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1	An Examination of the Evaluation Model of the ¡§living road nets transportation construction¡¨ With the Commencement of sustainable development Wu, Jui-an 27 August 2005 (has links) A complete road transport system is an essential requirement of regional development. In response to changes in the overall environment, the selection of a road transport system must take into account protection of the ecosystem, social development, public awareness, economic benefit, and the financial burden placed on various levels of government. Further, since the construction of a road transport system is closely related to the rate of regional development, the selection of a road construction network and the sequence in which plans are implemented necessarily have far-reaching effects on urban development. In 2002, the Construction and Planning Agency, Ministry of the Interior (CPAMI) promulgated the ¡§living road nets transportation construction,¡¨ revised the study of mechanisms, proposed an evaluation model, and subsequently established an examination and coordination team. In fiscal 2003 and 2004, projects were selected based on the evaluation model and the plan was implemented. Looking back at the results, it has been discovered that implementation by public agencies has dealt primarily with budget implementation. An assessment of the project schedule has revealed that it does not reflect local needs. Thus, this paper employs the original evaluation model to look at revision and develop an evaluation model for objectively establishing priority in the implementation of road projects in an attempt to achieve an optimal implementation procedure that both meets local needs and achieves optimal effects. It is intended for reference by public agencies in decision making when promoting road construction. The research referred the CPAMI ¡§living road nets transportation construction,¡¨ revised the study of mechanisms, by collecting the relativity articles and discussion, using the method of Analytic Hierarchy Process proposed an evaluation model. Finally, compared with three project of ¡§Tainan living road nets transportation construction, 1¡¦st modified plain¡¨ by the two evaluation model. There¡¦s fund that the research¡¦s evaluation model is can be reflection the really condition of necessary. By the concrete evidence; the right of ¡§strengthen the transportation functions & services ability of cities¡¨ and ¡§arise the accessible, equilibrium the development of living area road system¡¨ is 0.106, &0.095, is the highest scored of all the 15 targets. There is corresponding to the characteristics of ¡§the accessible and services ability of region area is the important index of evaluated city¡¦s transportation¡¨. The right of ¡§cooperate the environment¡¦s sustainable developments¡¨ is 0.254; it¡¦s the 3rd important of the 4 object. Observed from difference region of specialists; the right of scholiasts is obviously higher than other¡¦s. So, there¡¦s a drop in evaluation between researching units and excusing units about sustainable development. At last, by compared with three project of living road nets transportation construction, there¡¦s a result; the score of ¡§raising the excusing of living road nets transportation construction¡¨ have no difference, but the score of ¡§cooperate the environment¡¦s sustainable developments¡¨ have much difference. It indicates that ¡§Under the prevailing trend of thought of sustainable development, the cost of economics wasn¡¦t the main consideration of transportation construction, the cities construction is pay much attention to environment & social cost¡¨. Analytic Hierarchy Process sustainable development
2	Påbyggnad av bostäder på tak i Stockholm City : En möjlighet för att göra Stockholm City till en funktionsblandad och mer levande stadsdel / Extension of residential buildings on rooftops in Stockholm City : A proposition to convert Stockholm City into an urban living Abrahamsson, Nora, Söderström, Fanny January 2018 (has links) I dagsläget består Stockholm city mestadels av kontor och handel vilket innebär att det blir folktomt kvällstid. För att göra innerstaden mer levande behövs en stadsdel med blandade funktioner där människor rör sig samt både bor och arbetar. Den grundfunktion som i dagsläget saknas i denna del av Stockholm är bostäder. Ett problem med att förse City med fler bostäder är dock tillgång till markyta då området redan är så pass exploaterat. I arbetet undersöks det om City kan göras till en funktionsblandad och mer levande stadsdel genom att förse området med fler bostäder. Med anledning av den begränsade tillgången till markyta i stadsdelen undersöks alternativet att bygga bostäder på befintliga byggnader. Arbetet visar ett förslag för påbyggnad av bostäder på tak i City samt undersöker förutsättningarna för detta. Påbyggnaden görs på en befintlig byggnad och ska genom sin utformning spegla en god boendemiljö samt samspela med den omgivande bebyggelsen. Förslaget omfattar ett taklandskap med bostäder i form av parhus och utevistelseytor. Att föra in fler bostäder genom påbyggnation av befintlig bebyggelse i City är en lämplig och generellt tillämpbar lösning med anledning av stadsdelens och bebyggelsens förutsättningar. / Stockholm City is currently well composed in the aspect of commercial and public service. A consequence to this is a desolated City during the late night. A requirement to accomplish a more living inner city is a satisfying combination of functions whereas people are in motion between the home, work and other social activities. The main function missing today in City is habitats. A problem with supplying more accommodations in City is however the limited asset of ground area due to exploitation. In this thesis research is made whether it is possible to transform City into a mixed-function and thereby urban living area. With reference to the limited asset of ground area aswell as the opportunity to preserve the existing qualities that occupy these areas, a research is conducted for the purpose of more residential buildings with the method of expansion of existing buildings. The result of this thesis is a proposition for residential buildings on roof tops in City and the requirements for such project are being analyzed. The additional building is added to a specific building and by its shaping reflects a good residential environment and a design appropriate to the surrounding built-up area. The proposal consists of a rooftop landscape with eight pairs of houses. To insert accommodations throughout expansion of existing buildings generally is applicable in City and therefore an adequate solution to the problem considering the problems in the area. Expansion of existing buildings Built-on structures Urban living area Mixed-functions Bostäder på tak Påbyggnad Stockholm City Blandade funktioner Funktionsblandning Taklandskap Building Technologies Husbyggnad
3	Hur stort får vi bo? : Klimatpåverkan per person i Sverige / How big living area can we allow? : Climate impact per person in Sweden Lindqvist, Anna, Wolf, Michaela January 2019 (has links) Purpose: The world is supposed to aim for a maximal global warming of 1,5 degrees Celsius which means an ecological footprint of 1,3-ton CO2e/person, year. How much does a sustainable living situation affect the living area per person? With the help of a typical Swedish house and a lifecycle analysis the living area is put in relation to the 1,5-degree aim. The purpose of this report is to investigate how the fulfilling of the 1,5-degree aim will affect the living area per person. Method: The research approach in the report is quantitative were a meta study and a case study compose the research strategy. The data collecting methods are a literature study and a document analysis. Lastly the report uses calculations and lifecycle analysis for analyzing and compiling the results. Findings: The goal value for the facility sector should come down to 0.3217ton CO2e/person, year. The typical-house uses 0,6637 ton CO2e/person, year. The results show an unsustainable situation from today’s living situation. It would take between eight to twelve people in the typical house to reach the goal value for the facility sector. Conclusion and recommendations: <li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="39" data-aria-posinset="1" data-aria-level="1">Individuals cannot understand their own effect of their living situation when it is measured in CO2e/square meter. Lifecycle analysis, energy-declarations and other things relevant for the living situation should be measured per person who uses the space to give perspective on the climate impact. <li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="39" data-aria-posinset="2" data-aria-level="1">A tangible goal value for a sector is extremely hard to define and mostly up to the contemplators’ value and logic. The breakdown of the sectors needs to become clearer and more consequent for a better possibility to compare. <li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="39" data-aria-posinset="3" data-aria-level="1">We got knowledge from Birkved, Brejnrod, Kalbar och Petersens (2017) report of how both the construction and consumption stages needs to change and how that isn’t nearly enough. Clearer instruments towards electricity from solar-, wind- and hydro power for real estate owners in all sizes is a recommendation. <li data-leveltext="" data-font="Symbol" data-listid="39" data-aria-posinset="4" data-aria-level="1">It is clear how both individuals and companies need to open their eyes for what it is going to take and how far it is to reach a sustainable situation. Which means that politics need to take a much harder grip on the situation. Such as the demand on the environment declaration should have a maximum value. Limitations: The lifecycle analysis has missing parts of the transport stage and the entire production stage. PRINCE’s version of how to divide the sectors is from 2014 but uses numbers from 2016 over Sweden’s total CO2e emissions. The facility sector contains more categories than what is taken into account in the lifecycle analysis / Syfte: Världen ska eftersträva en maximal global uppvärmning på 1,5 grad och därmed ett maximalt ekologiskt fotavtryck på 1,3 ton CO2e/person, år. Hur mycket påverkas boarean per person om man vill ha ett hållbart boende? Med hjälp av ett svenskt typhus och en livscykelanalysberäkning sätts boarean i relation till 1,5-gradsmålet. Examensarbetets syfte är att undersöka hur uppfyllandet av 1,5-gradsmålet påverkar boarean per person. Metod: Rapporten kommer genomföras med en kvantitativ forskningsansats där en metastudie och fallstudie utgör forskningsstrategin. Till dem används datainsamlingsmetoderna litteraturstudie och dokumentanalys. Slutligen sker bearbetning och dataanalys med hjälp av beräkningar och en livscykelanalys för att kunna sammanställa och jämföra resultat. Resultat: Målvärdet för boendesektorn bör komma ner till 0,3217 ton CO2e/person, år. Typhuset gör av med 0,6637 ton CO2e/person, år. Resultatet visar på en ohållbar situation utifrån dagens boendeförhållande. För att nå målet idag skulle det krävas att det bodde mellan åtta och tolv personer i det svenska nybyggda typhuset. Slutsats och rekommendationer: <li data-leveltext="%1." data-font="" data-listid="47" data-aria-posinset="1" data-aria-level="1">En individ kan inte förestå sin påverkan av sitt boende då det mäts i CO2e/kvm. Livscykelanalyser, energideklarationer och andra relevanta saker för boendet bör mätas per person som nyttjar ytan för att kunna ge perspektiv på klimatpåverkan. <li data-leveltext="%1." data-font="" data-listid="47" data-aria-posinset="2" data-aria-level="1">Ett konkret målvärde för en sektor är extremt svårdefinierat. Sektorernas indelningar skulle behöva bli tydligare och mer konsekventa för bättre jämförelsemöjligheter. <li data-leveltext="%1." data-font="" data-listid="47" data-aria-posinset="3" data-aria-level="1">Från bland annat Birkved, Brejnrod, Kalbar och Petersens (2017) rapport blev vi upplysta om hur både byggkonstruktion och drift behöver förändras men att det inte är tillräckligt. Hårdare styrmedel för el från sol-, vind- och vattenkraft för fastighetsägare av alla storlekar är en rekommendation. <li data-leveltext="%1." data-font="" data-listid="47" data-aria-posinset="4" data-aria-level="1">Det är tydligt hur både individer och företag behöver få upp ögonen för vad som krävs och hur långt det är att nå dit. Vilket innebär att politiken behöver ta mycket hårdare tag. Exempelvis skulle kravet om en klimatdeklaration på skede A1-A3 också kunna innehålla ett maximalt värde. Begränsningar: Livscykelanalysen rymmer inte den del som innefattar transporter från bygg och installationsprocessen i transport (A4) och inget av bygg och installationsprocessen (A5). PRINCE:s sektorindelning över växthusgasutsläpp från 2014 används med siffror från Naturvårdsverket från 2016 över Sveriges totala CO2-utsläpp. Boendesektorn innefattar fler utsläppsområden än vad som ingår i en livscykelanalys. Building Technologies Husbyggnad Architectural Engineering Arkitekturteknik Miljöanalys och bygginformationsteknik Construction Management Byggproduktion
4	Aspectos ecológicos do cervo do-pantanal Blastocerus dichotomus (Illiger, 1815) (Mammalia: cervidae): animais reintroduzidos e ou nascidos na estação ecológica de jataí, nordeste do estado de São Paulo, município de Luís Antônio Perin, Marco Aurelio Alves 26 March 2010 (has links) Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-05-05T13:45:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marcoaurelioalvespereira.pdf: 7599008 bytes, checksum: 48e04292d562d8084f38167b184afde1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-17T13:39:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marcoaurelioalvespereira.pdf: 7599008 bytes, checksum: 48e04292d562d8084f38167b184afde1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-17T13:39:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marcoaurelioalvespereira.pdf: 7599008 bytes, checksum: 48e04292d562d8084f38167b184afde1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-03-26 / O cervo-do-pantanal (Blastocerus dichotomus) é um mamífero de grande porte, sendo considerado o maior cervídeo nativo da America do Sul. Esta espécie encontra-se extinta em 60% da sua área de distribuição histórica que compreendia as várzeas naturais dos grandes rios entre o sul do Amazonas e o norte da Argentina. Apesar de se encontrar ameaçado de extinção, pouco se sabe acerca dos aspectos ecológicos do cervo-do-pantanal. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo, busca investigar a sazonalidade no comportamento espacial desta espécie, como também analisar informações relacionadas à fidelidade de habitat e relações intra-específicas através da sobreposição de áreas núcleo. Para tanto o mesmo contém uma revisão introdutória e dois capítulos abordando os seguintes temas: 1- estudo comparativo para o efeito da sazonalidade entre animais reintroduzidos e ou nascidos na Estação Ecológica de Jataí (EEJ) e animais de população natural, localizados na bacia do rio Paraná; 2- relações espaciais através da sobreposição de áreas núcleo para animais reintroduzidos e ou nascidos na EEJ. Ao todo 39 cervos-do-pantanal marcados sendo 9 da área de reintrodução e 30 da área de população natural, contribuíram para as análises do presente trabalho. Os resultados revelam que ambas as populações estudadas tiveram áreas de vida maiores para machos do que para fêmeas, o que pode ser reflexo das diferenças nas estratégias de utilização do ambiente por indivíduos de ambos os sexos. Para os animais da EEJ as áreas estimadas para a estação chuvosa geralmente foram menores do que as estabelecidas na seca, já para os animais da bacia do rio Paraná observou-se uma inversão na ordem desses valores, ou seja, a média na estação chuvosa foi maior do que a média no período de seca. Tal inversão pode estar relacionada com a dinâmica das características ambientais promovida pela sazonalidade para cada região. A análise de fidelidade de habitat na área de reintrodução revelou uma sobreposição de suas áreas núcleos estimada para as duas estações seca e chuvosa, com fêmeas apresentando porcentagem de fidelidade maior do que machos. A análise envolvendo a sobreposição de áreas núcleo entre os animais desta região revelaram que dois animais, sendo um macho e uma fêmea, sobrepuseram seus núcleos de atividade mesmo quando estimados com concentração média harmônica (30%) de distribuição de utilização das localizações espaciais. Os dados utilizados neste trabalho fazem parte dos resultados obtidos pelo Projeto Cervo-do-Pantanal de Porto Primavera, coordenado pelo NUPECCE (Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos), localizado na Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias FCAV/UNESP de Jaboticabal, como parte das ações compensatórias referente ao reservatório formado pela usina hidrelétrica Sérgio Motta ou “Porto Primavera”. / Marsh deer (Blastocerus dichotomus) is a large mammal and is considered the largest deer native to South America, this species is extinct in 60% of its historic range that included the natural flood plain of the great rivers between the southern Amazon and northern Argentina. Despite being threatened with extinction, little is known about the ecological aspects of deer marsh. In this context, this study aims to investigate the seasonality in the spatial behavior of this species, but also analyze information related to habitat use and intraspecific relations using overlapping core areas. To this end it contains a review and two introductory chapters covering the following topics: 1 - comparative study for the seasonality effect of reintroduced animals and / or born in the Ecological Station (EEJ) and animals natural population located in the River Paraná; 2 - spatial relations using overlapping core areas to reintroduced animals and / or born in the EEJ. A total of 39 deer-billed and 9 marked the reintroduction area and 30 in the area of natural population, contributed to the analysis of this work. The results show that both populations studied areas of life were higher for males than for females, which may reflect differences in strategies for using the environment of individuals of both sexes. For animals of the EEJ areas estimated for the rainy season were generally lower than those established in the dry season, as for animals of the Paraná River basin showed a reversal in the order of these values, ie, the average during the rainy season was higher than the average during the dry season. This reversal can be related to the dynamics of environmental characteristics promoted by the seasonal pattern for each region. The analysis of habitat use of reintroduction area revealed an overlap in their core areas estimated for both dry and wet seasons, with females showing higher percentage of fidelity than males. The analysis involving the overlap of core areas among the animals of this region revealed that two animals are one male and one female overlapped its core activity even when estimated harmonic mean concentration (30%) of distribution of use of spatial locations. The data used in this work are part of the results obtained by the Project Cervo-do-Pantanal de Porto Primavera, coordinated by NUPECCE (Núcleo de Pesquisa e Conservação de Cervídeos), located at the Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias FCAV/UNESP de Jaboticabal, as part stock compensation related to the reservoir formed by the Sergio Motta or "Porto Primavera Dam. CNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS Cervo-do-pantanal População natural População da área de reintrodução Área de vida Deer Marsh Natural population The population of a re-entry Living area Fidelity and overlapping core area
5	Polyfunkční dům / Multifunctional Building Poledňák, Jiří January 2015 (has links) This diploma thesis deals with construction of new mixed-used building in Kuřim at Blanenská street. The relevant estate lies on bulding plot number 2994/27. There aren’t existing buildings. When the proposition for the bulding was being drafted, an extra focus was placed on use of public zone of building. The proposed capacity of bulding consists of 10 living units, with its own internal parking places and basement cells. The mixed-used building has five live floors, there are one underground floor and four above-ground floors. The underground floor is used as parking zone and there are basement cells. The first above-ground floor is used for comercial purposes as a shopping center for public, with its own parking zone. Other above-ground floors are used for living purposes. Living area and public area are separated.
6	Polyfunkční dům / Multifunctional Building Černý, Karel January 2015 (has links) This diploma thesis deals with construction of new mixed-used building in Brno at Terezy Novákové street. The relevant estate lies on building plot number 49, which is purposed as building ground. There are existing buidings at relevant estate which will be removed. When the proposition for the building was being drafted, an extra focus was placed on use of public zone of building. The proposed capacity of building consists of 21 living units with its own internal and external parking places. The mixed-used building has five floors, there are one underground floor and four above-ground floors. There are parking zone and technical background of the building in the undergound floor. The first above-ground floor is used for commercial purposes with its own parking zone. Others above-ground floors are used for living purposses. Living area and public area are separated.
7	Health for community dwelling older people : trends, inequalities, needs and care in rural Vietnam Van Hoi, Le January 2011 (has links) Background InVietnam, the proportion of people aged 60 and above has increased rapidly in recent decades. The majority live in rural areas where socioeconomic status is more disadvantaged than in urban areas.Vietnam’s economic status is improving but disparities in income and living conditions are widening between groups and regions. A consistent and emerging danger of communicable diseases and an increase of non-communicable diseases exist concurrently. The emigration of young people and the impact of other socioeconomic changes leave more elderly on their own and with less family support. Introduction of user fees and development of a private sector improve the coverage and quality of health care but increase household health expenditures and inequalities in health care. Life expectancy at birth has increased, but not much is known about changes during old age. There is a lack of evidence, particularly in rural settings, about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older people within the context of socioeconomic changes and health-sector reform. Knowledge of long-term elderly care needs in the community and the relevant models are still limited. To provide evidence for developing new policies and models of care, this thesis aimed to assess general health status, health care needs, and perspectives on future health care options for community-dwelling older people. Methods An abridged life table was used to estimate cohort life expectancies at old age from longitudinal data collected by FilaBavi DSS during 1999-2006. This covered 7,668 people aged 60 and above with 43,272 person-years. A 2007 cross-sectional survey was conducted among people aged 60 and over living in 2,240 households that were randomly selected from the FilaBavi DSS. Interviews used a structured questionnaire to assess HRQoL, daily care needs, and willingness to use and to pay for models of care. Participant and household socioeconomic characteristics were extracted from the 2007 DSS re-census. Differences in life expectancy are examined by socioeconomic factors. The EQ-5D index is calculated based on the time trade-off tariff. Distributions of study subjects by study variables are described with 95% confidence intervals. Multivariate analyses are performed to identify socioeconomic determinants of HRQoL, need of support, ADL index, and willingness to use and pay for models of care. In addition, four focus group discussions with the elderly, their household members, and community association representatives were conducted to explore perspectives on the use of services by applying content analysis. Results Life expectancy at age 60 increased by approximately one year from 1999-2002 to 2003-2006, but tended to decrease in the most vulnerable groups. There is a wide gap in life expectancy by poverty status and living arrangement. The sex gap in life expectancy is consistent across all socioeconomic groups and is wider among the more disadvantaged populations. The EQ-5D index at old age is 0.876. Younger age groups, position as household head, working, literacy, and belonging to better wealth quintiles are determinants of higher HRQoL. Ageing has a primary influence on HRQoL that is mainly due to reduction in physical (rather than mental) functions. Being a household head and working at old age are advantageous for attaining better HRQoL in physical rather than psychological terms. Economic conditions affect HRQoL through sensory rather than physical functions. Long-term living conditions are more likely to affect HRQoL than short-term economic conditions. Dependence in instrumental or intellectual activities of daily living (ADLs) is more common than in basic ADLs. People who need complete help are fewer than those who need some help in almost all ADLs. Over two-fifths of people who needed help received enough support in all ADL dimensions. Children and grand-children are confirmed to be the main caregivers. Presence of chronic illness, age groups, sex, educational level, marital status, household membership, working status, household size, living arrangement, residential area, household wealth, and poverty status are determinants of the need for care. Use of mobile teams is the most requested service; the fewest respondents intend to use a nursing centre. Households expect to use services for their elderly to a greater extent than did the elderly themselves. Willingness to use services decreases when potential fees increase. The proportion of respondents who require free services is 2 to 3 times higher than those willing to pay full cost. Households are willing to pay more for day care and nursing centres than are the elderly. The elderly are more willing to pay for mobile teams than are their households. ADL index, age group, sex, literacy, marital status, living arrangement, head of household status, living area, working status, poverty and household wealth are factors related to willingness to use services. Conclusions There is a trend of increasing life expectancy at older ages in ruralVietnam. Inequalities in life expectancy exist between socioeconomic groups. HRQoL at old age is at a high level, but varies substantially according to socioeconomic factors. An unmet need of daily care for older people remains. Family is the main source of support for care. Need for care is in more demand among disadvantaged groups. Development of a social network for community-based long-term elderly care is needed. The network should focus on instrumental and intellectual ADLs rather than basic ADLs. Home-based care is more essential than institutionalized care. Community-based elderly care will be used and partly paid for if it is provided by the government or associations. The determinants of elderly health and care needs should be addressed by appropriate social and health policies with greater targeting of the poorest and most disadvantaged groups. Building capacity for health professionals and informal caregivers, as well as support for the most vulnerable elderly groups, is essential for providing and assessing the services. / Aging and Living Conditions Program / Vietnam-Sweden Collaborative Program in Health, SIDA/Sarec older people elderly health health status life expectancy health-related quality of life EQ-5D mobility self-care usual activities pain discomfort anxiety depression activity of daily living basic ADL instrumental ADL intellectual ADL non-communicable diseases need of care health service model of care mobile team day care centre nursing centre inequalities cost of care socioeconomic education marital status living arrangement household head working status living area wealth quintile poverty line community cohort study household survey focus group discussion qualitative research rural Vietnam developing country Asia người cao tuổi y tế thực trạng sức khỏe hy vọng sống chất lượng cuộc sống EQ-5D đi lại tự chăm sóc hoạt động thường xuyên đau khó chịu lo lắng trầm cảm hoạt động hàng ngày bệnh không lây nhiễm nhu cầu chăm sóc dịch vụ y tế mô hình chăm sóc đội lưu động trung tâm chăm sóc ban ngày trung tâm dưỡng lão bất bình đẳng chi phí chăm sóc kinh tế xã hội giáo dục hôn nhân sắp xếp cuộc sống chủ hộ tình trạng làm việc khu vực sống ngũ phân thịnh vượng chuẩn nghèo cộng đồng nghiên cứu theo dõi dọc điều tra hộ gia đình thảo luận nhóm tập trung nghiên cứu định tính nông thôn Việt Nam nước đang phát triển châu Á

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