The main problem of this research was to discover if children's picture books over the last fifty years have depicted rural values more significantly than urban values. One-hundred and one children's picture books were systematically chosen for analysis. This study takes an overall view of the history of children's literature. Also included is a review of the current studies and literature most germain to this study. Content analysis was used as the technique of data analysis, A descriptive analysis of the sample is also given. The study supports the main hypothesis that rural set, tings and rural values do occur more often than non-rural settings and urban values in children's picture books.

Ao lado de Ulises Lima, Arturo Belano protagoniza o romance Los detectives salvajes (1998), do escritor chileno Roberto Bolaño. A trajetória de Belano, que ultrapassa essa obra, e desembarca com semelhante força e espaço no romance Amuleto (1999), confunde-se propositalmente com a biografia do autor. Configura-se na construção desse personagem a clássica figura do alter ego, aqui servindo ao escritor como instrumento de revisão da própria história e de sua relação com a vida política e literária de uma América Latina em ebulição na década de 1970. A referida relação é, como este trabalho pretende demonstrar, utópica. Essa utopia, ao frustrar-se no exercício da política propriamente dita, migra para o campo literário, convertendo a poesia em horizonte, o único possível. / Beside Ulises Lima, Artur Belano stars Los detectives salvajes (1998), a novel written by the Chilean author Roberto Bolaño. Belanos journey, which surpasses the book and reaches, with similar strength and space, the novel Amuleto (1999), is intentionally merged with the authors biography. The construction of this character makes use of the classical concept of the alter ego, which is, in this case, the writers instrument for revising his own history and his relationship with the political and literary life of a booming Latin America in the 1970s. As this present work intends to show, the mentioned relationship is utopian. This utopia, when frustated in the political activity itself, moves to the literary field, turning poetry into the horizon, the only one possible.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Arts, 1988.

O romance Nocturno de Chile, do escritor chileno Roberto Bolaño, insere-se no diálogo sobre as representações literárias da violência política na América Latina, contribuindo para um esforço de revitalização desse tipo de abordagem. Está dada na obra uma re-elaboração do discurso histórico, re-elaboração essa que se amplia e realiza também uma revisão do cânone literário estabelecido no continente. Dessa forma interessa a este trabalho analisar, compreender e discutir o modo como o autor arquiteta essas instâncias que se cruzam e se fundem no interior da obra, construindo-a. O esforço por compreender o trabalho de Bolaño não traz em si a pretensão de elucidá-lo de modo definitivo, mas a ideia de freqüentá-lo propondo um diálogo com o autor. Ao nos aproximar deste universo la partir de um ângulo distinto lançamos uma mirada crítica sobre a América Latina dos anos 1970. Nesse momento parece emergir com força o importante papel que tem a literatura, não para registrar denúncias ou oferecer respostas, mas dizer aquilo que os documentos não alcançam. / The novel Nocturno de Chile by the Chilean writer Roberto Bolaño, takes part in the dialog about literary representation of politic violence in Latin America, and contributes to a revitalization effort for this kind of approach. The book offers a re-elaboration of historic discourse. A re-elaboration which amplifies and also reviews the literary canon established in America. This is why its interesting to analyze, understand and discuss the way the author elaborates those matters that meet and join each other in the plot, to build it up. Our effort to comprehend Bolaños working doesnt intend to elucidate him definitively, but to establish a dialog with the writer. By approaching to this authors universe through a distinct angle, we can critically observe Latin America in the 1970s. In present days, a new important role for Literature seems to emerge, not in order to point out or answer anything, but to tell what historic documents dont seem to be able to reach.

A presente dissertação tem por objetivo estudar a obra Ninguém matou Suhura da escritora Lília Momplé, analisando as questões em torno da opressão estabelecida pelo regime colonialista português em Moçambique. Para tanto, três eixos centrais nortearam a análise crítica desenvolvida, a saber, um primeiro eixo que se organiza em torno da força de trabalho; um segundo eixo voltado para uma falsa organização de um projeto educacional para o país; e, um terceiro, que diz respeito às relações dialéticas estabelecidas entre as personagens em seus diferentes segmentos sociais. / This thesis aims to study the work Ninguém matou Suhura of Lília Momplé writer, examining issues around the oppression established by the Portuguese colonial regime in Mozambique. For this, three central axes guided the developed critical analysis, namely a first axis that is organized around the work force; a second axis facing a false organization of an educational project for the country; and a third, which relates to the dialectical relations between the characters in their different social segments.

O nome de Walter Scott é repetidamente mencionado na obra de Balzac, sobretudo em seus textos críticos. Esta dissertação visa expor, para além da admiração patente do escritor, a penetração analítica de Balzac acerca do romance scottiano, o que lhe sugeriu um fundamento essencial para a formulação de sua Comédia Humana. Tendo como objeto de estudo a leitura dos textos críticos de Walter Scott e Balzac - seus prefácios principalmente -, procuramos demonstrar como o uso da História pelo romance tornou-se o elemento fundamental na aproximação entre os autores. Nossa intenção é deslindar, na fatura do romance, como se articula o entrecruzamento entre História e literatura. / Walter Scotts name is repeatedly mentioned in the works of Balzac, mostly in his critical writings. This dissertation aims to show, beyond the writers patent admiration, Balzacs penetrating criticism of the Scottian novel which disclosed to him a sound basis for the composition of his Comédie Humaine. Having Scotts and Balzacs critical writings as our object of study mainly their prefaces - we intend to demonstrate how the incorporation of History by the novel became the essential element in this comparative study of the two writers. Our purpose is to elucidate how this intersection between history and literature is articulated in the narrative.

Au XIXe siècle, les représentations de la prison par la littérature sont nombreuses. Études de mœurs et tableaux parisiens explorent l’univers carcéral, et un certain nombre de romans racontent des épisodes d’emprisonnement (Sue, Les Mystères de Paris, Balzac, Splendeurs et misères des courtisanes, Goncourt, La Fille Élisa). La fascination que suscite la prison dépasse largement la seule communauté des hommes de lettres : enquêteurs, hygiénistes, théoriciens du système pénal, s’emparent aussi de cette question. Le XIXe siècle constitue dans l’historiographie contemporaine un moment déterminant de l’histoire pénale. La prison, depuis la Révolution, est perçue comme la clef de voûte d’un nouveau système de sanction. Cette étude, qui privilégie le regard extérieur sur la prison – celui de l’homme qui n’y est pas enfermé – et le récit à la troisième personne pour les fictions romanesques, s’intéresse aux représentations littéraires de la prison à la lumière de cette mutation historique. Tissant des liens avec les domaines du savoir qui accompagnent l’avènement de la prison pénale, la littérature prend une part importante au discours social qui représente, autant qu’il la construit, la modernité carcérale. De ce discours, le lecteur ne pourra manquer de relever les ambivalences et les contradictions. Roman d’aventures et roman de mœurs sentimental, roman de l’enquête sociale et roman édifiant, roman réaliste et roman naturaliste seront tour à tour explorés pour témoigner de la diversité des figurations. Les implications politiques et morales, esthétiques et poétiques de la représentation par la fiction de l’expérience de l’incarcération constituent un enjeu majeur de cette thèse. / In the 19th century, there were many representations of the prison in literature. Studies of customs and parisian paintings explore the prison and novels describe scenes of imprisonment (Sue, Les Mystères de Paris, Balzac, Splendeurs et misères des courtisanes, La Fille Élisa). The fascination of prisons achieved popularity well beyond literary people : investigators, hygienists, theorists of the penal system, also questioned the issue of imprisonment. Contemporary historiographical views see the 19th century as a pivotal moment in penal history. Since the Revolution, the prison has been perceived as being the corner stone of a new system of punishment. In light of this historical change, this study analyses the literary representations of prisons from an outside point of view, the view of someone who is not imprisoned, and, the narrative using the third person in novels. Forging links with the areas of knowledge that accompagny the introduction of criminal prison, literature plays an important part in the social narrative that represents the modernity of prison life. In this seminar, the reader will not fail to recognize the ambivalences and contradictions. Novels of adventure and romance, social commentaries and moralistic novels, works of realism and of naturalism will all in turn be explored to reflect the diversity of representations. The political and moral implications, but also aesthetic and poetic figuration by the fiction of the experience of incarceration, are a major challenge of this study.

by Maggy Chan Mei Lan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 171-182). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Historical Background --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1: --- Whimsical Garden: A short Visit to the Realm of Children's Literature in the West / Chapter 2.2: --- Rejuvenated Roses: The Growth of Hong Kong Children's Literature and Its Tinge of Local Colors / Chapter 2.3: --- Magic Wand to the Future: Subversive Children's Literature / Chapter Chapter Three --- Undressing the Dressed: To Overturn Traditional Modes of Adornment --- p.68 / Chapter Chapter Four --- "If Adults Are Not Always Right, Who Is?" --- p.93 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Inverted Chalkboard: School of Subversion --- p.121 / Chapter Chapter Six --- Conclusion: A New Chapter --- p.140 / Appendix I´ؤBiographical Notes on Some HK Children's Writers --- p.147 / Appendix II´ؤNewspaper cuttings --- p.149 / Works Cited --- p.171

This thesis examines the work of antiquary and scholar Joseph Ritson (1752-1803) in publishing significant and influential collections of early English and Scottish literature, including the first collection of medieval romance, by going beyond the biographical approaches to Ritson's work typical of nineteenth- and twentieth-century accounts, incorporating an analysis of Ritson's contributions to specific fields into a study of the context which made his work possible. It makes use of the 'Register of Manuscripts Sent to the Reading Room of the British Museum' to shed new light on Ritson's use of the manuscript collections of the British Museum. The thesis argues that Ritson's early polemic attacks on Thomas Warton, Thomas Percy, and the editors of Shakespeare allowed Ritson to establish his own claims to expertise and authority, built upon the research he had already undertaken in the British Museum and other public and private collections. Through his publications, Ritson experimented with different strategies for organizing, systematizing, interpreting and presenting his research, constructing very different collections for different kinds of texts, and different kinds of readers. A comparison of Ritson's three major collections of songs - A Select Collection of English Songs (1783), Ancient Songs (1790), and Scotish Songs (1794) - demonstrates some of the consequences of his decisions, particularly the distinction made between English and Scottish material. Although Ritson's Robin Hood (1795) is the most frequently reprinted of his collections, and one of the best studied, approaching this work within the immediate context of Ritson's research and other publications, rather than its later reception, offers some explanation for its more idiosyncratic features. Finally, Ritson's Ancient Engleish Metrical Romance's (1802) provides a striking example of Ritson's participation in collaborative networks and the difficulty of finding an audience and a market for editions of early English literature at the beginning of the nineteenth century.

Orientadora: Andrea Lúcia Dorini de Oliveira Carvalho Rossi / Banca: Lourdes Madalena Gazarini Conde Feitosa / Banca: Semiramis Corsi da Silva / Resumo: Neste trabalho são analisadas as representações das relações de gênero na obra de literatura satírica Metamorfoses do autor romano-africano Apuleio. O livro é considerado a obra da maturidade deste autor, que viveu no século II d.C. Entender como essas relações têm sido estudadas na historiografia e nas Ciências Humanas, bem como compreender como esse tipo de literatura vem sendo analisada pela historiografia especializada são também aspectos de grande importância do presente estudo. Nesta pesquisa de caráter histórico, é levado em conta a origem e a condição social do autor, pois se trata de uma província do Império Romano. A história fantástica se trata de uma narrativa em que um homem, através do mal-uso de práticas mágicas, acaba por se transformar em um asno. Mesmo assim, a obra literária pode ser um instrumento de grande importância no estudo das relações sociais no universo da Antiguidade, pois carrega indícios que permitem a interpretação de aspectos da sociedade representados pela visão de um autor da aristocracia provinciana. São desenvolvidas discussões historiográficas e estudos de caso de passagens selecionadas à luz da teoria de gênero, baseadas na leitura da historiadora Joan Scott, para se investigar as formas de construção dessas relações. Por fim, é analisado a questão das representações presentes na narrativa, que usa o exagero e a maximização de características consideradas próprias do gênero feminino para compor uma crítica, ao passo que são apresentadas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In this work the representations of the gender relations in the book of satiric literature Metamorphoses of the Roman-African author, Apuleius, are analyzed. This book is considered the work of the maturity of the author, who lived in the second century AD. Understanding how these relationships have been studied in historiography and Human Sciences, as well as understanding how this type of literature has been analyzed by specialized historiography are also aspects of great importance of the present study. In this research of historical character, is considered important the origin and the social condition of the author, since it is a province of the Roman Empire. The fantastic story is about a narrative in which a man, through the misuse of magical practices, turns out to be an ass. Even so, the literary work can be an instrument of great importance in the study of social relations in the universe of Antiquity, because it carries indications that allow the interpretation of aspects of the society represented by the vision of an author of the provincial aristocracy. Historiographical discussions and case studies of selected passages are developed in the light of the gender theory, based on the reading of the historian Joan Scott, to investigate the forms of construction of these relations. Finally, the question of the representations present in the narrative is analyzed, which uses the exaggeration and the maximization of characteristics considered as belonging to the feminine gender to compose a critique, while the models of behavior... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre