Nous analysons ici les discours identitaires d’écrivains des Antilles françaises, principalement Aimé Césaire, Edouard Glissant, Maryse Condé, Patrick Chamoiseau et Raphaël Confiant. Autour de la question centrale des ensembles géographiques que dessinent leurs discours sur l’homme (nègre, noir, antillais ou créole), nous examinons leur contexte de production, les enjeux de leurs positions, leur dimension performative et les voies par lesquelles ces discours peuvent influencer les représentations collectives. Nous portons une attention particulière aux rapports entre écrivains et anthropologues : certains écrivains valorisent la perception du natif et celle de l’artiste, arguant de l’efficacité cognitive de l’écriture littéraire sans disqualifier le discours scientifique. Les espaces d’appartenance qu’ils donnent à voir sont en rapport avec les découpages des littéraires et des savants (en particulier Herskovits, Bastide, Leiris, Benoist, Chaudenson, Hall, Gilroy). Nous montrons que leurs « originales géographies » ne se résument pas à la vision d’Antilles africaines pour Césaire, d’un monde noir pour Condé, d’un monde créole pour la Créolité ou de l’archipel pour Glissant. En rapport avec leurs conceptions des identités, associées à une résistance croissante à l’ethnicisation par l’autre et aux catégorisations, la complexité et la variabilité de leurs discours réduisent leur impact, cependant sensible dans la constitution des fonds locaux des bibliothèques. Ils se préoccupent de la diffusion locale de leurs discours, à travers l’interaction directe avec le public, parfois l’enseignement, et la création de prix littéraires. Nous montrons enfin que les veillées littéraires et autres manifestations dans lesquelles ils s’investissent depuis vingt ans témoignent de leur intérêt pour l’émergence de communautés de lecteurs, la sociabilité littéraire étant le vecteur du renforcement de sentiments d’appartenance. / This work analyzes identitarian discourses among writers from the French Caribbean, in particular Aimé Césaire, Edouard Glissant, Maryse Condé, Patrick Chamoiseau and Raphaël Confiant. Around the central question of the geographical ensembles outlined in their discourses on man (Negro, Black, West Indian or Creole), I examine the context of their production, their implications, their performative dimension and the ways in which these discourses can influence collective representations. I focus in particular on the relations between writers and anthropologists. Certain writers promote native and artistic perception, and stress the cognitive efficacy of literary writing without however disqualifying scientific discourse. The spaces of belonging they set out are linked to mappings proposed by literary scholars and social scientists (notably Herskovits, Bastide, Leiris, Benoist, Chaudenson, Hall, Gilroy). I show that their « original geographies » cannot be reduced to Césaire’s conception of African West Indies, Condé’s Black world, the Creolity movement’s Creole world, or Glissant’s Archipelago. Linked to their conceptions of identity and an increasing resistance to categorizations and to ethnicization by the other, the complexity and variability of their discourses reduce their impact, although it remains visible in the way that local collections in libraries are organized. The writers are concerned with the local diffusion of their discourse through direct interaction with the public, sometimes teaching, and the creation of literary prizes. Finally, I stress that their participation in literary evenings and other cultural events over the last twenty years testifies to their interest in the emergence of reader communities and in literary sociability as a means of reinforcing a sense of belonging.

Submitted by Liliane Ferreira (ljuvencia30@gmail.com) on 2018-05-25T14:54:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alexandre Rezende Silva - 2018.pdf: 1870208 bytes, checksum: 314c58546cca42e96a7652f2500905d3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-05-28T11:21:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alexandre Rezende Silva - 2018.pdf: 1870208 bytes, checksum: 314c58546cca42e96a7652f2500905d3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-28T11:21:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Alexandre Rezende Silva - 2018.pdf: 1870208 bytes, checksum: 314c58546cca42e96a7652f2500905d3 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-12 / Tax incentives are mechanisms used by governments to promote private investment, with the objective of local development. However, the fiscal waiver, promoted by the States, which benefits a first location, incites other states to adopt the same strategy, causing a tax dispute, known as fiscal war. The Brazilian literature points the State of Goiás as one of the most active in promoting development through tax exemptions. The current tax incentive policy in the State is the Produzir Program, which emphasizes on employment and income generation and on the reduction of social and regional inequalities. Similar to other programs, Produzir is also a target for praise and criticism. However, the literature has pointed out the inexistence of conclusive evidence on the impact of these programs on important variables, such as: (i) employment, (ii) income and (iii) local collection. In this way, the present work propounds to investigate the impact of fiscal incentives on the variables exposed above, analyzing data on the municipalities of Goiás, from 2005 to 2014. Was used the regression method with panel data. The results of the econometric models pointed out that the renounced ICMS revenue, through Produzir - Goiás: (i) do not affect the job creation; (ii) has an effect on the increase in average income; and (iii) does not increases the collection of local taxes. However, there is still a need to deepen this area of research in light of its importance for local development. The assessment of tax incentive programs can be hampered both by a lack of data, as the lack of standardization of information. / Os incentivos fiscais são mecanismos utilizados pelos governos para promover investimentos privados, objetivando o desenvolvimento local. Contudo, a renúncia fiscal promovida pelos Estados, a qual beneficia determinada localidade, incita outros Estados a adotarem a mesma estratégia, ocasionando uma disputa tributária, conhecida como guerra fiscal. A literatura brasileira aponta o Estado de Goiás como um dos mais ativos na promoção do desenvolvimento por meio de renúncias tributárias. A política de incentivos fiscais vigente no Estado é o Programa Produzir, o qual tem ênfase na geração de emprego e renda e na redução das desigualdades sociais e regionais. Similar aos demais programas, o Produzir também é alvo de elogios e críticas. Todavia, a literatura tem apontado a inexistência de evidências conclusivas sobre o impacto destes programas em variáveis importantes, como: (i) emprego, (ii) renda e (iii) arrecadação local. Dessa maneira, o presente trabalho se propõe a investigar quais são os impactos dos incentivos fiscais sobre essas variáveis, analisando os dados relativos aos municípios goianos, no período de 2005 a 2014. Foi utilizado o método de regressão com dados em painel. Os resultados dos modelos econométricos apontam que a receita renunciada de ICMS, por intermédio do Produzir – Goiás: (i) não impacta na geração de empregos; (ii) tem efeito no aumento da renda média; e (iii) não provoca a ampliação da arrecadação de tributos locais. Contudo, ainda há necessidade de aprofundamento nessa área de pesquisa em função de sua importância para o desenvolvimento local. A avaliação dos programas de incentivos fiscais pode ser prejudicada tanto pela falta de dados, quanto pela ausência de padronização das informações.