FEITOSA, C. R. S. Contribuição ao Conhecimento Químico - Farmacológico de Plantas do Nordeste do Brasil: Luffa operculata Cogn. 2011. 287 f. Tese (Doutorado em Química) - Centro de Ciências, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, 2011. / Submitted by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2014-11-04T18:06:41Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_tese_crsfeitosa.pdf: 14700049 bytes, checksum: d9b543e17db1678a5942e5ae87fd255a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa(jairo@ufc.br) on 2015-04-20T21:04:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_tese_crsfeitosa.pdf: 14700049 bytes, checksum: d9b543e17db1678a5942e5ae87fd255a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-20T21:04:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_tese_crsfeitosa.pdf: 14700049 bytes, checksum: d9b543e17db1678a5942e5ae87fd255a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Luffa operculata (Cucurbitaceae) is a plant widely distributed in Northeastern Brazil, where is known as “cabacinha”. An aqueous solution from the fruit of “cabacinha” has been popularly used for the treatment of sinusitis as a bitter stomachic and purgative remedy. The broad spectrum of pharmacological effects reported in the literature and the abundance of this plant in rural Northeastern Brazil justified this study. The plant was subjected to phytochemical study with the objective of isolation and characterization of their secondary metabolites. The Cucurbitaceae are characteristically rich in cucurbitacins, which are oxidative modified triterpenes that together with their glycosides counterparts are considered the agents responsible for the potent toxicity observed in extracts of the fruit of Luffa operculata. Through various chromatographic steps the elements were purified and isolated. The ethanol extract of the fruit of Luffa operculata yielded the isolation of six triterpenoids (cucurbitacin D, isocucurbitacin D, 3-epi-isocucurbitacin D, cucurbitacin I, cucurbitacin B and arvenin I). The ethanol extract of the stems yielded two quinones (emodine and chrisophanol), as well as a mixture of aliphatic esters (hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester and octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester) and one rare triterpene friedolenane type (bryonolic acid). Furthermore, a mixture of steroids [(22E, 24S)-ethyl-5α-cholest-7,22-dien-3β-ol and (22E,24R)-ethyl-5α-cholest-7,22,25-trien-3β-ol]; ceramides (1,3,4-trihydroxy-2-[2´-hydroxydocosanoylamino]-19-tetracasadecene and 1,3,4-tryhydroxy-2-[2´-hydroxyhenicosanoylamino]-19-tetracasadecene) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the fruit bark. Meanwhile, a mixture of steroids was isolated from the hexane extract of the leaves [(22E, 24S)-ethyl-5α-cholest-7,22-dien-3β-ol and (22E,24R)-ethyl-5α-cholest-7,22,25-trien-3β-ol), while the hexane extract of the stems yielded one steroid (spinasterol) and a mixture of ceramides [(N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)eicosamide, N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)nonadecanamide, N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)octadacanamide, N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)heptadacanamide, N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)hexadecanamide]. In order to provide training activities in the laboratory and to collect structural proof of the extracts, several derivatives were prepared by classical reactions such as oxidation, esterification, hydrolysis and methanolysis. In addition, crude extracts and a few of the isolated natural products were assessed for biological activities. Some of the compounds found were described for the first time from Luffa opeculata, while the ceramides isolated from the extract are new to the literature. The 1H and 13C NMR, IV and MS spectra and a comparison with previous spectral data allowed the research team to fully understand the chemical structure of all compounds.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:09:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 parte1.pdf: 6125256 bytes, checksum: 9e961886d061a17367f2819c26c0b441 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-06-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The remoteness from urban centers, in general, is the most responsible for the not economically feasible implementation of a sewage disposal system. Simplified and high benefit/cost ratio systems may prove very useful as sanitary solution. In Brazil, anaerobic filters have been often used in septic tank sequence for the soluble fraction effluent's treatment, given technical and economic criteria. The use of Luffa cylindrica, or loofah sponge, as support media in anaerobic reactors, particularly in biofilters, still requires further investigation. The objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using this material in anaerobic filters as a low cost alternative for domestic sewage treatment. A system consisting of septic tank, flow divider box and anaerobic filters in parallel was built at the campus I UFPB. The filter F1 was filled with loofah sponge, the F2 with conduit chips and F3 with stone. Monitoring of flow and physical-chemical parameters of effluent was made during one year. Efficiencies were obtained in the order of 37.5%, 36.2% and 52.1% in BOD removal and 44.4%, 34.4% and 40.0% for COD removal for the F1, F2, and F3 filters respectively. There was no noticeable degradation in loofah sponge. It can be concluded that the systems performance was similar, indicating that Luffa cylindrica can be used as alternate support media in anaerobic filters. / O afastamento em relação aos centros urbanos, em geral, é o maior responsável por inviabilizar economicamente a implantação de uma rede coletora de esgoto nas comunidades periurbanas. Sistemas simplificados e de alta relação benefício/custo podem se mostrar bastante vantajosos como solução sanitária. No Brasil, o filtro anaeróbio tem sido frequentemente utilizado em sequência ao tanque séptico para tratamento da fração solúvel do efluente, atendendo aos critérios técnicos e econômicos. A aplicação da Luffa cylindrica, ou bucha vegetal, como meio suporte em reatores anaeróbios, em especial nos biofiltros, ainda necessita de maior investigação. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a viabilidade técnica da utilização deste material em filtros anaeróbios como uma alternativa de baixo custo para o tratamento de efluentes domésticos. Foi construído um sistema composto por tanque séptico, caixa separadora de vazão e três filtros anaeróbios em paralelo, no Campus I da UFPB. O filtro F1 foi preenchido com bucha vegetal, o F2 com aparas de eletroduto e o F3 com brita. O monitoramento da vazão e de parâmetros físicoquímicos dos efluentes foi feito durante um ano. Foram obtidas eficiências na ordem de 37,5%, 36,2% e 52,1% na remoção de DBO5 e 44,4%, 34,4% e 40,0% na remoção de DQO para os filtros F1, F2 e F3, respectivamente. Não foi observada degradação apreciável na bucha vegetal. Pode-se concluir que o desempenho dos sistemas foi semelhante, demonstrando que a Luffa cylindrica pode ser utilizada como meio suporte alternativo em filtros anaeróbios.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / Luffa operculata (Cucurbitaceae) is a plant widely distributed in Northeastern Brazil, where is known as âcabacinhaâ. An aqueous solution from the fruit of âcabacinhaâ has been popularly used for the treatment of sinusitis as a bitter stomachic and purgative remedy. The broad spectrum of pharmacological effects reported in the literature and the abundance of this plant in rural Northeastern Brazil justified this study. The plant was subjected to phytochemical study with the objective of isolation and characterization of their secondary metabolites. The Cucurbitaceae are characteristically rich in cucurbitacins, which are oxidative modified triterpenes that together with their glycosides counterparts are considered the agents responsible for the potent toxicity observed in extracts of the fruit of Luffa operculata. Through various chromatographic steps the elements were purified and isolated. The ethanol extract of the fruit of Luffa operculata yielded the isolation of six triterpenoids (cucurbitacin D, isocucurbitacin D, 3-epi-isocucurbitacin D, cucurbitacin I, cucurbitacin B and arvenin I). The ethanol extract of the stems yielded two quinones (emodine and chrisophanol), as well as a mixture of aliphatic esters (hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester and octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester) and one rare triterpene friedolenane type (bryonolic acid). Furthermore, a mixture of steroids [(22E, 24S)-ethyl-5α-cholest-7,22-dien-3β-ol and (22E,24R)-ethyl-5α-cholest-7,22,25-trien-3β-ol]; ceramides (1,3,4-trihydroxy-2-[2Â-hydroxydocosanoylamino]-19-tetracasadecene and 1,3,4-tryhydroxy-2-[2Â-hydroxyhenicosanoylamino]-19-tetracasadecene) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the fruit bark. Meanwhile, a mixture of steroids was isolated from the hexane extract of the leaves [(22E, 24S)-ethyl-5α-cholest-7,22-dien-3β-ol and (22E,24R)-ethyl-5α-cholest-7,22,25-trien-3β-ol), while the hexane extract of the stems yielded one steroid (spinasterol) and a mixture of ceramides [(N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)eicosamide, N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)nonadecanamide, N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)octadacanamide, N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)heptadacanamide, N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)hexadecanamide]. In order to provide training activities in the laboratory and to collect structural proof of the extracts, several derivatives were prepared by classical reactions such as oxidation, esterification, hydrolysis and methanolysis. In addition, crude extracts and a few of the isolated natural products were assessed for biological activities. Some of the compounds found were described for the first time from Luffa opeculata, while the ceramides isolated from the extract are new to the literature. The 1H and 13C NMR, IV and MS spectra and a comparison with previous spectral data allowed the research team to fully understand the chemical structure of all compounds. / Luffa operculata(Cucurbitaceae) is a plant widely distributed in Northeastern Brazil, where is known as âcabacinhaâ. An aqueous solution from the fruit of âcabacinhaâ has been popularly used for the treatment of sinusitis as a bitter stomachic and purgative remedy. The broad spectrum of pharmacological effects reported in the literature and the abundance of this plant in rural Northeastern Brazil justified this study. The plant was subjected to phytochemical study with the objective of isolation and characterization of their secondary metabolites. The Cucurbitaceae are characteristically rich in cucurbitacins, which are oxidative modified triterpenes that together with their glycosides counterparts are considered the agents responsible for the potent toxicity observed in extracts of the fruit of Luffa operculata. Through various chromatographic steps the elements were purified and isolated. The ethanol extract of the fruit of Luffa operculata yielded the isolation of six triterpenoids (cucurbitacin D, isocucurbitacin D, 3-epi-isocucurbitacin D, cucurbitacin I, cucurbitacin B and arvenin I). The ethanol extract of the stems yielded two quinones (emodine and chrisophanol), as well as a mixture of aliphatic esters (hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester and octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester) and one rare triterpene friedolenane type (bryonolic acid). Furthermore, a mixture of steroids [(22 E , 24S) - ethyl - 5 α - cholest - 7,22 - dien - 3 β - ol and (22 E ,24R) - ethyl - 5 α - cholest - 7,22,25 - trien - 3 β - ol]; ceramides (1,3,4-trihydroxy-2- [2 ́ - hydroxydocosanoylamino] - 19 - tetracasadecene and 1,3,4-tryhydroxy - 2 - [2 ́ - hydroxyhenicosanoylamino] - 19 - tetracasadecene) were isolated from the etha nol extract of the fruit bark. Meanwhile, a mixture of steroids was isolated from the hexane extract of the leaves [(22 E , 24S) - ethyl - 5 α - cholest - 7,22 - dien - 3 β - ol and (22 E ,24R) - ethyl - 5 α - cholest - 7,22,25 - trien - 3 β - ol), while the hexane extract of the stems yield ed one steroid (spinasterol) and a mixture of ceramides [(N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)eicosamide, N - (2 - isopropoxy - ethyl)nonadecanamide, N - (2 - isopropoxy - ethyl)octadacanamide, N-(2-isopropoxy - ethyl)heptadacanamide, N-(2-isopropoxy-ethyl)hexadecanamide]. In order to provide training activities in the laboratory and to collect structural proof of the extracts, several derivatives were prepared by classical reactions such as oxidation, esterification, hydrolysis and methanolysis. In addition, crude extracts and a few of the isolated natural products were assessed for biological activities. Some of the compounds found were described for the first time from Luffa opeculata, while the ceramides isolated from the extract are new to the literature. The1H and 13C NMR, IV an d MS spectra and a comparison with previous spectral data allowed the research team to fully understand the chemical structure of all compounds.

The Master thesis was made at Department of Post-Harvest Technology of Horticulture Faculty of Mendel University in Brno in 2012/2014.The thesis is devided into the two parts, theoretical and experimental part. First of all I classified and described beverages and carbohydrates which is the theoretical part of the thesis. Next chapters describe individual form of carbohydrates, natural and artificial as well which occur in beverages. Apart of this, I also introduced its properties, occurrence, importance and possible methods of analysis.A great deal of attention of this thesis is given to the experimental part which is concentrated on speed of decomposition of sucrose in different pH, thus influence of action of citric acid and oxalic acid, which were mixed up in concentrations 1 and 5 %. The decomposition was also observed in fruit juices.The methods used for subsequent determination of carbohydrates were method of Luffa-Schoorla and enzymatic determination of carbohydrates with using of set K-SUFRG Megazyme.Efficiently operated inversion acids, mainly oxalic acid.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-12T16:28:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 arquivo2099_1.pdf: 1951167 bytes, checksum: 9614824fbab0545912a211d54ee0c730 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / O uso de plantas no tratamento e na cura de enfermidades é tão antigo quanto à espécie humana. Luffa operculata Cogn. é nativa da América do Sul especialmente do Brasil, podendo ser encontrada amplamente distribuída em Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Gerais , Rio de Janeiro e Ceará. Trata-se de uma planta angiosperma e dicotiledônea da família Cucurbitaceae, popularmente conhecida como buchinina, cabaçinha, purga-de-jalapa e purga-dos-paulistas. Sendo empregada na medicina popular tradicional principalmente para o tratamento de sinusite, rinite e com descongestionante nasal. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a toxicidade aguda, atividade farmacológica (anti-tumoral em roedores) e microbiologia do extrato bruto de Luffa operculata Cogn. Foram realizados ensaios de toxicidade aguda por via intraperitoneal com observações comportamentais para cada dose administrada. Inicialmente foram observados efeitos estimulantes seguido de efeitos depressores do Sistema Nervoso Central. A DL50 determinada por via intraperitoneal foi de 3,3 mg/kg considerada muito tóxica. Na avaliação anti-tumoral de Luffa operculata Cogn. frente ao Sarcoma 180, células tumorais foram implantadas em camundongos Swiss (Mus musculus) fêmeas sadias. Os animais divididos em grupos de seis, foram tratados com solução fisiológica 0,9%, metotrexato (10 mg/kg) e do extrato bruto de Luffa operculata Cogn. nas doses de 0,3; 0,6 e 1,0 mg/kg. Os animais tratados coma maior dose do extrato obtiveram índice de inibição significativa de 61,7% quando comparado com o grupo controle. Para os animais tratados com metotrexato (10 mg/kg) a inibição foi de 95,4%. Na análise microbiológica foram realizadas avaliações das atividades antimicrobiana da Luffa operculata Cogn. contra espécimes bacterianas e fúngicas da origem clínica e de coleção. Os ensaios foram realizados, através do método de difusão em meio sólido, incubados em uma temperatura de 35±2º C durante 24-48 horas para espécimes bacterianas, e 28±30 durante 4-14 dias para espécies fônicas. Os resultados demonstraram que o extrato de Lufa operculata Cogn. apresenta a atividade antimicrobiana contra Staphylococcus aureus e Staphylococcus epidermidis, Candida albicans e Candida tropicalis. Embora seja considerada muito tóxica a Luffa operculata apresentou inibição tumoral em neoplasias maligna em tumor de tecido conjuntivo com perspectivas para novas investigações em outros processos neoplásicos

Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-12-12T12:50:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Ariel Dotto Blind.pdf: 3270818 bytes, checksum: 9fc21867a474b40f873deee98788cee7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-12-12T12:52:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Ariel Dotto Blind.pdf: 3270818 bytes, checksum: 9fc21867a474b40f873deee98788cee7 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2016-12-12T12:53:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Ariel Dotto Blind.pdf: 3270818 bytes, checksum: 9fc21867a474b40f873deee98788cee7 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-12T12:53:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese - Ariel Dotto Blind.pdf: 3270818 bytes, checksum: 9fc21867a474b40f873deee98788cee7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-03 / FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas / The culture of the loofah has been outstanding in the market of natural fibers for easy manipulation and applicability in various sectors of agribusiness. The study of the molecular diversity varietal level, morphological and productive within a germplasm collection are essential for the establishment of a selection and playback program that allows screening of materials with desirable characteristics for different applications. In this sense the objective of this work was to study the genetic divergence loofah access from binary data, multicategorios and quantitative, in addition to parallel correlation analysis, estimates of genetic parameters and regression analysis on performance for six months. 24 loofah access, are in the BAG-UFAM and come from the states of Amazonas, Rondônia, Pará, Federal District, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina assembled and assigned institutionally through germplasm assignment of the Federal University of Amazonas, Embrapa vegetables, Institute Agronomic of Paraná, and the Campinas Agronomic Institute. The results of the diversity at the molecular level and morphological and agronomic demonstrates that there different groups of settings both with wide variability potêncial to be explored between accesses. Regarding the qualitative and quantitative data results showed that the materials are phenotypically different for 30 descriptors analyzed with different botanical and biometric conformations of which the variable; fruit length (62.32%) was the component that contributed most to divergence found. There is a positive correlation between the variables; fruit length x fiber mass thickness x of the fibrous web. The fruit number was the parameter showed the lowest heritability (71.9%) among the analyzed carcteristicas. Regarding the productive performance, the most hits have aptitude for planting in the area may accumulate in period of six months up to 87 fruits per plant. Regression analysis on productive behavior for six months for the fruit number, the mass of fiber and the length of fruits, reveal better understanding from the fourth order in the polynomial equation, and between one harvest and another there is more seasonal or less marked. / A bucha vem se destacando no mercado de fibras naturais pela facilidade de cultivo e aplicabilidade em diversos setores da agroindustria. O estudo da diversidade varietal ao nível molecular, morfológico e produtivo, dentro de uma coleção de germoplasma são atividades essenciais para o estabelecimento de um programa de seleção e reprodução que permita triagens de genótipos com características desejáveis, para diferentes finalidades. Neste sentido o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a divergência genética de acessos de bucha a partir de dados bínarios, multicategórios e dados de produtividade, além de análises paralelas de correlação, e análise de regressão sobre o desempenho produtivo durante seis meses. Os 24 acessos de bucha, foram do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma-UFAM e são provenientes dos estados do Amazonas, Rondônia, Pará, Distrito Federal, São Paulo, Paraná e Santa Catarina reunidos e cedidos institucionalmente por meio de cessão de germoplasma entre a Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Embrapa Hortaliças, Instituto Agronômico do Paraná, e Instituto Agronômico de Campinas. Os resultados obtidos sobre a diversidade a nivel molecular e morfo-agronômica demostra que existe diferentes configurações de agrupamentos ambos com ampla variabilidade potêncial a ser explorada entre os acessos mesmo que dispersos geograficamente. Com relação aos dados qualitativos e quantitativos os resultados demostraram que os acessos são fenotipicamente diferentes para 30 descritores analisados com diferentes conformações botânicas e biométricas sendo que a variavel; comprimento de frutos (62,32%) foi o componente que mais contribuiu para divergência encontrada. Existe correlação positiva entre as variáveis; comprimento do fruto x massa de fibra x espessura da manta fibrosa. Com relação ao desempenho produtivo, a maioria dos acessos possue aptidão para plantio na região, podendo acumular em periodo de seis meses até 87 frutos por planta. A análise de regressão sobre o comportamento produtivo durante os seis meses, para o número de frutos, a massa de fibra e o comprimento de frutos, revelam melhor entendimento a partir da 4a ordem na equação polinomial, evidenciando que entre uma colheita e outra existe sazonalidade moderadamente acentuada.

Fungos basidiomicetos podem promover a descoloração de efluentes têxteis por meio de um complexo multienzimático inespecífico. Neste trabalho, a descoloração e a toxicidade de efluentes tratados por fungos (Peniophora cinerea, Pleuorotus ostreatus e Trametes villosa) imobilizados em bucha vegetal foram avaliadas em pequena escala e em biorreator. Em pequena escala, P. ostreatus foi o mais efetivo para o efluente azul e T. villosa foi o mais efetivo para o efluente amarelo, enquanto que ambos destacaram-se para o efluente vermelho. Substâncias presentes no banho de alvejamento interferiram no tratamento. Observou-se redução da toxicidade aguda e fitotoxicidade na maior parte dos tratamentos. Os tratamentos fúngicos não reduziram valores de DQO, COT, SST, turbidez e condutividade. O aumento de escala (biorreator de 5 L) mostrou-se eficiente quanto aos níveis de descoloração. A reutilização da biomassa fúngica garantiu bons níveis de descoloração, porém com aumento da toxicidade. O tratamento foi satisfatório por promover a redução da cor e toxicidade. / Basidiomycete fungi can promote the decolorization of textile effluents using a nonspecific multienzyme complex. In this study, the decolorization and toxicity of effluents treated by fungi (Peniophora cinerea, Pleuorotus ostreatus and Trametes villosa) immobilized in Luffa cylindrica were evaluated in a small scale and in bioreactor. In the small scale, P. ostreatus was the most effective for the blue effluent and T. villosa was the most effective for the yellow effluent, while both stood out for the red effluent. Substances in the bleaching bath interfered with the treatment. It was observed a reduction in the acute toxicity and phytotoxicity in most treatments. The fungal treatment did not reduce the values of COD, TOC, TSS, turbidity and conductivity. The increased scale (5L bioreactor) proved to be efficient in reducing the degree of decolorization. The reuse of fungal biomass attained a good level of decolorization but increased the toxicity. The treatment was satisfactory in promoting the reduction of color and toxicity.

Fungos basidiomicetos podem promover a descoloração de efluentes têxteis por meio de um complexo multienzimático inespecífico. Neste trabalho, a descoloração e a toxicidade de efluentes tratados por fungos (Peniophora cinerea, Pleuorotus ostreatus e Trametes villosa) imobilizados em bucha vegetal foram avaliadas em pequena escala e em biorreator. Em pequena escala, P. ostreatus foi o mais efetivo para o efluente azul e T. villosa foi o mais efetivo para o efluente amarelo, enquanto que ambos destacaram-se para o efluente vermelho. Substâncias presentes no banho de alvejamento interferiram no tratamento. Observou-se redução da toxicidade aguda e fitotoxicidade na maior parte dos tratamentos. Os tratamentos fúngicos não reduziram valores de DQO, COT, SST, turbidez e condutividade. O aumento de escala (biorreator de 5 L) mostrou-se eficiente quanto aos níveis de descoloração. A reutilização da biomassa fúngica garantiu bons níveis de descoloração, porém com aumento da toxicidade. O tratamento foi satisfatório por promover a redução da cor e toxicidade. / Basidiomycete fungi can promote the decolorization of textile effluents using a nonspecific multienzyme complex. In this study, the decolorization and toxicity of effluents treated by fungi (Peniophora cinerea, Pleuorotus ostreatus and Trametes villosa) immobilized in Luffa cylindrica were evaluated in a small scale and in bioreactor. In the small scale, P. ostreatus was the most effective for the blue effluent and T. villosa was the most effective for the yellow effluent, while both stood out for the red effluent. Substances in the bleaching bath interfered with the treatment. It was observed a reduction in the acute toxicity and phytotoxicity in most treatments. The fungal treatment did not reduce the values of COD, TOC, TSS, turbidity and conductivity. The increased scale (5L bioreactor) proved to be efficient in reducing the degree of decolorization. The reuse of fungal biomass attained a good level of decolorization but increased the toxicity. The treatment was satisfactory in promoting the reduction of color and toxicity.

Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-11-10T16:41:38Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - José Alistor de Sousa Neto - 2016.pdf: 3187623 bytes, checksum: f99ac51c255f7fe2bb7330340f92c0e9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-11-10T16:41:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - José Alistor de Sousa Neto - 2016.pdf: 3187623 bytes, checksum: f99ac51c255f7fe2bb7330340f92c0e9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-10T16:41:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - José Alistor de Sousa Neto - 2016.pdf: 3187623 bytes, checksum: f99ac51c255f7fe2bb7330340f92c0e9 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-04-20 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Goiás - FAPEG / This work describes the development of a method in solid phase extraction for Cr (III) determination in food and environmental samples using Luffa cylindrica as bioadsorbent. In the first chapter, a characterization study to evaluate the use of Luffa cylindrica "in natura" as bioadsorbent for chromium ions (III and VI) adsorption in aqueous systems was conducted. Through characterization, specifically in relation to the determination of pH(PCZ), it became clear that the material has positively charged surface in solutions with pH below 6.0 and above this value, the surface is negatively charged. From this evidence, a study was conducted to evaluate the effect of pH solution on the chromium inorganic species adsorption has been noted that from pH = 4.0 it is possible to separate the chromium species (III and VI) and trivalent species exclusively adsorbed. Thus, we conducted several characterization tests such as Infrared Spectroscopy, X-rays Diffraction by the powder method, Elemental Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy to evaluate the physicochemical characteristics of Luffa cylindrica. The results of the kinetic study and the adsorption isotherms showed that the chromium III ions adsorption of Luffa cylindrica possibly occurs through an interaction of the chemical type. Furthermore, the parameters as stirring time and adsorbent mass were evaluated to obtain the best conditions of the adsorption process. Quantification of chromium before and after the adsorption process was performed by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. From the results, it was observed that requires 30 minutes to achieve sorption equilibrium and adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order. Study of possible interferences Ba2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ and Mn2+ ions were performed in order to observe the selectivity of the material relative to the analyte of interest. The second chapter was developed a flow method of solid phase extraction for selective extraction and determination of Cr (III) ions in food and environmental samples. Multivariate techniques were used to evaluate the chemical variables and extraction flow system: adsorbent mass, separation flow rate, concentration and volume of eluent, through a 24factorial design. The results showed that the adsorbent mass and eluent volume was significantly influence in the flow system and has been used for optimization a Doehlert design of these variables indicating optimal values as 170 mg of adsorbent mass and 1348μL eluent (HNO3 1 mol L-1). The other variables, separation flow rate and eluent concentration were maintained at the values 2 mL min-1 and 1 mol L-1, respectively. The possible presence of interfering ions, Cu2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cr6+ was studied in order to verify the selectivity of the analysis method. Through the calculated values for the interfering factor (IF) was determined good selectivity of the proposed method. The analytical performance was evaluated by the parameters, detection limit (LOD), quantification limit (LOQ), accuracy (D.P.R) and the values were 19.2 ug L-1; 63.99 ug L-1 and 0.19%, respectively, with the linear range of the method equal to 63.90 to 2000 ug L-1. Finally, the accuracy of the method was evaluated from analysis of water certificate reference material (APS-1071) and sediment (APS-1066). Recovery tests were performed on samples of water, energy and isotonic values having been found in the range from 87.60 to 107.35%. Keywords:Chromium, Luffa cylindrica, solid phase extraction. / Nesse trabalho é descrito o desenvolvimento de um método de extração em fase sólida para determinação de Cr(III) em amostras de interesse ambiental e alimentício utilizando Luffa cylindrica como bioadsorvente. No primeiro capítulo, um estudo de caracterização a fim de avaliar o uso da Luffa cylindrica “in natura” como bioadsorvente para adsorção de íons cromo III e VI em sistemas aquosos foi realizado. Através da caracterização, especificamente em relação à determinação do pH(pcz), ficou evidente que o material apresenta superfície carregada positivamente em soluções com pH abaixo de 6,0 e acima deste valor, a superfície se encontra carregada negativamente. A partir dessa evidência, foi realizado um estudo, a fim de avaliar o efeito do pH da solução na adsorção das espécies inorgânicas de cromo, tendo sido observado que a partir de pH= 4,0 é possível separar as espécies de cromo (III e VI), sendo a espécie trivalente exclusivamente adsorvida. Dessa forma, foram realizados diversos ensaios de caracterização tais como Espectroscopia de Infravermelho Médio, Difração de Raios-X pelo método do pó, Análise elementar, Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura e Espectroscopia de Energia Dispersiva a fim de avaliar as características físico-químicas da Luffa cylindrica. Os resultados do estudo cinético e das isotermas de adsorção evidenciaram que a adsorção dos íons cromo III pela Luffa cylindrica “in natura”, possivelmente, ocorre através de uma interação do tipo química. Além disso, os parâmetros tempo de agitação e massa do adsorvente foram avaliados, visando obter as melhores condições do processo de adsorção. A quantificação do teor de cromo, antes e após o processo de adsorção, foi realizada por Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica por Chama. Através dos resultados, observou-se que são necessários 30 minutos para atingir o equilíbrio da sorção e que a adsorção obedece a uma cinética de pseudo-segunda-ordem. Estudo dos possíveis interferentes Ba2+, Co2+, Cu2+, Fe3+ e Mn2+ foram realizados a fim de se observar a seletividade do material em relação ao analito de interesse. No segundo capítulo foi desenvolvido um método de extração em fase sólida em fluxo para a extração seletiva e determinação de Cr(III) em amostras de interesse alimentício e ambiental. Técnicas multivariadas foram utilizadas para avaliar as variáveis químicas e de fluxo do sistema de extração: massa do adsorvente, vazão de separação, concentração e volume do eluente, através de um planejamento fatorial 24. Os resultados apontaram que as variáveis massa do adsorvente e volume do eluente influenciam significativamente no sistema em fluxo, tendo sido utilizado um planejamento Doehlert para otimização destas variáveis, indicando como valores ótimos 170 mg de adsorvente e 1348μL de eluente (HNO3 1 mol L-1). As demais variáveis, vazão de separação e concentração do eluente foram mantidas nos valores 2 mL min-1 e 1 mol L-1, respectivamente. A presença de possíveis íons interferentes, Cu2+, Fe3+, Mn2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cr6+, foi estudada, a fim de verificar a seletividade do método de análise em fluxo. Através dos valores calculados para o fator de interferência (FI) foi determinada a boa seletividade do método proposto. O desempenho analítico foi avaliado por meio dos parâmetros, limite de detecção (LD), limite de quantificação (LQ), precisão (D.P.R) e os valores encontrados foram 19,2 μg L-1; 63,99 μg L-1 e 0,19%, respectivamente, sendo a faixa linear do método igual a 63,90 – 2000 μg L-1. Por fim, a exatidão do método foi avaliada a partir de análise de material certificado de referência de água (APS-1071) e sedimento (APS-1066). Testes de recuperação foram realizados em amostras de água, energético e isotônico, tendo sido encontrados valores na faixa de 87,60 – 107,35%. Palavras-chave: cromo, Luffa cylindrica, extração em fase sólida.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-08-09T22:54:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaKalionaraDeFreitasMota_TESE.pdf: 2448911 bytes, checksum: 324edc16514bb1c73bf850667ec692d8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-08-12T23:50:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaKalionaraDeFreitasMota_TESE.pdf: 2448911 bytes, checksum: 324edc16514bb1c73bf850667ec692d8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T23:50:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaKalionaraDeFreitasMota_TESE.pdf: 2448911 bytes, checksum: 324edc16514bb1c73bf850667ec692d8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-23 / Os materiais comp?sitos surgem da necessidade de materiais mais leves e com maiores resist?ncias mec?nica e t?rmica. As dificuldades de descarte, reciclagem ou reutiliza??o s?o hoje preocupa??es ambientais e por isso objeto de estudo de muitas pesquisas. Nessa perspectiva estudou-se a viabilidade do uso da bucha vegetal (Luffa Cylindrica) para a obten??o de um comp?sito de matriz polim?rica. Foram testadas seis configura??es/formula??es, com 4, 5 e 6 camadas tratadas e n?o tratadas. As buchas foram tratadas em ?gua fervente para retirar ligninas, ceras e impurezas presentes nas fibras, posteriormente secadas em secador solar de exposi??o direta. Para a caracteriza??o do comp?sito foram determinadas propriedades t?rmicas (condutividade, capacidade t?rmica, difusividade e resistividade), mec?nicas (tra??o e flex?o) e fisicoqu?micas (MEV, DRX, densidade, absor??o e degrada??o). Uma das vantagens do comp?sito proposto foi a baixa densidade das fibras, 066 g/cm?, quase metade da matriz de resina poli?ster, produzindo uma densidade m?dia do comp?sito em torno de 1,17g/cm?, inferior em 6,0% em rela??o a matriz. O tratamento realizado nas buchas trouxe aumento na resist?ncia mec?nica do comp?sito e diminui??o da absor??o de umidade. O comp?sito apresentou comportamento mec?nico inferior ao da resina matriz para todas as formula??es. O comp?sito tamb?m demonstrou-se vi?vel para aplica??es t?rmicas, com condutividade t?rmica inferior a 0,159 W/mk, classificando-se como um bom isolante t?rmico. Para todas as formula??es/configura??es ocorreu uma baixa ader?ncia entre fibras e matriz, com fissuras presentes, mostrando fragilidade em fun??o da baixa impregna??o da fibra pela matriz. Tal comp?sito pode ser utilizado para a fabrica??o de estruturas que n?o requeiram significativa resist?ncia mec?nica, como por exemplo, prot?tipos solares, como fornos e fog?es. / Composite materials arise from the need for lighter materials and with bigger mechanical and thermal resistance. The difficulties of discard, recycling or reuse are currently environmental concerns and, therefore, they are study object of much researches. In this perspective the feasibility of using loofahs (Luffa Cylindrica) for obtainment of a polymeric matrix composite was studied. Six formulations, with 4, 5 and 6 treated layers and untreated, were tested. The loofahs were treated in boiling water to remove lignins, waxes and impurities present in the fibers. After that, they were dried in a direct exposure solar dryer. For the characterization of the composite, thermal (thermal conductivity, thermal capacity, thermal diffusivity and thermal resistivity), mechanical (tensile and bending resistance) and physicochemical (SEM, XRD, density, absorption and degradation) properties were determined. The proposed composite has as advantage the low fiber density, which is around 0.66 g/cm? (almost half of the polyester resin matrix), resulting in an average composite density of around 1.17g/cm?, 6.0 % lower in relation to the matrix. The treatment carried out in the loofahs increased the mechanical strength of the composite and decreased the humidity absorption. The composite showed lower mechanical behavior than the matrix for all the formulations. The composite also demonstrated itself to be feasible for thermal applications, with a value of thermal conductivity of less than 0.159 W/m.K, ranking it as a good thermal insulator. For all formulations/settings a low adherence between fibers and matrix occurred, with the presence of cracks, showing the fragility due to low impregnation of the fiber by the matrix. This composite can be used to manufacture structures that do not require significant mechanical strength, such as solar prototypes, as ovens and stoves.