with the stroke survivors and with their care partners, participant observations, four measures, and chart reviews. Data was categorised, and patterns that furthered understanding of the experience of return to participation were identified during intra and cross-case analyses. The stroke survivors were all able to access healthcare and social services in both official languages, and the findings suggest that official language minority status had limited influence on the experience of return to participation. Low income, however, influenced precursors to participation by limiting the stroke survivors’ ability to afford housing, goods (e.g., medication, equipment), and services (e.g., transportation, private therapy). Certain personal and environmental factors modulated the experience of return to participation – specifically, age, knowledge of the healthcare and social service systems, support of family and friends, the built environment, and health literacy. The healthcare and social policies of the macro environment, which regulates the healthcare and social services, had a critical influence on the experience of return to participation for these stroke survivors, irrespective of their individual situations, unless wealth or financial support was available.

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My dissertation investigates violence as a signifying system that produces meaning like a language. People remake the meaning of violence by way of normalizing hierarchies that permit some violences (but not others) to be perceived as acceptable. Specifically, the project engages with American legacies of historically legitimized violence, for example chattel slavery and frontier/settler colonial violence, and it shows how these legacies instill normalized violence into general culture.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether or not the Illinois Test of Psycholinguistic Abilities, including its subtests and total test scores, can be used reliably as predictors of achievement on other tests used in the diagnosis of language disorders in children.

Although multilingualism has been investigated in London, no studies have addressed the multilingual linguistic landscape of this linguistically diverse globalized mega-city. In addition, no previous research has addressed the linguistic impacts of colonialism on the colonizer with respect to signage in the linguistic landscape. With increasing rates of immigration and globalization in London, it is advantageous to fully document and research the nature of the linguistic landscape in order to create a baseline for future comparison. Consequently, aspects of the linguistic landscape of five London boroughs were collected and analyzed in terms of 2,062 signage items. The study noted multilingual signage situations in each borough with respect to the formal top-down and informal bottom-up nature of the signage. The results of this study document the significant impact of colonial and EU languages on London's linguistic landscape. These findings suggest that Britain's colonial languages make up the majority of London's multilingualism, followed by European Union languages. We suggest that future research attempt to track the changes of London's linguistic landscape by comparing future data to the data presented in this study as immigration laws change.