Pre-kindergarten students often arrive the first day of school carrying a backpack filled with supplies which they are eager to use. Inside these backpacks are scissors, glue, and crayons. This study proposes that the pre-kindergartners are also carrying another backpack, their literacy backpack holding all of their literacy skills and practices that they use every day at home. This qualitative case study examined these literacies brought from home in the students’ figurative literacy backpacks. The study also focused on their teachers’ literacy views and practices. The study was conducted in three parts. First, through field observations and interviews with parents, the literacy practices occurring at home were identified and examined. Unique “literacy stories” were crafted from the data for each of the pre-kindergartners and shared with their parents. Part two of the study examined the two pre-kindergarten teachers’ literacy practices through semi-structured interviews. The impact of external forces (e.g. state and federal mandates, school curriculum, grant requirements, and trainings) on the views and practices of the pre-kindergarten teachers was discussed. These external forces stress the development of formal literacies, thus modeling a narrow definition of literacy. Part three of the study focused on sharing the students’ “literacy stories” with their teachers and examining the teachers’ reactions to the stories. Data from the interviews following reading the stories pointed to the teachers’ acknowledging the multiple literacies found in the homes of their students and a desire to learn more about their families’ literacy practices in order to utilize them in the classroom. The students’ “literacy stories” proved to be a valuable tool in expanding the teachers’ definition of literacy. The stories helped the teachers broaden their views of literacy to include literacy practices that occur in many different cultural and social contexts; adopting a definition more in line with the socio-cultural development of literacy and the NLS concepts (Street, 2003). Using this definition, multiple literacies will be made visible in the classrooms and connections from home to school can be made allowing students to strengthen their existing literacies and expand them to incorporate other literacies. / text

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I uppsatsens inledning påtalas att medier influerar samhället och därigenom människors sätt att vara och känna. För att utveckla arbetsmetoder som svarar mot samhällets syn på text framhålls att dagens bibliotekarier bör ta detta i beaktan. Syftet med undersökningen är att studera bibliotekariers arbetsmetoder i samband med lässtimulerande arbete i ett samhälle som ses stå inför ett nytt textlandskap. Resultatet är en kvalitativ fallstudie som undersöker bibliotekarierna i tvärgruppen Unggruppen på Uppsala Stadsbibliotek och deras upplevelser av fenomenet. I kapitlet ”Bakgrund och tidigare forskning” presenteras forskning om samtida text, lässtimulerande arbete för barn och unga och bibliotekariers arbete mot unga på folkbibliotek. Det teoretiska ramverket består av ett sociokulturellt perspektiv så som det beskrivs av Roger Säljö. Teorierna lyfter fram tankar om att människan kommunicerar och tänker inom en social kontext med hjälp av kulturella redskap. För att analysera de kulturella redskap som framträder används begrepp ur Colin Lankshear och Michele Knobels teorier inom forskningsfältet New literacies. Metodens analysmaterial består av sex kvalitativa intervjuer, en observation och en dokumentanalys. Undersökningen svarar mot frågeställningar om hur ett vidgat textbegrepp uppfattas, hur Unggruppen agerar genom sina kulturella redskap och om bibliotekets kontext påverkar Unggruppens arbetsmetoder. Slutdiskussionen visar på att Unggruppen anser att ett vidgat textbegrepp kan leda till att stärka ungas självförtroende och läslust. Slutsatsen förklaras via en metafor där ett vidgat textbegrepp liknas vid ett kretslopp som ses gynna både individ och medium. En institutionalisering av ett vidgat textbegrepp sätts i relation till Uppsala Stadsbiblioteks möjlighet att fungera som en kommersiellt neutral zon för samtida text. Resultatet visar även att Unggruppen främst medierar eller förmedlar nya kulturella redskap genom andras kompetenser varvid följderna av en sekundär eller direkt mediering behandlas. För att folkbiblioteket som fysiskt rum och kontext ska kunna erbjuda en plats för ungas literacyaktiviter framhålls avslutningsvis vikten av att utgå från innehållet i aktiviteten och den sociala handling som uppstår. / The introduction of this two years master´s thesis points out the influence of various media on society, and subsequent effects on human behavior and self-awareness. The modern day librarian needs to take this into account when developing new tools, which correspond to society’s view of text. The purpose of this study is to investigate how librarians engage in promoting reading in the changing textual landscape of today’s society. The result is a qualitative case study examining the views of the workgroup Unggruppen at Uppsala Public Library on this topic. In the chapter “Background and prior research” a presentation of research on contemporary text, the promotion of reading among children and teenagers and public library outreach towards the young is presented. A sociocultural perspective as described by Roger Säljö supports the theoretical framework. These theories highlight the idea of human subjectivity and communication within a social context by means of cultural tools. In order to be able to analyze the featured cultural tools, notions of theories by Colin Lankshear and Michele Knobels in the field of New Literacies are used. The material of the analysis consists of six qualitative interviews, one observation and an analysis of a document. This study approaches questions of how an “expanded concept of text” is perceived, how Unggruppen mediates its cultural tools and how the context of the library affects the development of tools employed by Unggruppen. The final discussion indicates that Unggruppen considers that the “expanded concept of text” might increase the rate of reading and self-confidence of young people.  The conclusion is explained trough a metaphor depicting the “expanded concept of text” as a cycle benefitting both individual and media. An institutionalization of the ”expanded concept of text” is put in relation to Uppsala Public Library’s role as a non-profit zone of contemporary text. The result of the study also shows that Unggruppen mainly mediates new cultural tools through the competence of others. Thus the effect of a secondary or a direct mediation is discussed. Finally, the importance of considering the content of young people’s literacy activities while preparing a space for this within the physical context of the public library is emphasized.  The overall conclusion, looking at the case of Unggruppen, is the democratic empowerment of young people within the library. This is made possible by the librarians’ continuous notion of emerging cultural tools within and outside the context of the library.

This dissertation uses Masny’s Multiple Literacies Theory (MLT) to problematize assumptions about literacy underpinning the Language Instruction for Newcomers to Canada (LINC) program. In addition to teaching English, LINC aims to orient adult immigrants to “the Canadian way of life” which I argue constitutes a form of peace education: teaching peaceful, multicultural values as part of being/becoming Canadian. How do language, literacies, and lessons about peace intersect? MLT foregrounds the Deleuzean-Guattarian concept of becoming: reading intensively and immanently disrupts and transforms individuals in unpredictable ways. I deploy Deleuze and Guattari’s war machine to think about peace as a text that is read and violence as a revolutionary, disruptive force essential for the invention of peace. Accordingly, this research focuses on how experiences of peace AND violence contribute to becoming (i.e. transformation) through reading, reading the world, and self in LINC. Over a 4 month period, 2 teachers and 4 students participated in qualitative inquiry strategies including: video-recorded classroom observations, individual interviews (based on the viewing of video footage of classroom events), and student audio journals. I also collected classroom artifacts used during the observations. Through Deleuze’s transcendental empiricism I frame my research approach as rhizoanalysis. Rhizoanalysis is a (non)method that views data as transgressive (exceeding representation), analysis as a process producing rhizomatic connections (immanence), and reporting as cartography (mapping different assemblages). This research affirms that there is more going on in LINC than its mandate implies and raises questions pointing to the complexities of teaching and learning English in LINC. How might lessons about multicultural values be taken up in ways fraught with tensions between peace AND violence? Becoming-Canadian is an event that unfolds through reading, reading the world, and self. As sense emerges, how might the collision of worldviews around experiences of peace AND violence create encounters that potentially disrupt? How are students, teachers, and even the concepts of “Canadian” and “peace” transformed? I posit rhizocurriculum as a way to account for the affective and transformative powers of multiple literacies in language learning and to view adult immigrant language classrooms as sites of experimentation.

This research explores literacy as a medium for deepening student's awareness of their world and the impact of the Ontario Secondary School Literacy Test (OSSLT). Standardized testing is analyzed as a fundamental paradigm to our school culture. Ethnography is explored as a method for describing one group of students and their teacher as they prepare for the OSSLT. The findings conclude that the test occupies time, dominates definitions of literacy and undermines student and teacher agency. The conclusion considers reasons for why we seem to accept a testing paradigm that may be a direct affront to democratic practice in schools.

abstract: This study follows three secondary teachers as they facilitate a digital storytelling project with their students for the first time. All three teachers were not specifically trained in digital storytelling in order to investigate what happens when a digital storytelling novice tries to do a project like this with his or her students. The study follows two high school English teachers and one middle school math teacher. Each teacher's experience is shared in a case study, and all three case studies are compared and contrasted in a cross-case analysis. There is a discussion of the types of projects the teachers conducted and any challenges they faced. Strategies to overcome the challenges are also included. A variety of assessment rubrics are included in the appendix. In the review of literature, the history of digital storytelling is illuminated, as are historical concepts of literacy. There is also an exploration of twenty-first century skills including multiliteracies such as media and technology literacy. Both the teachers and their students offer suggestions to future teachers taking on digital storytelling projects. The dissertation ends with a discussion of future scholarship in educational uses of digital storytelling. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Curriculum and Instruction 2011

LIMA, Beatriz Furtado Alencar. Múltiplos letramentos de pessoas com deficiência visual: uma pesquisa discursiva de caráter etnográfico. 2015. 362f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2015. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-11T17:34:49Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_bfalima.pdf: 3253943 bytes, checksum: fec724a5e2eb6c34bfeaae38aeca1ab2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-14T14:42:00Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_bfalima.pdf: 3253943 bytes, checksum: fec724a5e2eb6c34bfeaae38aeca1ab2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-14T14:42:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2015_tese_bfalima.pdf: 3253943 bytes, checksum: fec724a5e2eb6c34bfeaae38aeca1ab2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015 / This thesis investigates the discourses, literacies and identities of people with visual impairments (DV)’s through a discursive, critic, ethnographic research. The theoretical background for this study is derived from the relations between the Social Discourse Theory - Chouliaraki and Fairclough (1999) and Fairclogh (2001, 2003, 2010, 2012), the Social Literacy Theory - Barton and Hamilton (1998), Rios (2009), and Street (1984), and the Social Model of Disability - Diniz (2012), and Martins (2006). The main research question was: How do visually impaired people understand their literacies and what positions do they take up about them and how are their literacies configured in the practices in which they are involved? An ethnographic methodology was adopted, resulting in a written corpus consisting of 42 field diaries, 22 interview transcripts and 31 participant diaries. Ten blind people participated in the construction of the corpus. The data were then analysed, and it was concluded that the scope of the literacies of the people investigated is not limited to interaction with the computer or the Braille system; in addition to that, the existence of other means, modes and body activities that are part of the interactions among the visually impaired and the reading and writing artefacts was observed. In these interactions, the presence of what is called in this thesis of dominant body-discursive centralities was also observed, which have been keeping the social practices of blind people under covert colonization. These results allow us to conclude that, within the reality of multiple literacies in which the participants are inserted, the body-discursive dominant centralities manifest themselves through a vision-centric order of discourse in the representations by visually impaired people of the literacies in which they are involved. Based on this conclusion, we propose a transdisciplinary dialogue between the metaphor of ecology of literacies by Barton (1994) and the ecology of recognition present in the sociology of absences by Santos (2002) as an opposition that can lead to the emergence of the literacies still silenced and/or deleted from the visually impaired people in their multiple social practices. / Esta tese estuda os discursos, os letramentos e as identidades das pessoas com deficiência visual (DV), no contexto de uma pesquisa discursiva crítica de caráter etnográfico. O alicerce teórico no qual este estudo se fundamenta procede da conjuntura teórica elaborada a partir das relações entre a Teoria Social do Discurso – Chouliaraki e Fairclough (1999) e Fairclogh (2001, 2003, 2010, 2012) – a Teoria Social do Letramento – Barton e Hamilton (1998), Rios (2009) e Street (1984) – e o Modelo Social de Deficiência – Diniz (2012) e Martins (2006). Com base nisso, a questão norteadora da pesquisa foi “como as pessoas com DV entendem e posicionam-se sobre seus letramentos e como estes se configuram nas práticas em que estão situadas?”. A operacionalização dessa questão e do objetivo se deu por meio de uma metodologia de natureza etnográfica, através da qual se chegou a um corpus escrito constituído por 42 diários de campo, 22 transcrições de entrevistas e 31 diários de participantes. O corpus constituiu-se e construiu-se com a participação de dez pessoas cegas. À luz dessa metodologia, procedeu-se ao exercício de análise dos dados, o qual permitiu chegar ao resultado de que a realidade de letramentos das pessoas investigadas não se restringe à interação com o computador ou com o sistema Braille; além desses, foram observados outros meios, modos e atividades corporais que fazem parte das interações entre as pessoas com deficiência visual e os artefatos de leitura e escrita. Nessas interações, observou-se a existência do que se denominou na tese de centralidades corpóreo-discursivas dominantes, as quais têm mantido sob colonização velada as práticas sociais das pessoas cegas. Esses resultados autorizam concluir que, dentro da realidade de múltiplos letramentos em que se situam os/as participantes, as centralidades corpóreo-discursivas dominantes manifestam-se por meio de uma ordem visiocêntrica do discurso, nas representações das pessoas com deficiência visuais a respeito dos letramentos em que se encontram situadas. Com base nessa conclusão, propõe-se um diálogo transdisciplinar entre a metáfora da ecologia dos letramentos de Barton (1994) e a ecologia dos reconhecimentos presente na sociologia das ausências de Santos (2002), como uma contraposição que pode conduzir à emergência os letramentos ainda silenciados e/ou apagados das pessoas com deficiência visual em suas múltiplas práticas sociais.

LIMA, Samuel de Carvalho. Letramentos e atividades on-line em Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem. 2009. 126f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2009. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-21T14:08:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_sclima.pdf: 4494639 bytes, checksum: 99aecd4f76b668ace3ac9177ee96ea40 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-21T16:16:57Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_sclima.pdf: 4494639 bytes, checksum: 99aecd4f76b668ace3ac9177ee96ea40 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-21T16:16:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_sclima.pdf: 4494639 bytes, checksum: 99aecd4f76b668ace3ac9177ee96ea40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / This thesis aims to analyze the relations between literacies and online activities present in Virtual Learning Environment (VLE). The implementation of this proposal was based on reflections about the literacies submitted by Shetzer and Warschauer (2000), Soares (2002), Xavier (2005), Araújo (2007), Fischer (2007) and Ribeiro (2008). Located in the qualitative paradigm, with predominantly descriptive marks, our analysis suggested the categorization of online activities present in the courses Língua Inglesa II – A: Compreensão e Produção Oral e Leitura e Produção de Textos Acadêmicos updated at VLE Solar, from Universidade Federal do Ceará, and the description of literacy practices in virtual environments mediated, potentially, by the guidelines of the online activities proposed. The parameters considered for the analysis came from the summarization of Shetzer and Warschauer’s theoretical elaboration (2000), which lead us to the following dimensions of digital literacy: communication, construction and research. The data prompted the formation of an online activity typology, based on the literacy types demanded by them, namely: online activities strange to the potential of the web; online activities mediating the familiarization of the potential of the web; online activities mediating literacies for communication; and online activities mediating literacies for construction and research. The results of this analysis allowed the description of the literacy practices that are currently being privileged in this context, linking the type of online activity to the literacy practices that are potentially mediated by them and to the dimensions of digital literacy, according to Shetzer and Warschauer (2000). It follows that there is a need for technological formation for the language professional, because this way there will be the offering of online activities that addresses to the most diverse, or even countless, literacy practices in virtual environments. / Esta dissertação objetiva analisar as relações entre letramentos e atividades on-line presentes em Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVA). A execução desta proposta baseou-se nas reflexões acerca dos letramentos apresentadas por Shetzer e Warschauer (2000), Soares (2002), Xavier (2005), Araújo (2007), Fischer (2007) e Ribeiro (2008). Situada no paradigma das pesquisas qualitativas, de cunho predominantemente descritivo e exploratório, nossa análise propôs a categorização das atividades on-line presentes nas disciplinas Língua Inglesa II – A: Compreensão e Produção Oral e Leitura e Produção de Textos Acadêmicos, atualizadas no AVA Solar, da Universidade Federal do Ceará, e a descrição das práticas de letramentos em ambientes virtuais mediadas, em potencial, pelas orientações das atividades on-line propostas. Os parâmetros considerados para a análise foram oriundos da sumarização da elaboração teórica dos autores Shetzer e Warschauer (2000), o que nos levou às seguintes dimensões do letramento digital: comunicação, construção e pesquisa. O tratamento dos dados suscitou a formação de uma tipologia das atividades on-line, baseadas nos tipos de letramentos demandados por elas, a saber: atividades on-line alheias às potencialidades da web; atividades on-line mediadoras da familiarização com as potencialidades da web; atividades on-line mediadoras de letramentos para a comunicação; e atividades on-line mediadoras de letramentos para a construção e pesquisa. Os resultados dessa análise possibilitaram a descrição das práticas de letramentos que atualmente estão sendo privilegiadas neste contexto, vinculando o tipo de atividade on-line encontrada às práticas de letramentos que são potencialmente mediadas por essas e às dimensões do letramento digital, segundo Shetzer e Warschauer (2000). Como conclusão, verificou-se a necessidade de formação tecnológica para o profissional da linguagem, pois só assim poderá haver o oferecimento de atividades on-line que contemplem as mais diversas, senão inúmeras, práticas de letramentos em ambientes virtuais.

PINHEIRO, Regina Cláudia. Leitura de hipertexto: estratégias metacognitivas usadas por leitores proficientes. 2005. 144f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2005. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-19T14:22:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_rcpinheiro.pdf: 1246477 bytes, checksum: dd0a237af7408b66cf3a3995a36e3724 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-08-19T16:41:37Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_rcpinheiro.pdf: 1246477 bytes, checksum: dd0a237af7408b66cf3a3995a36e3724 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-19T16:41:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2005_dis_rcpinheiro.pdf: 1246477 bytes, checksum: dd0a237af7408b66cf3a3995a36e3724 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / This thesis aims to redefine the concept of hypertextual literacy, coined by Bolter (1998), since this does not include the current social practices mediated by hypertext. The theoretical basis supporting this academic enterprise proceeds mainly Bolter (1998), Semali (2001), Soares (2002), Cavalcante Jr. (2003), Street (2003), Martin (2008), Barton (2009), Lemke (2010) and Pinheiro; Araújo (2012). The methodology which made feasible the aforementioned goal was the case study of the online pedagogical materials designed for undergraduate distance learning courses provided by Federal University of Ceará (UFC – Universidade Federal do Ceará) in partnership with Open University of Brazil (UAB – Universidade Aberta do Brasil). The subjects who participated in the research were the professors responsible for the discipline organization and for designing the curricular contents available for access on the Online Learning Environment (AVA – Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem) of Virtual UFC Institute, and team of professors, a part of the group responsible for the hypertextualisation process, whose work is to do the didactic transition. The instruments and techniques used to build the data were: (i) semi-structured interviews with the subjects, (ii) observing the development of materials by professors through a software that record all the operations on screen and the surrounding sounds, allowing professors to perform a verbal protocol, and (iii) monitoring the work of the group of didactic transition by means of a journal in which I’ve made notes about this moment. Furthermore, I analyzed the material produced in its three versions: the initial version designed by professors, then the one designed by the group of didactic transition, and the final version available on the online environment. The analysis leads to conclude that literacy practices developed by the subjects can be categorized into traditional, oral, visual, technological, communicational and informational, which are interrelated, and one or the other can stand out. Thus, we define the concept of hypertextual literacy as social practices mediated by hypertext, through which one can identify different types of literacies that jointly create the meaning. / Esta tese tem o objetivo de redefinir o conceito de letramento hipertextual, cunhado por Bolter (1998), visto que este não contempla mais as atuais práticas sociais mediadas por hipertexto. A base teórica que sustenta esta investigação acadêmica procede, principalmente, de Bolter (1998), Semali (2001), Soares (2002), Cavalcante Jr. (2003), Street (2003), Martin (2008), Barton (2009), Lemke (2010) e Pinheiro; Araújo (2012). A metodologia que tornou exequível o referido objetivo foi um estudo de caso sobre produção de material didático on-line que se destinava a cursos de graduação a distância da Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC) em parceria com a Universidade Aberta do Brasil (UAB). Os sujeitos que participaram da pesquisa foram três professores conteudistas, responsáveis pelas disciplinas e pela elaboração do conteúdo didático que fica disponibilizado no Ambiente Virtual de Aprendizagem (AVA) da UFC Virtual, e dois membros equipe de transição didática, uma das responsáveis pela hipertextualização do material. Os instrumentos e técnicas utilizados para construção dos dados foram: (i) entrevista semiestruturada com os sujeitos, (ii) acompanhamento da elaboração por parte dos professores, através da instalação de um programa no computador dos docentes que filma a tela com todos os seus movimentos e permite a gravação de voz, o que possibilitou que o professor realizasse uma espécie de protocolo verbal, e (iii) acompanhamento presencial do trabalho da equipe de transição didática, realizado por meio de um diário de bordo no qual fiz anotações sobre esse momento. Além disso, analisei o material elaborado em suas três versões: a elaboração do professor, a versão da equipe de transição didática e a versão final do material no ambiente web. A análise permite a conclusão de que os letramentos praticados pelos sujeitos da pesquisa podem ser categorizados em centrado na escrita, oral, visual, tecnológico, comunicacional e informacional, os quais se inter-relacionam e um ou outro pode se sobressair. Sendo assim, o conceito de letramento hipertextual a que chegamos se configura como práticas sociais mediadas por hipertexto, através das quais se pode identificar diversos tipos de letramentos que se harmonizam para a significação de sentidos.

abstract: Most new first-year composition (FYC) students already have a great deal of writing experience. Much of this experience comes from writing in digital spaces, such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest. This type of writing is often invisible to students: they may not consider it to be writing at all. This dissertation seeks to better understand the actual connections between writing in online spaces and writing in FYC, to see the connections students see between these types of writing, and to work toward a theory for making use of those connections in the FYC classroom. The following interconnected articles focus specifically on Facebook--the largest and most ubiquitous social network site (SNS)-- as a means to better understand students' digital literacy practices. Initial data was gathered through a large-scale survey of FYC students about their Facebook use and how they saw that use as connected to composition and writing. Chapter 1 uses the data to suggest that FYC students are not likely to see a connection between Facebook and FYC but that such a connection exists. The second chapter uses the same data to demonstrate that men and women are approaching Facebook slightly differently and to explore what that may mean for FYC teachers. The third chapter uses 10 one-on-one interviews with FYC students to further explore Facebook literacies. The interviews suggest that the literacy of Facebook is actually quite complex and includes many modes of communication in addition to writing, such as pictures, links, and "likes." The final chapter explores the issue of transfer. While transfer is popular in composition literature, studies tend to focus on forward-reading and not backward-reaching transfer. This final chapter stresses the importance of this type of transfer, especially when looking back at digital literacy knowledge that students have gained through writing online. While these articles are intended as stand-alone pieces, together they demonstrate the complex nature of literacies on Facebook, how they connection to FYC, and how FYC teachers may use them in their classrooms. They serve as a starting off point for discussions of effective integration of digital literacies into composition pedagogies. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation English 2014