Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T18:56:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcela do Carmo Vieira.pdf: 1624752 bytes, checksum: 56a72aed867f7bcb866defb6b9349d39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / The study investigated the action of three species of aquatic plants called Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia auriculata in removing chemicals from the effluent in the treatment of domestic sewage (ETE) station, district of Montalvão, Presidente Prudente / SP. The treatments used effluent distributed in a box of 250 dm3 as follows : (T1) = Raw wastewater without the presence of aquatic plants (control), (T2) = Raw wastewater with Eichhornia crassipes, (T3) = Raw wastewater with the presence of Pistia stratiotes, (T4) = Raw wastewater with the presence of Salvinia auriculata. The weekly samples of effluent were collected monthly for three months (April, May and June 2013), featuring the three phases of experimentation. After collecting the samples were sent to the analytical chemistry laboratory of plant tissue UNOESTE / Campus II, for the determination of Ec (electrical conductivity - µS cm- 1), in addition to the available concentrations of NH4+, NO3-, P, S, K and Na. At the end of each cycle, after twenty-eight days of the experiment, the plants were collected and sent to the same laboratory where it was determined the contents of NH4+ , NO3-, P, S, K, Na (mg L-1) and mass of plant dry matter. It was found that the removal of chemical elements by plants studied was different for each species, between periods of collection and evaluation cycles, there was removal of NH4 and P by plants compared to control, with more significant reduction of NH4 provided by S. auriculata and P by E. crassipes during the evaluation cycles; P. stratiotes showed higher removal rate K, Na, and S in almost all cycles; absorption elements provided a reduction of Ec in the effluent in the presence of P. stratiotes in the three evaluation cycles; P. stratiotes and S. auriculata showed higher content of K in the first cycle of evaluation, a S. auriculata and P. stratiotes were able to absorb more S than E. crassipes during evaluation cycles, the studied aquatic plants, mainly P. stratiotes, can be allies for polishing sewage wastewater treated. / O trabalho objetivou estudar o potencial de três espécies de plantas aquáticas denominadas de Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes e Salvinia auriculata na remoção de elementos químicos do efluente, na estação de tratamento de esgoto doméstico (ETE) do distrito de Montalvão, Presidente Prudente/SP. Os tratamentos utilizaram o efluente distribuídos em caixas plásticas de 250 dm3 da seguinte forma: (T1) = Efluente bruto sem a presença de plantas aquáticas (testemunha); (T2) = Efluente bruto com a presença de aguapé (Eichhornia crassipes); (T3) = Efluente bruto com a presença de alface d água (Pistia stratiotes); (T4) = Efluente bruto com a presença de Salvinia auriculata. As coletas semanais de efluente foram realizadas mensalmente durante três meses (abril, maio e junho de 2013), caracterizando os três ciclos de experimentação. Após a coleta as amostras foram encaminhadas ao laboratório de análise química de tecido vegetal da UNOESTE/Campus II, para a determinação da Ce (condutividade elétrica - µS cm-1), além das concentrações disponíveis de NH4+, NO3-, P, S, K e Na. Ao final de cada ciclo, após vinte e oito dias da instalação do experimento, as plantas foram coletadas e encaminhadas ao mesmo laboratório onde foram determinados os teores de NH4+, NO3-, P, S, K, Na (mg L-1) e massa da matéria seca vegetal. Constatou-se que a remoção de elementos químicos pelas plantas estudadas foi diferenciado para cada espécie, entre os períodos de coleta e ciclos de avaliação; houve remoção de NH4 e de P pelas plantas em relação à testemunha, com redução mais expressiva de NH4 proporcionada pela S. auriculata e de P pela E. crassipes, durante os ciclos de avaliação; a P. stratiotes apresentou maior taxa de remoção de K, Na e S em quase todos os ciclos; a absorção dos elementos proporcionou redução da Ce no efluente na presença de P. stratiotes nos três ciclos de avaliação; a P. stratiotes e a S. auriculata apresentaram maior teor de K no 1o ciclo de avaliação; a S. auriculata e P. stratiotes foram capazes de absorver mais S que a E. crassipes durante os ciclos de avaliação; as plantas aquáticas estudadas, principalmente a P. stratiotes, podem ser aliadas no polimento de efluente de esgoto de ETE tratado.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-18T17:51:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcela do Carmo Vieira.pdf: 1624752 bytes, checksum: 56a72aed867f7bcb866defb6b9349d39 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-28 / The study investigated the action of three species of aquatic plants called Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes and Salvinia auriculata in removing chemicals from the effluent in the treatment of domestic sewage (ETE) station, district of Montalvão, Presidente Prudente / SP. The treatments used effluent distributed in a box of 250 dm3 as follows : (T1) = Raw wastewater without the presence of aquatic plants (control), (T2) = Raw wastewater with Eichhornia crassipes, (T3) = Raw wastewater with the presence of Pistia stratiotes, (T4) = Raw wastewater with the presence of Salvinia auriculata. The weekly samples of effluent were collected monthly for three months (April, May and June 2013), featuring the three phases of experimentation. After collecting the samples were sent to the analytical chemistry laboratory of plant tissue UNOESTE / Campus II, for the determination of Ec (electrical conductivity - µS cm- 1), in addition to the available concentrations of NH4+, NO3-, P, S, K and Na. At the end of each cycle, after twenty-eight days of the experiment, the plants were collected and sent to the same laboratory where it was determined the contents of NH4+ , NO3-, P, S, K, Na (mg L-1) and mass of plant dry matter. It was found that the removal of chemical elements by plants studied was different for each species, between periods of collection and evaluation cycles, there was removal of NH4 and P by plants compared to control, with more significant reduction of NH4 provided by S. auriculata and P by E. crassipes during the evaluation cycles; P. stratiotes showed higher removal rate K, Na, and S in almost all cycles; absorption elements provided a reduction of Ec in the effluent in the presence of P. stratiotes in the three evaluation cycles; P. stratiotes and S. auriculata showed higher content of K in the first cycle of evaluation, a S. auriculata and P. stratiotes were able to absorb more S than E. crassipes during evaluation cycles, the studied aquatic plants, mainly P. stratiotes, can be allies for polishing sewage wastewater treated. / O trabalho objetivou estudar o potencial de três espécies de plantas aquáticas denominadas de Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes e Salvinia auriculata na remoção de elementos químicos do efluente, na estação de tratamento de esgoto doméstico (ETE) do distrito de Montalvão, Presidente Prudente/SP. Os tratamentos utilizaram o efluente distribuídos em caixas plásticas de 250 dm3 da seguinte forma: (T1) = Efluente bruto sem a presença de plantas aquáticas (testemunha); (T2) = Efluente bruto com a presença de aguapé (Eichhornia crassipes); (T3) = Efluente bruto com a presença de alface d água (Pistia stratiotes); (T4) = Efluente bruto com a presença de Salvinia auriculata. As coletas semanais de efluente foram realizadas mensalmente durante três meses (abril, maio e junho de 2013), caracterizando os três ciclos de experimentação. Após a coleta as amostras foram encaminhadas ao laboratório de análise química de tecido vegetal da UNOESTE/Campus II, para a determinação da Ce (condutividade elétrica - µS cm-1), além das concentrações disponíveis de NH4+, NO3-, P, S, K e Na. Ao final de cada ciclo, após vinte e oito dias da instalação do experimento, as plantas foram coletadas e encaminhadas ao mesmo laboratório onde foram determinados os teores de NH4+, NO3-, P, S, K, Na (mg L-1) e massa da matéria seca vegetal. Constatou-se que a remoção de elementos químicos pelas plantas estudadas foi diferenciado para cada espécie, entre os períodos de coleta e ciclos de avaliação; houve remoção de NH4 e de P pelas plantas em relação à testemunha, com redução mais expressiva de NH4 proporcionada pela S. auriculata e de P pela E. crassipes, durante os ciclos de avaliação; a P. stratiotes apresentou maior taxa de remoção de K, Na e S em quase todos os ciclos; a absorção dos elementos proporcionou redução da Ce no efluente na presença de P. stratiotes nos três ciclos de avaliação; a P. stratiotes e a S. auriculata apresentaram maior teor de K no 1o ciclo de avaliação; a S. auriculata e P. stratiotes foram capazes de absorver mais S que a E. crassipes durante os ciclos de avaliação; as plantas aquáticas estudadas, principalmente a P. stratiotes, podem ser aliadas no polimento de efluente de esgoto de ETE tratado.

Submitted by Verena Bastos (verena@uefs.br) on 2015-10-29T13:01:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSEANE BRAND?O PIRES SOARES - DISSERTA??O.pdf: 10148513 bytes, checksum: 4aced6aaf4e996e4bc7f0a25bf31c9df (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-29T13:01:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JOSEANE BRAND?O PIRES SOARES - DISSERTA??O.pdf: 10148513 bytes, checksum: 4aced6aaf4e996e4bc7f0a25bf31c9df (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-27 / Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de S?o Paulo - FAPESP / The aim of this work was to study the phenomenon of facilitation in the establishment and development of populations of Lemna aequinoctialis Welw .. through the computer model in NetLogo. For both crops were carried out ex situ to establish parameters and variables to be used in developing the model, and study the phenomenon of facilitation between individuals. With the computational model, we sought to test the ideal inoculum for this facilitation in non-axenic. The experiments were performed in pond water and autoclaved without autoclaving in solution Pirson & Siedel, and various concentrations of citrate Lead. Each week to count the number of individuals sprouted. The results were organized in spreadsheet and produced curves were adjusted in the regression model. A comparison of the results was evaluated from the t test with a confidence level of 5%. The results showed that the cultivation lead promotes increased growth rate of Lemna aequinoctialis Welw. That an individual can stay alive up to 70 days in medium without resetting, and that there is facilitation between individuals of the same species for their development in contaminated environments, so there is a minimum amount by which the colonies are established. The computational model describes the behavior of Lemna aequinoctialis Welw. a simulated environment with and without contamination by microorganisms. The hypothesis of facilitation was studied and showed that a single frond of Lemna in non-axenic not developed, two individuals can develop, and the minimum to ensure the establishment and growth is four individuals. / O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi estudar o fen?meno da facilita??o no estabelecimento e desenvolvimento de popula??es de Lemna aequinoctialis Welw.. atrav?s do modelo computacional em NetLogo. Para tanto foram realizados cultivos ex situ para estabelecer par?metros e vari?veis para serem utilizados na elabora??o do modelo, e estudar o fen?meno da facilita??o entre os indiv?duos. Com o modelo computacional, buscou-se testar o in?culo ideal para esta facilita??o em ambientes n?o-ax?nicos. Os experimentos foram realizados em ?gua da lagoa autoclavada e sem autoclavar, em solu??o de Pirson & Siedel, e em v?rias concentra??es de Citrato de Chumbo. Em cada semana foi contado o n?mero de indiv?duos brotados. Os resultados foram organizados em planilha eletr?nica e foram produzidas curvas ajustadas segundo modelo de regress?o. A compara??o entre os resultados foi avaliada a partir do teste t com n?vel de confian?a de 5%. Os resultados do cultivo mostraram que o chumbo favorece o aumento da taxa de crescimento de Lemna aequinoctialis Welw., que um indiv?duo pode permanecer vivo at? 70 dias num meio sem a reposi??o , e que existe facilita??o entre os indiv?duos da mesma esp?cies para o seu desenvolvimento em ambientes contaminados, existindo assim um valor m?nimo pelo qual as col?nias se estabelecem. O modelo computacional descreve o comportamento da Lemna aequinoctialis Welw. num ambiente simulado com e sem a contamina??o por microorganismo. A hip?tese de facilita??o foi estudada e mostrou que um ?nico indiv?duo em ambiente n?o-ax?nico n?o se desenvolve, dois indiv?duos podem se desenvolver, e o valor m?nimo para se garantir o estabelecimento e crescimento ? quatro indiv?duos.

As áreas de várzea estão entre os ecossistemas mais ameaçados, porém no Brasil essa situação agrava-se devido à falta de uma abordagem ecológica robusta na Lei de Proteção da Vegetação Nativa, o que torna necessário a atuação do poder público municipal para salvaguardar esses sistemas. A presente pesquisa empregou uma abordagem ecológica aplicada (limnologia, macroinvertebrados, macrófitas aquáticas) para avaliar a relação do rio Sorocaba com suas várzeas no município de Sorocaba, o uso e ocupação da terra e a sua influência sobre às variáveis limnológicas, além das demandas dos serviços ambientais fornecidos pelas várzeas ao município. Duas amostragens foram realizadas durante o ano de 2017, sendo uma no período de cheia (fevereiro) e outra na estiagem (junho). Métodos padronizados foram empregados para o desenvolvimento do presente trabalho. Evidenciou-se que a poluição orgânica e o predomino de áreas antropizadas são os principais fatores responsáveis pela alteração das variáveis limnológicas analisadas. Alguns serviços ambientais (i.e. provisão de água, controle do fluxo, regulação dos processos erosivos, regulação de nutrientes, ciclagem da água, pesca voltada ao lazer e valor intrínseco da biodiversidade) prestados pelos ecossistemas de várzea do Município de Sorocaba apresentam um balanço negativo (i.e. demanda superior à oferta). As espécies de macrófitas e famílias de macroinvertebrados encontradas são espécies indicadoras de poluição orgânica. Por fim, destaca-se a contribuição da ação estratégica e o papel da gestão municipal para o manejo dos ecossistemas de várzea. / The wetlands are among the most threatened ecosystems, although in the Brazil that situation is worse because of an ecological approach lack in the Law of Native Vegetation Protection, what makes necessary the public power action to safeguard those systems. The present research employed an applied ecological approach (limnology, macroinvertebrates, aquatic macrophytes) for Sorocaba River and its wetlands assessment in Sorocaba-SP municipality, the land cover and its influence on limnological variables, as well as the environmental services demand supplied by the municipality wetlands. Two samples were performed during 2017, one during the rainy (February) season and other on the dry season (June). Patronized methods were employed in the present research. The organic pollution and the anthropic areas predominance are the mainly factors responsible for limnological variables alteration. Some environmental services (i.e. water provision, water flow control, erosive process control, nutrient control, water cycling, recreation fishing and biodiversity intrinsic value) provided by the studied wetlands showed a negative balance (i.e. demand superior to the provision capacity). The macrophyte species and macroinvertebrate families found are organic pollution indicators. Finally, stand out the strategic action contribution and the municipality governance role for wetlands ecosystem management.

No description available.

[pt] Nos últimos anos tem ocorrido um crescimento na extração e no beneficiamento de metais pesados ocasionando um aumento de rejeitos tóxicos na natureza, abrindo-se assim, a oportunidade para a pesquisa de técnicas de remediação de solos e águas, menos agressivas ao meio ambiente e com custos baixos. A fitorremediação é uma técnica de tratamento de solos, águas e sedimentos contaminados que promove o recapeamento de áreas devastadas e não altera o ecossistema, utilizando plantas como agentes remediadores. Entre as vantagens da fitorremediação, citam-se o custo reduzido e o baixo risco de dano ambiental ao solo, contrariamente a alguns processos de remediação física, química e da biorremediação. A técnica de fitorremediação consiste em se plantar e cultivar no local a ser tratado uma planta capaz de absorver o contaminante. O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a capacidade de hiperacumulação de cádmio pela Ruppia maritima L., que é uma macrófita aquática enraizada e semi-cosmopolita encontrada em ambientes contaminados e possui uma capacidade adaptativa muito boa. A capacidade de fitorremediação da espécie, juntamente com a sua flora e fauna associadas, foi estudada utilizando-se soluções de cloreto de cádmio. A partir dos experimentos realizados concluímos que a Ruppia maritima possui uma capacidade muito boa de remediação de águas e sedimentos contaminados e de adaptação às condições adversas. / [en] In the last years a growth has occurred in the extraction and refining of heavy metals causing an increase in the accumulation of wastes that are toxic to nature, thus opening up the opportunity for research in new soil and wastewaters remediation technics that are less aggressive to the environment and have lower costs. The established technics have not been developed with the preservation of the environment to be decontaminated in mind, nevertheless the current awareness in preserving the environmental balance acts as an incentive to the study of ecologically correct technologies. Phytoremediation is a technic for treatment of contaminated soil and wastewaters that promotes reforestation of devastated areas and does not modify the ecosystem, using plants as remediating agents. Amongst the cited advantages of phytoremediation are its low cost and risk of environmental damage to the soil, as opposed to certain physical and chemical remediation, and bioremediation processes. The phytoremediation technology consists of planting and cultivating on location a plant that is capable of absorbing the contaminating agent. The aim of this work was to study the cadmium hiperaccumulation capacity through the Ruppia maritima L., which is a cosmopolitan rooted aquatic macrophyte found in contaminated environments with a very good adaptation capacity. The phytoremediation capacity of this species, together with its associated flora and fauna, was tested using cadmium chloride solutions. From the developed experiments we concluded that the Ruppia maritima possesses a very good capacity for remediating contaminated soils and wastewaters and adapting to adverse conditions.

<p>Seasonal and annual water-level fluctuation is a primary mechanism that maintains high aquatic biodiversity in coastal marshes of the Laurentian Great Lakes by preventing formation of dense mono-cultures of emergent or submergent plants. The past 14 years of sustained low water levels in Georgian Bay (Lake Huron) have prompted proposals to impound coastal wetlands as a way to mitigate against desiccation. We hypothesize that a loss of hydrological connection with the Great Lakes would lead to altered water chemistry and an expansion of emergent vegetation at the expense of aquatic habitat. This could result in a fish community with reduced diversity which may positively impact the larval amphibian community. On the other hand, bird communities may respond with only short-term gains, and may not demonstrate long-term benefits without active management. We investigate how long-term severance of hydrological connection between coastal marshes and Georgian Bay affect ecosystem functions. We compare food web components of a chain of three coastal wetlands in Tadenac Bay that were sequentially impounded by beaver activities over the past 5 decades. We also surveyed the food web of Wye Marsh, which was impounded over 80 years ago, and compare it with that of Matchedash Bay, which had never been impounded. In both cases, there were negative impacts of impoundment on water chemistry, vegetation and fish communities. Bird communities showed no significant differences but larval amphibian diversity was greater in the beaver impoundments than in the hydrologically connected coastal wetland. Based on our results, we do not recommend impounding Georgian Bay wetlands as a means to restore and maintain water levels.</p> / Master of Science (MSc)

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die vorliegende Dissertation befasst sich mit den komplexen physikalischen und biologischen Prozessen in Flachlandflüssen, die mit der saisonalen Entwicklung submerser aquatischer Vegetation im Zusammenhang stehen. Vorrangige Ziele der durchgeführten Arbeiten waren sowohl Untersuchungen zum Einfluss elastischer submerser Vegetation auf die Struktur der turbulenten Strömung, als auch die damit verbundenen Effekte auf Transport- und Mischungsprozesse sowie mögliche Auswirkungen auf Morphodynamik und Ökologie. Erkenntnisse zur Struktur der turbulenten Strömung, die sich über Beständen submerser elastischer Vegetation entwickelt, konnten aus originären Feldexperimenten gewonnen werden. Die Resultate wurden mit der hydrodynamischen Modellierung der Entwicklung einer Mischungsschicht verglichen. Theoretische Analysen der Mischungsschicht über submerser Vegetation führten zu einer Erweitung des Modells. Dabei zeigt sich, in welcher Weise die Interaktion zwischen Strömung und Pflanzen die Entwicklung der Scherschicht und der Turbulenz beeinflusst. Die abgeleiteten theoretischen Lösungen stehen in engem Zusammenhang mit der theoretischen Beschreibung der biomechanischen Eigenschaften elastischer Vegetation. Die Dissertation beschäftigt sich vorwiegend mit Effekten der Wechselwirkung von Strömung und Bewuchs in Bezug auf eindimensionale Ansätze der Modellierung von Transport und Vermischung in Flüssen. In der Arbeit werden quantitative Ansätze zur Modellierung der longitudinalen Dispersion für einen bestimmten Typ von Vegetation vorgeschlagen, die die komplexe Struktur der Strömung bei Bewuchs berücksichtigen. Darüber hinaus wird gezeigt, wie die entwickelte Theorie zur Wechselwirkung von Strömung und Vegetation mit einem phänologischen Modell für das Wachstum der Pflanzenbiomasse gekoppelt werden kann, womit ein nahezu geschlossener Lösungsansatz für die behandelte Fragestellung vorliegt. Schlagwörter: Makrophyten, Flussströmung ,Turbulenz, longitudinale Dispersion. / SUMMARY The thesis is focused on complex physical and biological processes occurring in natural lowland streams due to the seasonal development of submerged aquatic vegetation. The primary goal of the studies was an exploration of the effects that submerged flexible vegetation sets upon turbulent flow structure, their consequences for transport and mixing processes, and implications for morphodynamics and ecology. A deeper insight into the structure of turbulent flow evolving over a patch of flexible submerged vegetation was gained completing an original field experimental study which results were examined in a context of a hydrodynamic model of the mixing layer. The model was expanded by theoretical analysis of evolution of the mixing layer over the vegetation patch yielding knowledge on how do interactions of flow and vegetation produce the velocity shear and turbulence across the flow. The obtained theoretical solutions are linked to the theoretical description of biomechanical properties for flexible buoyant vegetation. The thesis is concentrated on examining the consequences of flow – plants interactions in respect to the one-dimensional approach to the modeling of transport and mixing in rivers. In this study the longitudinal dispersion model was re-examined to account for the complex structure of flow in vegetation mosaic and possible quantitative approaches are proposed to infer the model parameters for a known type of vegetation. It was also shown how the developed theory of flow-plants interactions can be coupled with a phenological model of biomass growth providing a nearly complete approach to the problem. Keywords: macrophytes, river flow, turbulence, longitudinal dispersion.

The aim of this diploma thesis was to clarify the differences among three different ponds (Bolevecký, Třemošenský, Šídlovský) situated in Pilsen. All of the above mentioned ponds are recreational areas where Bolevecký pond is best known for his water quality improvements since 2006 (after application of Fe and Al - colagulants and also fish - stock changes). The main difference was based on the growth of submersed water plants. The macrophytes were growing slowly or not at all in Bolevecký pond. There was a huge expansion of macrophytes (mainly Myriophyllum spicatum species) in Třemošenský and Šídlovský ponds therefore the water plants must be regulated during summer seasons by mechanical harvesting. The water in all three ponds proves the same qualities but the differences may be found in the nutrient composition of sediments. The fractionation analysis (the founders Psenner and Puczsko) confirmed the fact that all localities are poor in phosphorus however the differences were found in content of iron. The increased content of iron was observed in sediments of Šídlovksý and Třemošenský ponds (mainly in BD fraction - the iron was unstable under redox potential changes). The result of this analysis proves that phosphorus is potentially more available for macrophytes in sediments of Třemošenský and Šídlovský...

The aim with this review was to investigate whether a reconnection of an oxbow lake can contribute to higher biodiversity. However, oxbow lakes can be divided in three categories: Lentic- (connected with both ends to the river bed), semi-lentic- (connected with one end) and lotic oxbow lakes (Isolated from the riverbed). Aquatic organisms such as fish, aquatic invertebrates, amphibians and macrophytes has been studied. The result showed that hydrological connectivity determines both biodiversity and water quality in oxbow lakes. Lotic oxbow lakes consisted low biodiversity and it’s dominated by amphibians. Semi-lentic oxbow lakes contributes with highest biodiversity of macrophytes, fish and aquatic invertebrates. Lentic oxbow lakes consisted less biodiversity and was dominated by fish. In conclusion, reconnection of an oxbow lake can be used as a restoration project to improve biodiversity.