Nationally, 10,852 workplace amputation injuries in the US were reported in 1997. This number has been gradually decreasing over time to 9,658 amputations in 2000. In Florida, the amputation injuries have been increasing from 272 in 1997 to 417 in 2000. The reason for this increase is unclear and deserves further study. The purpose of a portion of this study was to examine the Federal and Florida BLS data to determine the characteristics of the typical worker with an amputation injury. A worker with an amputation injury was most likely to be a white male between the ages of 35 and 44 with 1 to 5 years of employment. The amputated part was usually a finger which was injured in a machinery source. The purpose of the self-designed survey was to determine if there were any differences in the amputation prevention strategies between companies with and without amputation injuries. The survey also attempted to uncover any changes made to the safety training program after an amputation injury occurred. Using the Florida workers compensation data, surveys were sent to all companies with amputation injuries for the years 1999, 2000, and 2001. An equal number of surveys were sent to companies without amputation injuries during the same years of interest. A total of 840 surveys were mailed out. 146 were returned as undeliverable. 35 surveys were returned in the amputation group and 35 surveys were returned in the control group. All SIC codes were represented except mining. In the amputation group during the years investigated, 15 out of 35 (42.9%) companies claimed amputation injuries and 20 (57%) companies did not. The true error rate for the workers compensation data was a 13% misclassification of amputation injuries into that category. Comparison of the prevention strategies between the amputation and control groups revealed no significant differences. Of the companies claiming amputation injuries, 8 out of 15 (53%) made no changes to their safety training program after the injury occurred. Proactive techniques and global changes in safety culture mindset will be necessary before major reductions in amputation injuries can occur.

Les concepteurs de machines de production doivent prendre en consideration les differents aspects des produits tels que la technologie, la legislation et la securite professionnelle. la directive europeenne 2006/42/ce definie les principes de prevention des risques professionnels. destinee aux concepteurs de machines, son objectif est d’imposer la necessite d’obtenir le niveau de risque le plus faible possible selon l’etat de l’art. bien que les concepteurs de machines catalogues ont acces a des normes specifiques pour realiser les analyses a priori, ce n’est pas le cas pour les concepteurs de machines speciales. une approche originale appelee ezid est presentee dans ce papier pour aider tous les concepteurs de machine pour l’identification des phenomenes dangereux.basee sur le fait que les phenomenes dangereux sont lies a la presence d’energie, ezid les identifie au travers de la detection des parametres de conception lies aux sources et flux d’energie. elle renvoie ensuite de maniere organisee les informations relatives a tous les echanges d’energie potentiels entre les operateurs et la machine aux concepteurs, mettant en lumiere le besoin d’ajouter des solutions pour la prevention des risques. / Machine designers must take into account different aspects of products such as technology, legislation and occupational safety. european directive 2006/42/ce promulgates machine safety design principles to prevent occupational risks. aimed at machine designers, its objective is to set out the need to obtain the lowest possible risk level according to the state of the art. although the designers of catalog machines have access to specific standards to perform a priori risk analyses, this is not the case for special machine designers. an original approach called ezid is presented in this report to help all machine designers in the task of hazard identification.based on the fact that hazards are linked to the presence of energies, ezid identifies hazards through the detection of design parameters linked to energy sources and flows. it then feeds back organized information to designers on every potential exchange of energy between the machine and its operators, bringing to light the need to add risk prevention solutions.

No description available.

Provning och validering av säkerhetsfunktioner sker regelmässigt när en maskin tas i drift. Provning och validering sker i mindre omfattning senare i en maskins livscykel. Dokumentationen av sådan provning är även den mindre i omfattning senare i livscykeln. Mycket av arbetet runt maskinsäkerhet är fokuserat på riskanalyser och framtagning av SIL- eller PL-klass. Mindre vikt fästs vid att kontrollera om säkerhetssystemet faktiskt fungerar som tänkt. ABB Motion service är serviceorganisation för ABB:s drivsystem som främst sysslar med frekvensomriktare och strömriktare. ABB Motion service erbjuder ett antal tjänster kopplade till drivsystem som till exempel innefattar olika typer mätningar, analyser och förebyggande underhåll på drivsystem ute i kundernas anläggningar. Tillståndskontroller är något som ABB Motion service utför dagligen så därför finns det intresse av att undersöka hur en tjänst för tillståndskontroll avseende maskinsäkerhet kan utformas samt att undersöka om det finns ett intresse och behov av en sådan tjänst ute bland kunderna. En enkät skickades ut till sexton stycken utvalda personer som i sitt arbete på olika sätt sysslar med maskinsäkerhet. Det kan vara i form av produktion, underhåll eller att ta fram lösningar vid modernisering. Elva av de tillfrågade svarade inom en vecka och svaren har sammanställts i den här rapporten. Sammanställningen visar på en skillnad i hur arbetet gällande maskinsäkerhet bedrivs mellan maskiner med tydliga krav på regelbunden service och besiktning som kranar och hissar respektive andra typer av maskiner. I det andra fallet protokollförs inte den provning som utförs alltid på ett fullständigt sätt. Man nöjer sig då med att avrapportera att en färdig instruktion har följts. Arbetsmiljöverket efterfrågar dokument arbetsgivaren som ska ha i sitt arbetsmiljöarbete vid inspektioner. Sådana dokument kan vara protokoll från provning. En avrapportering att en instruktion har följts går inte att likställa med ett punktvis protokoll med signatur och datum på respektive punkt. Den exakta juridiken där emellan har inte undersökts. En beskrivning av tjänsten har tagits fram. Denna tillsammans med svaren på ett antal frågor ligger till grund för ett fortsatt arbete med att färdigställa tjänsten som en produkt som går att erbjuda. / Testing and validation of safety functions occur regularly when a machine is put into operation. Testing and validation take place to a lesser extent later in the life cycle of a machine. The documentation of such testing is also smaller in scope later in the life cycle. Much of the work regarding machine safety is focused on risk analyzes and development of SIL or PL class. There is less importance attached to check wether the safety system actually works as intended. ABB Motion service is a service organization for ABB:s drive system, which mainly deals with drives and inverters. ABB Motion service offers a number of services connected to drive systems, which include, different types of measurements, analyzes and preventative maintenance of drive systems in customers' facilities. Checking the state of drive systems are something that ABB Motion service performs daily, so there is an interest in examining how a service regarding machine safety can be designed and to investigate whether there is an interest and need for such a service among customers. A questionnaire was sent to sixteen selected people who in their work in various ways deal with machine safety. It can be in the form of production, maintenance or developing solutions for modernization. Eleven of the respondents responded within a week and the responses were compiled in this report. The compilation shows a difference in how the work on machine safety is conducted between machines with clear requirements for regular service and inspection such as cranes and elevators and other types of machines. In the second case, the performed testing is not recorded and documented in full. The only record of testing states that an instruction has been followed. The Swedish Work Swedish Environment Authority requests documents that the employer must have in their work environment work during inspections. Such documents may be records from testing. Reporting that an instruction has been followed cannot be equated with a point-by-point protocol with signature and date at each point. The exact law regarding the difference has not been investigated. A description of the service has been prepared. The description and also clarifying a number of raised questions, forms the basis for continued work on completing the service as a product that can be offered.

The thesis deals with the issue of the formulation of new requirements to the development of new product with regard to the development of carbon-free economy and product safety improvement. The first part of the thesis describes the state of art of science and technique in the field of process management and the life cycle of a machine tool with emphasis placed on the machine tool development. The second part of the thesis includes a research of legislative requirements concerning machine safety and environmental aspects of the design of the machine to be manufactured. The practical part focuses on an analysis of key processes of the company with emphasis placed on safety and environmental friendly design processes with suggestions concerning improvement of processes with implemented sub-processes necessary for the identification and verification of safety. The thesis describes method implementation of ecodesign processes, which are presented on processes of company and demonstrated on product of drill. The thesis has practical implications for the introduction of automated sub-process of the identification and verification of safety requirements and integration of product development process in realization of ecodesign to company’s products.

The thesis deals with the issue of the formulation of new requirements to the development of new product with regard to the development of carbon-free economy and product safety improvement. The first part of the thesis describes the state of art of science and technique in the field of process management and the life cycle of a machine tool with emphasis placed on the machine tool development together with requirements and recommendations of ISO 9001:2016 – Quality Management Systems – Requirements. The second part of the thesis includes a research of legislative requirements concerning machine safety and environmental aspects of the design of the machine to be manufactured. The practical part focuses on an analysis of key processes of the company of TOS KUŘIM – OS, a.s. with emphasis placed on safety and environmental friendly design processes with suggestions concerning improvement of processes with implemented sub-processes necessary for the identification and verification of safety. A sub-process that allows for the manufacture of machines able to meet requirements of environmental friendly design is implemented to the processes. The thesis has practical implications for the introduction of automated sub-process of the identification and verification of safety requirements and implementation of the product development in the framework of future environmental friendly design development requirements to the products of TOS KUŘIM – OS, a.s.

Hitachi Energy Power transformers in Ludvika wants to investigate the possibilities of developing a cutting tool to streamline one of the many processes for fabrication of windings in transformers. This thesis work at Uppsala University, which has been going on for ten weeks, has thus investigated the possibilities for a cutting tool by studying the basic necessary theories and user requirements that have consequently resulted in the generation of a proposed solution. User requirements were formulated through collection of data in the form of interviews, a questionnaire,and a literature study. Based on the collected user requirements, concepts have been generated for cutting mechanisms, followed by a concept screening for the reason of presenting a concept selection. The remaining problem statements were answered through thematic analysis of all collected information and balancing of developed user requirements. The design of a proposed solution has been done in 3D CAD with a focus on a solution-independent design This study showed that an electric battery-powered and hand-held tool with a focus on user-friendliness is advantageous for the intended application. Theoretically, the tool will improve user safety and time-consuming manual work will be minimized while reducing the risk of accidents. A theoretically functional proposed solution with a basis for all design choices has been presented to act as a basis for continued work. This study has been the first of its kind for this specific area and has thus left much room for further development, but at the same time provided a collection of information that contributes to the possible realization of a cutting tool.

Många arbetsrelaterade olyckor sker av att säkerhet kring att LOTO-principen är undermålig och att maskiners rörliga delar är lätt att komma åt. Vid konstruktion av en maskin är det viktigt att ta hänsyn till maskinens farliga upphov. För att konstruera bort detta är det viktigt redan på ett konstruktionsstadie att identifiera och bygga bort dessa områden med till exempel ett maskinskydd kring maskiner. Tillträdesplatser måste vara noga övervakad för att det ska vara en säker användning av maskin enligt maskindirektivet 2006/42/EG. I denna rapport har säkerhet såväl som kostnader setts över för en befintlig förreglingsbrytare på tillträdesplatser för en balningslinje och undersökt om kostnader kan minskas med föreslagen PROFInet baserat förreglingsbrytare. Den harmoniserade standarden EN ISO 13849-1:2016 tar upp ett sätt för att utvärdera säkerheten kring en maskins styrsystem allt utvärderas efter begreppet PL, Performance Level. För att räkna ut PL vid säkerhetsjämförelse användes SiSteMa och för att räkna ut kostnaden av dem olika alternativen emellan har en intervju kring kostnader gjorts och presenterats som en kvot. Säkerhetsjämförelse visar att PLd är bibehållen. Kostnadsjämförelsen visar att den föreslagna lösningen är dyrare än den befintliga men att en undermålig prisuppskattning kan ligga bakom detta. En aspekt av den nya förreglingsbrytaren som inte sågs över i rapporten men värt att nämna i slutsatsen kring säkerhets- och kostnadsjämförelse är att det föreslagna förreglingsbrytaren med PROFInet är en flexibel lösning med enkel felsökning. Framtida arbeten kring säkerhet vid balningslinje hade varit att titta på resterande tillträdesplatser som övervakas av ljusbomar och se om kostnader går att få ner där. / Many work-related accidents occur because safety around the LOTO principle is substandard and that the moving parts of machines are easy to access. When designing a machine, it is important to consider the machine's dangerous origin. To design this, it is important to identify and build these areas already at a design stage with, for example, a fence around machines. Access places must be carefully monitored for safe machine use according to the Machinery Directive 2006/42 / EC. In this report, safety as well as costs have been considered to an existing guard lock on access places for a baling line and examined whether costs can be reduced with the proposed PROFInet based guard lock. The harmonized standard EN ISO 13849-1: 2016 addresses one way of evaluating the safety of a machine's control system, all being evaluated according to the concept of PL, Performance Level. To calculate PL when comparing safety, SiSteMa was used and to calculate the cost of their different alternatives, an interview on costs has been made and presented as a quota. Safety comparison shows that PLd is retained. The cost comparison shows that the proposed solution is more expensive than the existing solution, but that a substandard price estimate may be behind this. One aspect of the new guard lock that was not seen in the report but worth mentioning in the conclusion about safety and cost comparison is that the proposed guard lock with PROFInet is a flexible solution with simple troubleshooting. Future work on safety at baling line would have been to look at remaining access places that are monitored by light curtains and see if costs can be reduced there.

Title from PDF of title page. / Document formatted into pages; contains 76 pages. / Thesis (M.S.P.H.)--University of South Florida, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references. / Text (Electronic thesis) in PDF format. / ABSTRACT: Nationally, 10,852 workplace amputation injuries in the US were reported in 1997. This number has been gradually decreasing over time to 9,658 amputations in 2000. In Florida, the amputation injuries have been increasing from 272 in 1997 to 417 in 2000. The reason for this increase is unclear and deserves further study. The purpose of a portion of this study was to examine the Federal and Florida BLS data to determine the characteristics of the typical worker with an amputation injury. A worker with an amputation injury was most likely to be a white male between the ages of 35 and 44 with 1 to 5 years of employment. The amputated part was usually a finger which was injured in a machinery source. The purpose of the self-designed survey was to determine if there were any differences in the amputation prevention strategies between companies with and without amputation injuries. / ABSTRACT: The survey also attempted to uncover any changes made to the safety training program after an amputation injury occurred. Using the Florida workers compensation data, surveys were sent to all companies with amputation injuries for the years 1999, 2000, and 2001. An equal number of surveys were sent to companies without amputation injuries during the same years of interest. A total of 840 surveys were mailed out. 146 were returned as undeliverable. 35 surveys were returned in the amputation group and 35 surveys were returned in the control group. All SIC codes were represented except mining. In the amputation group during the years investigated, 15 out of 35 (42.9%) companies claimed amputation injuries and 20 (57%) companies did not. The true error rate for the workers compensation data was a 13% misclassification of amputation injuries into that category. / ABSTRACT: Comparison of the prevention strategies between the amputation and control groups revealed no significant differences. Of the companies claiming amputation injuries, 8 out of 15 (53%) made no changes to their safety training program after the injury occurred. Proactive techniques and global changes in safety culture mindset will be necessary before major reductions in amputation injuries can occur. / System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader. / Mode of access: World Wide Web.

Construction machines use quick couplers to rapidly change the attached tool. The gear lets the machine operator control the hooking and unhooking of the tool from inside of the cabin. This saves time and makes construction work much easier for the workers. The quick coupler is most commonly used on excavators, placed at the outer end of the excavator arm. The tool which the quick coupler connects to needs to have an adapter welded on it for the coupling process to work. Both quick coupler and adapter are equipped with hydraulic quick couplings, the female halves in the quick coupler and the male halves in the adapter. They connect the distribution of hydraulic fluid from the machine to the tool. This master thesis, in industrial design engineering, is focusing on developing a test equipment that can ensure the quality of hydraulic quick couplings. The project is done in collaboration with the company Steelwrist, which requests that the equipment can detect if the couplings are leaking, in both connected and unconnected state, as well as, measuring the internal friction and spring forces that occur during the connection and disconnection.  The project was carried out through a design process with four phases, inspired by ‘the double diamond process’. The used process consists of three sessions of diverging and converging in the form of first widely exploring followed by taking focused actions. The focus in the first phase was to discover information about safety, quality, measurements and instruments, along with conducting interviews and observations in order to understand the current state at the company. In the second phase was the specification and workflow of the new test equipment defined. In the following phase the development of the test equipment started. First by generating hundreds of potential solutions to partial functions, which could be divided into five concepts that were parallely developed and evaluated. In the last phase was the best of the five concepts finalized and constructed in CAD, in order to deliver models and drawings on the final design.  The main focus in the developing and evaluating process has been to create a as safe product as possible. The positions needed to be performed by the operator were extensively investigated and the ergonomics were highly prioritized. Another important factor was the simplicity of the machine components of the test equipment. The project resulted in a complete solution for a new testing station, consisting of storage for adapters, spare parts and documents, along with the test equipment in the shape of a floor standing machine. The test equipment seals the hydraulic quick coupling half, which is meant to be tested, towards an adapter with a pneumatic cylinder. A servo motor then moves the opposite quick coupling half in order to enable the connection and disconnection. The last mentioned coupling half is attached to a load cell which measures the force. The existing leak detection instrument is connected to the test equipment in order to fill the test object with air in the different states. / Byggmaskiner använder snabbfästen för att snabbt byta det fastsittande verktyget. Redskapet låter maskinföraren styra på- och avkopplingen av verktyget från insidan av hytten. Detta sparar tid och gör konstruktionsarbetet mycket enklare för dem som jobbar. Snabbfästet används oftast på grävmaskiner, placerade längst ut på grävmaskinsarmen. Verktyget som snabbfästet ansluter till måste vara utrustad med en fastsvetsad grind för att kopplingsprocessen ska fungera. Både snabbfästet och grinden är utrustade med hydrauliska snabbkopplingar, honhalvorna i snabbfästet och hanhalvorna i grinden. De ansluter hydrauliken från maskinen till verktyget. Detta examensarbete inom teknisk design fokuserar på att utveckla en testutrustning som kan säkerställa kvaliteten på hydrauliska snabbkopplingar. Projektet utförs i samarbete med företaget Steelwrist, som begär att utrustningen ska upptäcka läckage i kopplingarna, både i anslutet och ej anslutet tillstånd, samt att mäta de interna friktion- och fjäderkrafter som uppstår under anslutning och frånkoppling. Projektet bestod av fyra faser, inspirerad av design processen 'the double diamond process'. De fyra faserna omfattar totalt tre sekvenser innehållande en divergerande del och sedan en konvergerande del i form av att först utforska brett, följt av att smalna av med mer fokuserat besluttagande. Fokus i den första fasen var att ta reda på information om säkerhet, kvalitet, mätningar och instrument, tillsammans med intervjuer och observationer för att förstå det aktuella tillståndet på företaget. I den andra fasen definierades specifikationer och arbetsflödet för den nya testutrustningen. I följande fas inleddes utvecklingen av testutrustningen. Först genom att generera hundratals potentiella lösningar på delfunktioner, som sedan kunde delas in i fem koncept som parallellt utvecklades och utvärderades. I den sista fasen färdigställdes det bästa av de fem koncepten och konstruerades i CAD så modeller och ritningar på den slutliga designen kunde levereras. Huvudfokuset i utvecklings- och utvärderingsprocessen har varit att skapa en så säker produkt som möjligt. De positioner som utförs av operatören undersöktes grundligt och ergonomin prioriterades högt. En annan viktig faktor var enkelheten i testutrustningens olika komponenter. Projektet resulterade i en komplett lösning för en ny teststation, bestående av lager för adaptrar, reservdelar och dokument, tillsammans med testutrustningen i form av en markplacerad maskin. Testutrustningen försluter den hydrauliska snabbkopplingshalvan, som är tänkt att testas, mot en adapter med en pneumatisk cylinder. En servomotor flyttar sedan motsatt snabbkopplingshalva för att möjliggöra anslutning och frånkoppling. Den sistnämnda kopplingshalvan är fäst på en lastcell som mäter krafterna som uppstår. Det befintliga läckagedetekteringsinstrumentet är anslutet till testutrustningen för att fylla testobjektet med luft i dem olika tillstånden.