Submitted by Suethene Souza (suethene.souza@ufpe.br) on 2015-03-04T19:19:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Eleições no Brasil 2010 uma análise dos manifestos em defesa da democracia - Lucia.pdf: 1891560 bytes, checksum: fc22435fae3c7d06b2863d7f9d9c392c (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-04T19:19:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Eleições no Brasil 2010 uma análise dos manifestos em defesa da democracia - Lucia.pdf: 1891560 bytes, checksum: fc22435fae3c7d06b2863d7f9d9c392c (MD5) license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-21 / Esta dissertação analisa três manifestos lançados pela sociedade brasileira em defesa da democracia no período eleitoral de 2010 com o propósito de saber em que eles contribuem para se entender a realidade política do Brasil. O debate estabelecido por eles é fundamental para fomentar o exercício da cidadania, mas o dissenso chamou atenção para a descrença de alguns grupos nas instituições e motivou esse estudo a investigar os tipos de democracia a que se remetem, examinar sua contribuição na definição do atual estágio do regime político do país e qualificar a organização política brasileira, com o uso da classificação tricotômica - democrática, semidemocrática e autoritária - tendo como referência o conceito procedural mínimo de Mainwaring, Brinks e Pérez-Liñán. Para isso fez-se um estudo exploratório valendo-se do uso da análise de conteúdo, técnica de base interpretativista de natureza sobretudo qualitativa, com uma abordagem descritiva e explicativa, que exigiu para o seu desenvolvimento pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O ineditismo do tema ressalta a importância desta investigação. Nunca foram registradas na história das eleições diretas tantas manifestações públicas discutindo a qualidade do regime democrático do país. Assim, identificar o modelo que está a se firmar no Brasil se justifica pela crença de que esta ordem extrapola o campo da política e leva ao fortalecimento das instituições e à garantia das liberdades, constituindo-se no único caminho possível para a construção de sociedades menos desiguais e mais justas, o que significa reconhecê-la também como catalisadora do desenvolvimento, e relevante, especialmente para as regiões mais pobres onde o abuso de autoridade e a omissão do Estado castigam com mais frequência e com maior rigor. Partiu-se do pressuposto de que os discursos proferidos guardavam intenções não explícitas, foram preparados previamente e seus autores, conhecendo os limites da mensagem e suas possibilidades de êxito e de fracasso, usaram expressões com força de persuasão. O cotejamento das mensagens com as teorias, as publicações do período e a legislação vigente apontou para a falsa homenagem que a elite e os políticos brasileiros costumam fazer à ordem formal e que o regime político do país carece de eleições limpas para ser classificado como democrático.

Submitted by Alexandra Feitosa (alexandra.feitosa@ufpe.br) on 2017-08-04T14:11:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-dissertação-LuciaFatimaBarbosaMagalhaesMoraes.pdf: 2075160 bytes, checksum: 2367dc244b6883cc51b66120254e26e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-04T14:11:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-dissertação-LuciaFatimaBarbosaMagalhaesMoraes.pdf: 2075160 bytes, checksum: 2367dc244b6883cc51b66120254e26e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-21 / Esta dissertação analisa três manifestos lançados pela sociedade brasileira em defesa da democracia no período eleitoral de 2010 com o propósito de saber em que eles contribuem para se entender a realidade política do Brasil. O debate estabelecido por eles é fundamental para fomentar o exercício da cidadania, mas o dissenso chamou atenção para a descrença de alguns grupos nas instituições e motivou esse estudo a investigar os tiposde democracia a que se remetem,examinar sua contribuição na definição do atual estágio do regime político do país equalificar a organização política brasileira,com o uso da classificação tricotômica -democrática, semidemocrática e autoritária-tendo como referência o conceito procedural mínimo de Mainwaring, Brinks e Pérez-Liñán. Para isso fez-se um estudo exploratório valendo-se do uso da análise de conteúdo, técnica de base interpretativista de natureza sobretudo qualitativa, com uma abordagem descritiva e explicativa, que exigiu para o seu desenvolvimento pesquisa bibliográfica e documental. O ineditismo do tema ressalta a importância desta investigação. Nunca foram registradas na história das eleições diretas tantas manifestações públicas discutindo a qualidade do regime democrático do país.Assim, identificar o modelo que está a se firmar no Brasil se justifica pela crença de que esta ordemextrapola o campo da política e leva ao fortalecimento das instituições e à garantia das liberdades, constituindo-se no único caminho possível para a construção de sociedades menos desiguais e mais justas, o que significa reconhecê-la também como catalisadora do desenvolvimento, e relevante, especialmente para as regiões mais pobres onde o abuso de autoridade e a omissão do Estado castigam com mais frequência e com maior rigor. Partiu-se do pressupostode que os discursos proferidos guardavam intenções não explícitas, foram preparados previamente e seus autores,conhecendo os limites da mensagem e suas possibilidades de êxito e de fracasso, usaram expressões com força de persuasão. O cotejamento das mensagens com as teorias, as publicações do período e a legislação vigente apontou para a falsa homenagem que a elite e os políticos brasileiros costumam fazer à ordem formal e que o regime político do país carece de eleições limpas para ser classificado como democrático. / This dissertation examines three manifestos released by Brazilian society in defense of democracy in the electoral period of 2010 with the purpose of knowing where they contribute to understanding the political reality of Brazil. The debate established by them is crucial to enhance the exercise of citizenship, but the dissent drew attention to the disbelief of some groups in the institutions and motivated this study to investigate the types of democracy to which they refer; examine their contribution in defining the current stage of the political regime of the country and; qualify the brazilian political organization using the trichotomous classification: democratic, semi-democratic and authoritarian taking by reference the minimum procedural concept from Mainwaring, Brinks, and Pérez-Liñán. In order to this an exploratory study was made drawing on the use of the content analysis, a technique of interpretive basis with a nature mainly qualitative, with a descriptive and explanatory approach, which required to its development literature and documentary research. The novelty of the theme highlights the importance of this research. Never in the history of direct elections so many public events discussing the quality of democracy in the country were registered. Thus, identifying the model that it's being established in Brazil is justified by the belief that this order goes beyond the sphere of politics and leads to the strengthening of institutions and the guarantee of freedom, constituting the only possible way for building societies less unequal and more equitable, which means recognizing it also as a catalyst for development, relevant, especially for the poorest regions where the abuse of authority and the state's omission castigate more often and more rigorously. This started from the assumption that the speeches kept not explicit intentions, were previously prepared and their authors knowing the limits of the message and your chances of success and failure, used expressions with the force of persuasion. The comparison between the posts with the theories, the publications of the period and the legislation pointedto the false honor of the brazilian elite and politicians tend to make to the formal order and that the political regime of the country lacks clean elections to qualify as democratic.

Freedom of expression can be viewed as the very heart of democracy, without it the democratic system falls apart. Political communication is a form of expression and perhaps the most important form as well. The intentions and methods of political communication are not always honest and nuanced though, which may jeopardize the legitimacy of the democratic system. This is because of the demos, the voters and citizens, who represent the core of democracy as a system. The demos often act as receivers of political messages, and very rarely as senders. Consequently, the demos are vulnerable in this aspect. On the other hand, the politicians do have the possibly to angle and manipulate information in order to favour their own intentions. Political propaganda is one kind of political communication that has been present during a long period of time in basically every corner of the world. According to various scientists, political parties often use propaganda in election campaigns to maximise votes. Further on, propaganda can be described as deceitful and manipulative, which are features that do not correspond well with democracy and its ideals. Does that mean that the voters are completely helpless in relation to the political propaganda? With the focus and aim of this study, which is to illuminate the various features and techniques of propaganda, we hope to give the voters further knowledge and understanding about the rhetoric strategies within political manifestos. Because if the voters are not aware of the issue, and does not have the tools to see past the propaganda, how are they supposed to form a well-founded perception and make a choice that they are fully comfortable with? With a certain analytical instrument that contains four dimensions of propaganda, some of the political manifestos that were presented during the election campaign in Sweden 2014 have been examined closely. Further on, regarding the results and conclusions of the study, it supports the assumption that propaganda exists in different ways within the chosen manifestos. All of the dimensions that exist within the analytical instrument can be perceived as found in the material. These dimensions/techniques are simplification, exaggeration, packaging the message and disguise.

For this study, I set out to examine the electoral manifestos of four European populist parties in national elections, in order to analyze the ideological similarities and differences between the Finns Party, the Sweden Democrats, the National Rally, and the League. Political manifestos represent authoritative statements on party policies. I aimed to compare the ideologies expressed in the manifestos and to allocate them on a left-neutral-right scale according to a model developed by Backlund (2013), Benoitand Laver (2007), and Lowe et al. (2011). The theoretical background comes from Spatial theory (Downs 1957, Sartori 1977, Adams 1998) and Saliency theory (Budge & Farlie 1983, Budge et al. 2001, Klingemann et al. 2006). I derived the research data from the Manifesto Research on Political Representation (MARPOR) database; the data are longitudinal, covering 48 variables from two elections during the period of 2011-2018. I investigated how the parties present their political goals through qualitative analyses, as well as an examination of the salience and frequency of issues. I compared the data to long-term trends from MARPOR data and from the Chapel Hill Expert Surveys. My findings indicate that the parties have common ideological traits such as nationalism, European Union (EU) opposition, and immigration negativity, but they differ in how they advocate for various policy matters. The Finns Party is the least moderate and openly exhibits nationalism and discriminatory features. The Sweden Democrats share attributes with leftist ideologies, except for the EU opposition and a veiled immigration negativity. The National Rally is nationalistic and privileges protectionism, but is more indirectly immigration and EU negative. The League shows an increasing preference for federalism and EU and immigration negativity during the two elections.

Foreign policy is the nexus between domestic and international political systems. Studies in Canada have so far produced mixed findings related to the role of political parties in foreign policy. Drawing from campaign promise, issue ownership and foreign policy decision-making literature, this dissertation investigates whether there is a foreign policy domain consistently dominated by a particular political party in the Canadian context. Part I uses data from the Comparative Manifesto Project (CMP) combined with manually coded foreign policy promises to determine the content and scope of foreign policy-related election promises in Canada. Part II follows the well-established pledge approach to measure promise fulfilment of foreign policy promises of Canadian governing parties following elections. This dissertation not only seeks to determine whether parties matter in the context of foreign policy, but also whether one party consistently “owns” the foreign policy domain or specific foreign policy issues. Findings from this research will fill an existing gap in the literature related to policy-specific promise fulfillment in Canada and will bridge existing theoretical assumptions related to political party behaviour and foreign policy decision-making. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Thesis (MPA.) -- University of Limpopo, 2018 / This study analyses the national election manifestos of the African National Congress on the subject of service delivery between 1994 and 2014. One of the arguments advanced in this thesis and corroborated in the theory of democratization by elections is that elections play an important role in the struggle for better governance and democracy. The election manifestos, in this regard, serve as instruments of ensuring accountability to the voters as well as gauging the performance of those in government. The party in government must implement its election manifestos; otherwise it must face electoral consequences through a democratic election process. However, there is a view aptly sustained in the study that elections are at times not a reliable or credible measure of a democratic outcome because many voters do not have the necessary knowledge to make rational choices in order to counteract the effects of poor or lack of implementation of election manifestos regarding service delivery. Therefore, as cautioned in the thesis, conscious public participation will remain an empty slogan if the majority of the electorate is left and forgotten languishing in poverty and arrogance. The sustainability of participation by citizens is hugely compromised in an environment infested with rampant corruption and runaway impunity. The study followed an interpretivist paradigm with a qualitative approach. ANC members in four villages –Duthuni, Tshisaulu, Ha-Mushavhanamadi and Ha-Ratshiedana (ward 35, Thulamela Municipality) were purposively targeted as the research population for the study. For practical reason, not all members of the ANC in the villages were reached to participate in the study. Ultimately, 42 members of the ANC in the villages formed the research sample. Data collection techniques used were face-to-face interviews, semi-structured questionnaire and document review (data triangulation). The rationale for using data triangulation in the study was to ensure that the weaknesses of a single data collection strategy were minimized and to ensure that the strategies complemented and verified one another. A total of 12 interviews were conducted, 30 questionnaires were administered and five ANC national election manifestos were perused. Three qualitative data analysis strategies were adopted, namely, conversation analysis, discourse analysis and content analysis. Analysis and interpretation of qualitative data consisted of words and observations and not numbers or statistics because the researcher did not want to quantify nor generate numerical data for purposes of statistical analysis.

This study critically studies two different manifestos, New democracy manifesto from 1991 and Sweden Democrats manifesto from 2010. The purpose with this is to discover in what way populist rhetoric is used and what parlance the parties have used in these two manifestos. Using Lennart Hellspong’s model for propaganda analysis, textual compilations will be discovered and analyzed through a set of questions. Previous research show that these two parties has a lot in common and even though both have different political ideology and framework, they both have populist rhetoric as one of the key elements in their rhetoric. With Sweden democrats currently being the third biggest party in Sweden there is an interest to see what they have in common with the first populist party in Sweden during the modern era, New Democracy. Do the populist characteristics in Sweden Democrats manifesto have similar attributes as the in New Democracy manifesto? The result of the study shows that the populist rhetoric is used in different ways, with different ideological purposes but is built from the same springboard.

The aim of the paper is to do a quantitative comparison of the manifestos from a number of European parties that are being put in a mutual party family often referred to as “radical right-wing populist”. The main primary source is the Comparative Manifesto Project database from which the data was gathered for analysis. A number of variables which operationalise typical traits of the party family were picked from the codebook of the database and the parties’ values of these variables were compared and presented in diagrams. Through the analysis it was shown that the parties vary to a great extent in what they put the greatest focus on in their manifestos. It could also be concluded that even parties which had similar values in one category still brought it up from different angles. The essay also brings up suggestions for future research within the same area of research.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo refletir sobre a (re)produção de sentidos que os índios constroem para si mesmos. O corpus é constituído por três cartas e dois manifestos de circulação online. Esses textos, datados de 2012 e 2013, são apresentados em nome de uma coletividade indígena. Os pressupostos teóricos que embasam este trabalho são os da Análise do Discurso (AD) de corrente francesa, conforme proposições de Michel Pêcheux. Para contemplar o objetivo deste trabalho, mantém-se como foco de análise algumas marcas linguísticas: a primeira pessoa do plural; algumas denominações e determinações; e certos verbos e locuções verbais. Os efeitos de sentidos produzidos pelos índios para si mesmos são marcados pela diferença e pela separação entre índios e não índios. São sentidos que ressalvam a diversidade indígena e apontam os índios como combativos, em confronto com o Estado e com alguns segmentos da sociedade. Foi possível observar as relações estabelecidas entre duas posições-sujeito (posição-sujeito 1, índio no desamparo e posição-sujeito 2, índio na resistência) constituídas em uma mesma formação discursiva. / This research aims to reflect on the meaning (re)production that the Indians build for themselves. The corpus consists of three letters and two online movement manifests. These texts, dating from 2012 and 2013 are presented on behalf of an indigenous collectivity. The theoretical assumptions that support this paper are those based on French Discourse Analysis (AD), according to the Michel Pêcheux‟s propositions. In order to contemplate the objective of this work, it is kept as an analytical focus some linguistic marks: the first plural person, some denominations and determinations and certain verbs and phrasal verbs. The effects of meanings produced by the Indians for themselves are marked by the difference and separation between Indians and non-Indians. They are directions which reserve the indigenous diversity and point the Indians as combative, in confrontation with the state and with some segments of society. It was possible to observe the relations established between two subject-positions (subject-positions 1, Indian helplessness and subject-position 2, Indian resistance) constituted in the same discursive formation.

There is a shortage of qualitative research inquiring into Swedish election manifestos, which could provide the research field with a deeper understanding of how the EU is discussed in election manifestos. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to examine signs of Europeanisation in Swedish election manifestos, employing a qualitative content analysis and the theoretical concepts of politicisation and Europeanisation. The results show that Swedish parties politicise several different dimensions of the EU in both national and European election manifestos, discussing contextual factors as well constitutional issues. While the parties thus display signs of Europeanisation, they discuss the EU ambiguously which adds complexity to the image of Swedish parties’ election manifestos as Europeanised. This thesis sheds light on how Swedish parties' EU discussion can be approached qualitatively, providinga deeper understanding of EU contents of election manifestos.