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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
91

Produção e nutrição de pepino-enxertado e não enxertado em ambiente com nematoides-das-galhas /

Salata, Ariane da Cunha, 1979- January 2010 (has links)
Resumo: A enxertia é uma técnica frequentemente recomendada para a cultura do pepino em áreas infestadas com nematoides das galhas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a produção de pepineiro enxertado em solo infestado com Meloidogyne incognita raça 2 ou com M. javanica. Foram avaliados nove tratamentos (fatorial 3x3: pepino híbrido Tsuyataro pé-franco, enxertado na abóbora híbrida Shelper e enxertado em abóbora híbrida Excitte Ikki x sem inoculação, inoculação com M. incognita e inoculação com M. javanica), no delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e seis plantas por parcela. As características avaliadas foram em relação ao crescimento vegetativo, nutrição das plantas, produção dos frutos e aos nematoides. Os teores de nutrientes avaliados não diferiram em função das espécies de nematoides (com ou sem inoculação), porém houve diferença em relação aos porta-enxertos, com maiores valores de fósforo nas plantas enxertadas e magnésio no pé-franco. Para as características de produção de frutos avaliadas não foi obtida interação entre os fatores. Obteve-se maior produção de frutos em plantas enxertadas sobre a abóbora 'Shelper', independentemente da espécie de nematoide, enquanto que a enxertia sobre 'Excitte Ikki' não diferiu do pé-franco para produção total. Ambas as espécies de nematoide reduziram a produção de frutos, porém este efeito foi mais pronunciado com a M. javanica. Tanto o pepino pé-franco como as plantas enxertadas foram suscetíveis, pois permitiram a multiplicação dos nematoides, com fator de reprodução, em avaliação realizada aos 72 dias após a inoculação, variando de 3,57 a 15,04, sendo este valor maior no pepino pé-franco inoculado com M. javanica / Abstract: Grafting is a technique often recommended for cucumber culture in root-knot nematodes infested areas. This study aimed to study yield of cucumber grafted in infected soil with Meloidogyne javanica or with M. incognita race 2. Nine treatments (factorial 3x3: Japanese cucumber hybrid Tsuyataro without grafting, grafted on squash hybrid Shelper and grafted on squash hybrid Excitte Ikki x without nematode inoculation, inoculated with M. incognita and inoculated with M. javanica) were evaluated in a randomized blocks design, with four repetitions and six plants per plot. The evaluated characteristics were in relation to vegetative growth, plant nutrition, fruit yield and nematodes. The nutrient levels evaluated did not differ between nematode species (inoculated and not inoculated), but there was a difference from the rootstock, with higher values for phosphorus in plant grafted and magnesium in non grafted. There was no interaction between factors for yield evaluated characteristics (total and commercial fruit yield). Greater fruit yield was obtained in cucumber grafted on 'Shelper', for both nematode species, while cucumber grafted on 'Excitte Ikki' did not differ from non grafted plants for total fruit weight. Both nematode species reduced fruit yield, but inoculation with M. javanica resulted greater reduction. Grafted and non grafted plants were susceptible, because they enabled the multiplication of nematodes, with a reproduction factor, in evaluation made 72 days after inoculation, ranging from 3.57 to 15.04, with the highest value in cucumber not grafted inoculated with M. javanica / Orientador: Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso / Coorientador: Sívia Renata S. Wilcken / Banca: Roberto Lyra Villas Bôas / Banca: Mario Massayuki Inomoto / Banca: Leila Trevizan Braz / Banca: Amanda Regina Godoy / Doutor
92

Envolvimento da proteína, carboidrato, lipídio e selênio sobre as alterações metabólicas e bioquímicas em frangos submetidos ao calor /

Hada, Fabricio Hirota. January 2008 (has links)
Resumo: O objetivo do trabalho foi averiguar quais seriam as possíveis alterações metabólicas e bioquímicas, principalmente relacionadas à capacidade antioxidante muscular, quando frangos de corte são submetidos a diferentes alterações nos macronutrientes e da adição do selênio na dieta, bem como o desempenho de frangos de corte ao serem submetidas ao estresse térmico de calor de forma aguda. Foram utilizados pintos de corte de um dia de idade, criados até o 7º dia com dieta comercial, no 8° dia as aves foram submetidas às dietas experimentais. A alteração realizada na proteína causou maior influência sobre o desempenho e nos cortes comerciais, quando comparados com as alterações no carboidrato e lipídeo. A adição de selênio influenciou positivamente a viabilidade criatória em aves arraçoadas com baixa proteína, porém não influenciou o rendimento de carcaça, peito, coxa+sobre-coxa. Estas alterações causam alterações metabólicas e bioquímicas nos frangos, sendo que o nível protéico causou grande impacto sobre os níveis de triglicérides e ácido úrico. Frangos submetidos a estresse por calor apresentaram alterações nas concentrações dos metabólitos plasmáticos, e na atividade da catalase em aves arraçoadas com diferentes alterações na dieta. A adição de selênio não influenciou os parâmetros sanguíneos dos 14 aos 42 dias de idade, porém houve influência no ácido úrico aos 28 dias, triglicérides, ácido úrico e CK aos 35 dias e para glicose aos 42 dias quando as aves foram submetidas a estresse por calor. Mas não houve efeito sobre a catalase, superóxido dismutase e glutationa peroxidase, mas observou-se influência sobre o TBARS. / Abstract: The objective of the work was to check out which would be the possible metabolic and biochemical alterations, mainly those concerning the muscular anti-oxidant capacity as a broiler chicken is submitted to different changes in the nutrients, and the addition of selenium in the diet, as well as the performance of the broiler chicken being submitted to an acute heating stress. It was used broilers with one day of life, raised up to their seventh day with a conventional diet at the eight; the birds were submitted to experimental diets. The change brought about in protein impacted somewhat the performance and the commercial cuts, if compared with the alterations in the carbohydrate and lipids. The selenium addition influenced positively the breeding viability in birds feed with low protein, however the influences over the carcass yield, trunk and legs were not significant. This different changes gave rise to both metabolic and biochemical in broiler. The protein levels offered great impact on the levels of uric acid, triglycerides. Broilers submitted to stress due to heat presented alterations in the concentrations of the plasmatic metabolites, and also in the catalase in birds fed with different alterations in their diets. The addition of the selenium didn't influence the sanguineous parameters from the 14th to the 42nd days of age. However, there was a change in the uric acid at the 28 days, triglycerides, uric acid and CK at the 35th days. As to the glucose, at the 42nd days as the birds were stressed by the heat. However did not alter the catalase enzymes, superóxide dismutase and glutationa peroxidase but an influence was held once the TBARS. / Orientadora: Vera Maria Barbosa de Moraes / Coorientador: Ramon Diniz Malheiros / Banca: Renato Luis Furlan / Banca: Luciana Thie Seki Dias / Mestre
93

Fósforo e potássio associados a enxofre, boro e zinco na adubação de formação de capim-marandu

Barreto, Ivan January 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Reges Heinrichs / Resumo: A pecuária no Brasil está baseada no potencial de produção de forragens, sendo a pastagem a fonte de alimento mais usada e econômica. No entanto, aumentar os índices de produção de forragem consiste no manejo adequado da pastagem, especialmente com adubação equilibrada de macro e micronutrientes. Com o objetivo de avaliar fósforo e potássio associados a enxofre, boro e zinco na adubação de formação de pastagem de Urochloa brizantha cultivar Marandu, foi conduzido um experimento em Argissolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico, na área experimental da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Tecnológicas, UNESP, Campus de Dracena. O delineamento experimental foi em bloco casualizados, com quatro repetições. Em todos os tratamentos foram aplicados 120 kg ha-1 de N, na forma de nitrato de amônio, a qual foi dividida em quatro doses iguais, na semeadura e após os três cortes subsequentes. Os tratamentos foram os seguintes: T1) Controle - sem adubação, exceto N; T2) PK via fosfato monoamônio (MAP) e cloreto de potássio (KCl); T3) PKS via superfosfato simples (SS) e KCl; T4) PKS via S15 e KCl; T5) PKSB via S15 e KB; T6) PKSZn via SZ e KCl; T7) PKSBZn via SZ e KB; T8) PKSBZn via SZ, KB e Oxisulfato Zn. Nos tratamentos com PK foi aplicada a dose de 80 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e 50 kg ha-1 de K2O, respectivamente. As doses de enxofre, boro e zinco foram proporcionais a concentração na formulação de cada fertilizante, exceto o tratamento oito no qual foi acrescido o oxisulfato de Zn para fornecer o dobro do mi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre
94

Atividade antibacteriana e características químicas e fitoquímicas de Talinum paniculatum (jacq.) gaertn. (major-gomes) / Antibacterial activity and chemical and phytochemical characteristics of Talinum paniculatum (JACQ.) gaertn. (Major-Gomes)

Vieira, Aline Campos January 2014 (has links)
As plantas alimentícias são definidas como plantas que têm uma ou mais partes ou produtos que podem ser empregados na alimentação das pessoas. As espécies comestíveis que não são frequentemente utilizadas, são denominadas plantas alimentícias não convencionais (PANC). A espécie Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. (Major-Gomes) é considerada uma excelente hortaliça, além de todas as partes da planta serem utilizadas na medicina caseira. Foram realizados testes para avaliar a intensidade de Atividade de Inibição Bacteriana/Bacteriostasia (IINIB) e Intensidade de Atividade de Inativação Bacteriana/Bactericidia (IINAB) do extrato alcoólico de folhas e ramos de Talinum paniculatum utilizados juntos, acessada na cidade de Porto Alegre/RS, sobre os microrganismos padrões ATCC: Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229), Salmonella Enteritidis (ATCC 13076) e Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). Também foram realizados testes com as folhas e os ramos de Talinum paniculatum utilizados juntos, para determinar e quantificar: a composição centesimal (umidade, cinzas, carboidratos, proteínas, lipídeos e fibra bruta), em base seca e úmida; minerais em base seca, e polifenóis totais e vitamina C da planta logo após a colheita. Quanto à IINAB, a bactéria mais resistente, foi a Gram-positiva Enterococcus faecalis e a mais sensível foi a Gram-negativa Salmonella Enteritidis. Com relação à IINIB, a bactéria mais resistente, foi a Gram-positiva Staphylococcus aureus e a mais sensível foi a Gram-positiva Enterococcus faecalis. Tanto para IINAB quanto para IINIBI houve diferença significativa entre as bactérias testadas e as concentrações do extrato. Os resultados da composição química de Talinum paniculatum, indicam que esta espécie pode representar um complemento para a alimentação dos seres humanos e fornecer teores consideráveis de macronutrientes e micronutrientes, além de contribuir com o consumo de substâncias bioativas, como a vitamina C, que em 100g de amostra representou mais da metade da ingestão diária recomendada. / The food plants are defined as plants that have one or more parts or products that can be used to feed people. Edible species that are not often used are called unconventional food plants. The species Talinum paniculatum (Jacq.) Gaertn. (Major-Gomes) is an excellent vegetable, and all parts of the plant are used in homemade medicine. Tests were performed to evaluate the intensity of bacterial inhibition activity (IINIB) and the intensity of bacterial inactivation activity (IINAB) of alcoholic extract of stalks and leaves of Talinum paniculatum used together, from Porto Alegre/ RS, confronted with standard inoculum: Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 19433), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229), Salmonella Enteritidis (ATCC 13076 ) e Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923). Tests were also conducted with stalks and leaves of Talinum paniculatum used together to determine and quantify: proximal composition (moisture content, ashes content, proteins, lipids and crude fiber, in dry and wet basis; minerals in dry basis and total polyphenols and vitamin C of stalks and leaves of plant soon after harvest. As for IINAB, the Gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis was the most resistant and the Gram-negative bacteria Salmonella Enteritidis was the most sensitive. With relation to IINIB, the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus was the most resistant and the Gram-positive bacteria Enterococcus faecalis was the most sensitive. For IINAB and IINIB there was a significant difference between the tested bacteria and concentrations of the extract. The results of the chemical composition of Talinum paniculatum indicate that the species can be a food supplement for human beings and can provide considerable levels of macronutrients and micronutrients, furthermore contribute to the consumption of bioactive substances, such as vitamin C that in 100g sample represented more than half of the recommended daily intake.
95

Lixiviação de nutrientes em lisímetros de drenagem na presença de polímero hidroabsorvente. / Leaching of nutrients in drainage of lisímeter with application of hydrogel polymer

MELO, Márcio Roberto da Silva 20 April 2007 (has links)
Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-10-10T17:56:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Roberto da Silva Melo.pdf: 2213117 bytes, checksum: 980a1a01e081541cb4c20618655c7d2b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-10T17:56:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Roberto da Silva Melo.pdf: 2213117 bytes, checksum: 980a1a01e081541cb4c20618655c7d2b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-04-20 / The objective of the present work was to evaluate the leaching of nutrients applied in soils in coriander cultivations, in conditions drainage of lisimeter, by utilizing a hidrogel polymer named Hidratassolo®. The study was done in an experimental station built in the Tecnologia Rural Department of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, located in the municipal district of Recife–PE during february to march 2006. The coriander cultivation was grown in a field atmosphere, with two irrigation levels related to estimated evapotranspiration (Tank Class "A" method 0.6.ETo and 1.20.ETo in mm), applied on two day irrigation frequencies, and five hidratassolo doses (0; 4; 8; 12 and 16 dg.kg-1). The experiment design consisted of randomized blocks in split-plots, with simple regression analysis. The characteristics appraised were pH, the electric conductivity (CE), measured in (dS.m-1), and the leached nutrients: calcium (Ca2+), magnesium (Mg2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), in (mmolc dm-3), and the drained (VAD), evaluated volume of water in the diverse hidrics balance (T), to the long one of the period of cultivations. With the increasing of the biggest blade the levels of hidratassolo had linearly reduced the concentrations of calcium, magnesium, potassium and the electric conductivity while that it linearly raised the sodium concentration and the value of pH of the effluent. Besides, the use of the lesser blade linearly raised the concentrations of potassium, calcium, magnesium and the electric conductivity, and reduced the sodium concentration and the value of pH of the drained material. With relation to the effect of the treatments to the long one of the time, the studied levels of blades had increased the concentration of sodium, potassium and the value of pH and had reduced the concentration of calcium, magnesiumand the electric conductivity, in the drained material, inside of the levelsof hidratassolo. / O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a lixiviação de nutrientes aplicados em material de solo cultivado com coentro na presença de um polímero hidroabsorvente denominado de Hidratassolo®. O estudo foi conduzido na estação lisimétrica do Departamento de Tecnologia Rural da Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, localizada no município de Recife – PE, no período de 06 de fevereiro a 24 de março de 2006. Os fatores estudados foram duas lâminas de irrigação, obtidas com base na evapotranspiração estimada pelo método do tanque Classe “A” (0,6.ETo e 1,20.ETo em mm), aplicadas com freqüência de irrigação de dois dias; e cinco doses de hidratassolo (0; 4; 8; 12 e 16 dg kg-1), em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em parcelas sub-divididas, com análise de regressão simples. As características avaliadas foram o pH, a condutividade elétrica (CE), medidos em (dS m-1), e a concentração dos nutrientes lixiviados: cálcio (Ca2+), magnésio (Mg2+), sódio (Na+), potássio (K+), em (mmolc dm-3), e o volume de água drenado (VAD), em litro (L), avaliado nas épocas de balanços hídricos (T), ao longo do período de cultivo. Com o emprego da maior lâmina os níveis de hidratassolo reduziram linearmente as concentrações de cálcio, magnésio, potássio e a condutividade elétrica enquanto que elevou linearmente a concentração de sódio e o valor do pH do efluente. Por outro lado, o uso da menor lâmina elevou linearmente as concentrações de potássio, cálcio, magnésio e a condutividade elétrica, e reduziu a concentração de sódio e o valor do pH do material drenado. Com relação ao efeito dos tratamentos ao longo do tempo, os níveis de lâminas estudados aumentaram a concentração de sódio, potássio e o valor de pH e reduziram a concentração de cálcio, magnésio e acondutividade elétrica, no material drenado, dentro dos níveis de hidratassolo.
96

Crescimento inicial de plantas de camu-camu sob fertirrigação com nitrogênio e potássio em condições de terra firme / Early growth of camu-camu plants under fertigation with nitrogen and potassium under solid ground conditions

Carlos Abanto Rodriguez 02 March 2014 (has links)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Uma das tendências do mundo moderno é a orientação ao consumo de produtos naturais com alto valor nutritivo e vitamínico. O camu-camu é uma fruteira nativa da Amazônia, que chama a atenção pelo alto conteúdo de vitamina C (até 6.116 mg/100 g de polpa). Esta espécie está em processo de domesticação, pelo qual ainda, não se dispõe de informações técnicas sobre o manejo agronômico em terra firme, nos primeiros anos de cultivo. Assim, objetivou-se determinar o efeito do nitrogênio e potássio aplicados por nove meses via fertirrigação no crescimento inicial de plantas de camu-camu irrigadas em condições de terra firme durante (janeiro-setembro, 2013). Para tal, foram realizados dois experimentos: o primeiro consistiu na aplicação de cinco doses de nitrogênio: 0; 40; 80; 120; 160 kg ha-1; e no segundo, foram testadas cinco doses de potássio: 0; 40; 80; 120; 160 kg ha-1. Os delineamentos utilizados foram em blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas no tempo para as variáveis: altura (cm), diâmetro do coleto (mm) avaliados a cada 30 dias; número e comprimento total de ramos avaliados a cada 90 dias (cm) e blocos casualizados simples para o teor de clorofila a, massa seca (g) das folhas, dos ramos, das raízes, massa seca total (g), índice de qualidade de Dickson (IQD), teor e acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes avaliados ao final dos experimentos. Diante dos resultados, verificou-se que a fertilização nitrogenada e potássica aplicada via fertirrigação ocasionaram maior qualidade das plantas de camu-camu na dose aproximada de 128 kg ha-1 de N e 160 kg ha-1 de K. A fertilização nitrogenada aumentou os teores de N, K e Ca e reduziu os teores de B e Mn e a fertilização potássica elevou os teores de N, K e S e reduziu os teores de Ca, Mg, B e Mn nas folhas de camu-camu. Considerando as partes da planta, o maior acúmulo de nutrientes foi verificado na parte aérea (ramos e folhas) para N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B e Mn, e para as raízes foi Fe, Cu e Zn em função das doses crescentes de N e K. / One of the trends of the present world is the orientation to the consumption of natural products with a high nutritive and vitamin value. The camu-camu is a fruit-bearing tree native to the Amazon rainforest, which calls the attention for its high vitamin C content (up to 6,116 mg/100 g of pulp). This species is in domestication process; for this reason, technical information about the agronomical management on firm earth in the early years of cultivation is not available. So, it was aimed to determine the effect of both nitrogen and potassium applied for nine months via fertigation on the early growth of camu-camu plants irrigated under firm earth conditions (January-September, 2013). For such a purpose, two experiments were carried out: the former consisted in the application of five doses of nitrogen: 0; 40; 80; 120 and 160 kg ha-1; and in the latter, five doses of potassium: 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1 were tested. The designs utilized were in randomized blocks in split plot scheme in time for the variables: height (cm), stem diameter (mm) evaluated every 30 days; number and total length of twigs evaluated every 90 days (cm) and simple randomized blocks for the a chlorophyll content, dry mass (g) of leaves, of the twigs, of the roots, total dry mass (g), Dickson quality index (IQD), content and accumulation of macro and micronutrients evaluated at the end of the experiments. Based upon the results, it was found that nitrogen and potassium fertilization applied via fertigation brought about improved quality of the camu-camu plants at the approximate dose of 128 kg ha-1 of N and 160 kg ha-1 of K. Nitrogen fertilization increased the contents of N, K and Ca and reduced the contents of B and Mn, the potassium fertilization raised the contents of N, K and S and reduced the contents of Ca, Mg, B and Mn in the camu-camu leaves. Considering the parts of the plant, the greatest accumulation of nutrients was found in the shoot (twigs and leaves) for N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B and Mn and for the roots was Fe, Cu and Zn as a result of the growing doses of N e K.
97

Disponibilidade de energia e nutrientes nos domicílios: o contraste entre Regiões Norte e Sul do Brasil / Energy and nutrients disposal in residences: the contrast between North and South Regions of Brazil

Carla Cristina Enes 08 February 2006 (has links)
O consumo de alimentos é influenciado por inúmeros fatores, entre os quais podem ser destacados os culturais, nutricionais, socioeconômicos e demográficos. Reconhece-se que, na medida em que esses aspectos favorecem a adoção de novos padrões alimentares, também poderão causar repercussões distintas sobre os níveis de atendimento das demandas nutricionais da população. Neste trabalho foi utilizada como base de dados parcela das informações (referentes à população das Regiões Norte e Sul), obtidas por meio da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF 2002-2003), realizada pelo Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE. Dentre os objetivos da presente pesquisa destacam-se a análise da disponibilidade de energia e nutrientes, no âmbito dos domicílios. Visou-se também avaliar a participação dos grupos de alimentos e dos macronutrientes no Valor Energético Total - VET, bem como a variação dos mesmos segundo o rendimento mensal per capita e a localização do domicílio (rural e urbano). Para a elaboração das cálculos referentes ao conteúdo de energia e nutrientes, utilizou-se o software Virtual Nutri. Adotou-se como parâmetro para a avaliação da disponibilidade de vitaminas, minerais e fibras, os valores preconizados pelo Institute of Medicine (1997,1998, 2000, 2001, 2002). Quanto à avaliação do conteúdo de colesterol, adotou-se a recomendação da Organização Mundial da Saúde - OMS (2003). As análises estatísticas foram viabilizadas por meio do software SAS (1999). Para a avaliação da disponibilidade de energia e nutrientes conforme o rendimento mensal per capita, foi adotado o modelo de regressão múltipla. Dentre os resultados, destaca-se a reduzida disponibilidade (média) de energia para as famílias moradoras nas áreas urbanas de ambas as regiões e um incremento do conteúdo energético à medida que crescem os rendimentos. Quanto aos macronutrientes, verificou-se uma relação inversa entre a participação dos carboidratos no VET e os rendimentos familiares. A contribuição dos lipídios para o VET apresentou tendência de crescimento, de acordo com o aumento da renda. Com relação aos micronutrientes, os resultados revelaram reduzida disponibilidade, nos domicílios, das vitaminas C, B6, B12, D, E, folacina, ácido pantotênico e dos minerais cálcio, zinco, cobre, manganês e iodo para a totalidade das famílias integrantes da pesquisa. Salienta-se que o conteúdo dos minerais ferro, selênio e fósforo se aproximou do valor (médio) preconizado, apenas para as famílias das áreas rurais. A disponibilidade de fibras se revelou muito inferior ao valor mínimo recomendado para as famílias de ambas as regiões analisadas. A disponibilidade de colesterol revelou forte associação com os rendimentos familiares. Destaca-se a expressiva presença desse elemento, notadamente, nos domicílios das famílias da Região Sul. Quanto à participação dos distintos grupos de alimentos no VET, destaca-se a reduzida contribuição energética das frutas, verduras e legumes para praticamente a totalidade dos grupamentos familiares. Foi identificada a indesejável contribuição – considerada excessiva – dos doces, açúcares e refrigerantes para o VET disponível para as famílias. / Food consumption is influenced by countless factors, among which can be emphasized the cultural, nutritional, socioeconomic and demografic ones. One acknowledges that, as these aspects benefit the adoption of new nutritional patterns, it will also be possible to distinguish the level of fulfillment of nutritional demands of the population. Information obtained through the Family Budget Survey (POF 2002-2003), accomplished by Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística – IBGE, concerning the population of the North and South Regions of Brazil was utilized as database in this work. An analysis of energy and nutrients disposal, at domiciliary extent, outstands among this researches’s main goals. It was also intended to assess the relative participation of groups of food and macronutrients in the Total Energetic Value – VET, as well as their variation according to the per capita monthly income and the situation of the place of residence (rural and urban). The Software Virtual Nutri was utilized for the elaboration of the analysis related to the energy and nutrients disposal. As a parameter for the assessment of vitamins, minerals and fibers disposal, it was adopted the recommendations prescribed by the Institute of Medicine (1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2002). Concerning the assessment of cholesterol content, the recommendation of the World Health Organization – (2003) was adopted. The statistical analysis were accomplished through the SAS (1999) Software. The multiple regression pattern was adopted in order to assess the energy and nutrients disposal, according to the per capita monthly income. Among the results, it outstands the low energy disposal for the families living in urban areas of both regions and an increase of energetic content while monthly income grows. Regarding macronutrients, it was verified a reversed relation between the participation of carbohydrates in VET and the family monthly income. The relative participation of fats presented a growth tendency proportional to an increase of income. In relation to micronutrients, the results showed a low disposal of vitamins C, B6. B12, D, E, folacin, pantotenic acid and mineral such as calcium, zinc, copper, manganese and iodin in residences for the families of North and South Regions in both geographic stratum. One emphasizes that the iron, selenium and phosphor contents approached the average forecast value only to the families of rural areas. The fiber disposal revealed to be much lower in relation to the minimum recommended value in both of the analyzed regions. The disposable content of cholesterol showed a strong association with the family incomes, with a notorious and expressive presence in residences of the South Region families. Regarding the participation of distinctive groups of food in VET, it outstands the reduced energetic contribution of fruits, vegetables and legumes for virtually all the familiary groupings. It was identified the undesirable contribution of sweets, sugars and soft drinks to the disposable VET for the families that participated in the research.
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Macro- and Micronutrient Intake in Children with Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder

Schmidt, Ricarda, Hiemisch, Andreas, Kiess, Wieland, von Klitzing, Kai, Schlensog-Schuster, Franziska, Hilbert, Anja 05 May 2023 (has links)
Although case studies in avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) indicate severe nutritional deficiencies in those with a highly limited amount or variety of food intake, systematic analyses on food intake in treatment-seeking children and adolescents with ARFID are lacking. Within this study, n = 20 patients with an interview-based diagnosis of ARFID (0–17 years) were included and compared to n = 20 healthy controls individually matched for age and sex. Children or parents completed three-day food diaries and a food list. Macronutrient, vitamin, and mineral supply was determined based on the percentage of their recommended intake. The results showed a significantly lower total energy and protein intake in ARFID versus controls, with trends for lower fat and carbohydrate intake. ARFID subtypes of limited amount versus variety of food intake significantly differed in macro-, but not micronutrient intake. Those with ARFID met only 20–30% of the recommended intake for most vitamins and minerals, with significantly lower intake relative to controls for vitamin B1, B2, C, K, zinc, iron, and potassium. Variety of food intake was significantly reduced in ARFID versus controls in all food groups except carbohydrates. This study demonstrated that ARFID goes along with reduced everyday life macro- and micronutrient intake, which may increase the risk for developmental and health problems. Future studies additionally assessing serum nutrient levels in a larger sample may further explore differences in food intake across diverse ARFID presentations.
99

The impact of early nutrition on extremely preterm infants

Stoltz Sjöström, Elisabeth January 2014 (has links)
Background Modern neonatal care has improved the survival rate of extremely preterm infants. These infants are at high risk of malnutrition and growth failure during 3-4 months of hospital care. The objectives of this study was to investigate nutritional intakes during hospitalization and explore associations between nutritional intakes, postnatal growth and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Perioperative nutrition in infants undergoing surgery for patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was also investigated. Methods This is a population-based study of Swedish extremely preterm infants (<27 weeks) born during 2004-2007 (n=602). Detailed data on nutritional supply and anthropometric measurements during hospitalization were retrospectively retrieved from hospital records. Comprehensive data on cohort characteristics, neonatal morbidity and infant mortality were obtained from the Extremely Preterm Infants in Sweden Study (EXPRESS). Results During the first 70 days of life, intakes of energy, protein and several micronutrients, with the exception of iron and some vitamins, were less than estimated requirements, and infants showed severe postnatal growth failure. Energy and protein intake predicted growth in all anthropometric outcomes even when adjusting for severity of illness, and fat intake was positively associated with head growth. Low folate intake was positively correlated with poor weight and length gain while high iron intake, mainly explained by blood transfusions, was negatively associated with poor length gain. Furthermore, a low energy intake was associated with severe ROP (stage 3-5). An increased energy intake of 10 kcal/kg/d was associated with 24% decrease in severe ROP (p=0.01). During the first month, 99% of the infants were exclusively fed human milk. Infants who underwent surgery for PDA (n=140) were malnourished, with energy and macronutrient intakes below minimum estimated requirements before, during and after surgery. Conclusions The severe postnatal growth failure observed in Swedish extremely preterm infants may be prevented by improved intakes of energy, protein, fat and folate and a reduction of the number of blood transfusions. Human milk is the main enteral food source and analyses of human milk macronutrient contents facilitates individualized fortification. Provision of adequate energy intakes during the first four weeks of life may be an effective way to reduce the risk of severe ROP. Perioperative nutrition in infants undergoing PDA surgery needs to be improved. The study results have important implications for nutritional regimens, postnatal growth and health outcome in this new generation of survivors.
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Development of potential slow release sustainable fertilizers from natural and synthetic lamellar matrices and soluble phosphates / Développement de nouveaux fertilisants à relargage contrôlé par mécanosynthèse à partir de matrices lamellaires naturelles et synthétiques et d'hydrogénophosphate

Borges, Roger 16 February 2018 (has links)
Ces travaux de thèse ont porté sur le développement de nouveaux engrais à relargage contrôlé grâce à la mise en œuvre d’un procédé de mechanosynthèse à partir de mélanges contenant des composés lamellaires soit naturels (montmorillonite, talc et chrysotile) soit synthétiques (les Hydroxydes Doubles Lamellaires (HDL) à base de Mg, d’Al et de Fe) et de monohydrogénophosphate de potassium. Ce sel est déjà utilisé en agriculture en tant que fertilisant conventionnel. Toutefois sa forte solubilité en solution aqueuse induit des pertes importantes lors de l’épandage via des procédés de lixiviation, de volatilisation ou encore de fixation dans les sols, limitant ainsi l’efficacité des nutriments pour les plantes. Il est alors nécessaire d’en utiliser des quantités excessives pour observer une efficacité en agriculture. Aussi la principale alternative est de contrôler l’apport en éléments venant d’une part du sel soluble mais également des constituants chimiques des matrices lamellaires impliquées. Une telle approche pourrait réduire les coûts en permettant une fertilisation accrue tout en en diminuant la solubilité des ions impliqués. La méthode utilisée consiste à broyer les réactifs ensemble en modifiant les conditions de broyage utilisées. Afin d’évaluer les modifications structurales induites par le broyage, les échantillons obtenus sont caractérisés à l’aide de différentes techniques de caractérisation du solide, en fonction des éléments chimiques impliqués. La diffraction des rayons X (PXRD), la microscopie électronique à balayage couplé avec un analyseur (SEM-EDX) et les méthodes spectroscopiques SSNMR, FTIR, RAMAN, RPE…) se sont avérées pertinentes pour réaliser le suivi des réactions de mechanosynthèse et mettre en évidence une amorphisation des matrices précruseurs et éventuellement la formation de nouvelles phases cristallisées. La microscopie montre sytématiquement une modification importante de la taille des particules avec perte de la morphologie des matériaux précurseurs et parfois apparition de nouveaux cristaux de forme bien définie ayant une composition chimique différente. Grâce à la spectroscopie RMN à l’état solide il est possible de mettre en évidence de fortes modifications de l’environnement chimique après mechanosynthèse, suggérant la formation de composés métastables impliquant des cations métalliques issus des phases lamellaires, du phosphore et de l’oxygène. Les composés obtenus ont ensuité été étudiés dans des conditions de relargage mettant en évidence des propriétés de realargage contrôlé quelle que soit la matrice lamellaire précurseur impliquée dans le procédé. La vitesse de relargage des nutriments est influencée par la nature et la composition chimique de la matrices de départ, sachant qu’en fonction de leur composition chimique des produits différents peuvent être formés. / The present work describes the development of slow release fertilizers from the mechanochemical activation of of natural (montmorillonite, talc, chrysotile) and synthetic (Layered Double Hydroxides (LDH) MgAl and MgFe) lamellar matrix mixtures with potassium monohydrogen phosphate. This salt is used in agriculture as a conventional fertilizer and is highly soluble in aqueous solution, which implies large losses due to leaching processes, volatilization or even fixation in the soil, limiting the efficiency of the nutrients for the plants. Due to these characteristics, there is a need to apply large quantities of these products in agriculture. Therefore, the main idea is to control the supply of both the elements coming from the soluble salt as well as the constituting elements of the lamellar matrices. Such approach could reduce costs with exacerbated fertilization, potentiating the use of the products and decreasing the solubility of the ions involved. The methodology used basically consists of the milling of the reagents varying the processing conditions. For the characterization of the samples, several techniques were used according to the nature of the compounds involved. Particularly, PXRD, SEM / EDX and spectroscopic (SSNMR, FTIR, RAMAN, EPR…) techniques proved to be highly efficient for the monitoring of the mechano-chemical reaction, and to highlight the amorphization of the precursors and/or the formation of a distinct crystalline phase. SEM/EDX showed after the mechanochemical activation the changes in particle size, the disappearance of precursor morphologies, and the formation of particles with distinct morphologies and different chemical composition. Using solid state NMR measurements significant changes in the chemical environments involved were evidenced, suggesting the formation of metastable compounds between metal cations from the lamellar matrices, phosphorus and oxygen, as well as other possible compounds as products. After the mechanochemical reaction, in the nutrient release assays, the slow release behavior was observed for all the matrices analyzed. The release rate can be influenced by the chemical composition of the starting matrices, since each matrix can produce similar and distinct products, for example, SiO2 from natural clays which is not possible in the LDH products.

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