The aim of this thesis is to sum up the information connected with marijuana and cannabis topic in relation to their effects, use and misuse. At the beginning of my research three hypotheses have been determined . They have been based on the electronic questionnaires which have been answered by respondents in lower secondary schools. The results of my thesis are shown in its applied part. According to the questionnaire the first hypothesis has been confirmed. 17,68 % of survey participants have tried marijuana at least once in their lives. The second hypothesis has not been taken to be true, because although there is a prevention in primary schools, it doesn't provide pupils ' awareness of this problem completely. The third hypothesis has been proved false as well, because more than 50 % of the respondents said that they have already learnt about cannabis in Science. Key words: marijuana, hemp drugs, cannabis, Cannabis sativa

Ingeniero Civil Industrial / Este trabajo tiene como objetivo diseñar e implementar una aplicación que recolecte información de los usuarios chilenos de Twitter para monitorear el consumo y opinión sobre la marihuana dentro del mismo contexto, y evaluar los resultados con respecto a los valores reales de la población nacional. La aplicación se sostiene como rama de investigación del proyecto CORFO, "OpinionZoom". El cual está enfocado en explorar grandes bases de datos generadas gratuitamente para recopilar, organizar y extraer conocimiento. Es por esto que fue contactado por la Unidad de Adicciones del Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile para aplicar este enfoque en el estudio de drogas en Chile. Especialmente en la marihuana, cuyo consumo ha evidenciado un crecimiento promedio sostenido durante los últimos años, aumentando los costos asociados a la droga. Por esta razón, se buscan nuevas herramientas que puedan explicar el comportamiento reciente. La cantidad total de información digital ha explotado en los últimos años, siendo conformada en su mayoría por datos no estructurados. Esto se explica por la mayor participación de los usuarios de sitios web en la creación de contenido. Particularmente, Twitter brinda un ambiente donde pueden compartir libremente, lo cual genera gran cantidad de información relacionada con la vida de sus usuarios. La aplicación de Text Mining, Data Mining y Web Opinion Mining habilita la extracción de patrones desde datos estructurados y no estructurados para obtener información relevante que apoye la toma de decisiones. La clasificación de textos y los sentimientos emitidos por ellos pueden ser combinados con la estructura de las relaciones entre usuarios para replicar el alto poder predictivo del contorno social con respecto al consumo de marihuana. La implementación de la aplicación fue realizada en código Java, utilizando el paradigma de programación modular. La aplicación permite extraer tweets relacionados con marihuana, clasificarlos con respecto a categorías, extraerles la polaridad y combinarlos con medidas de Análisis de Redes Sociales para predecir el consumo de marihuana. Los resultados señalaron que la combinación de modelos con rendimientos medianamente buenos es útil para predecir el consumo de marihuana a nivel individual. A nivel agregado se obtuvieron resultados prometedoras, pero aún faltan datos para la validación estadística, dejando los resultados a la interpretación del cliente. Se concluye que la información generada en Twitter representa una herramienta poderosa para comprender el comportamiento de las personas y ayudar a la toma de decisiones del estado con respecto a políticas públicas.

El Rif es una región que históricamente ha sufrido una marginación por parte del poder central marroquí lo que ha potenciado el surgimiento de una serie de fenómenos económicos inscritos en la economía ilegal tales como el contrabando o el cultivo de cáñamo. Este cultivo de cáñamo y su transformación está provocando una serie de consecuencias económicas, sociales y políticas que dislocan la sociedad tradicional y que hacen emerger una nueva clase social fruto de estas actividades. Además de ellos el cultivo del cáñamo puede provocar y de hecho ya lo está haciendo unas consecuencias de tipo ecológico y medioambiental de consecuencias perjudiciales para la región en cuanto lo que signifique de desforestación, erosión, agotamiento de los recursos hídricos, etc. La actitud de las autoridades marroquíes hasta el momento actual es de consentir el cultivo ante el gran desafío que significa desarrollar una región de escasos recursos, sobre poblada y que ha estado viviendo de una agricultura de subsistencia o de las mencionadas actividades ilegales. / Moreno Torregrosa, P. (1998). Estudio del cultivo de Cannabis Sativa en el Rif marroquí. Sus consecuencias socioeconómicas para la Región [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/4623

Objectives: Both substance use, on the one hand, and the first signs of psychosis, on the other, commonly begin in adolescence. Adolescents with substance use disorder (SUD) frequently show recreational use of cannabis and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). When attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) occur during the course of SUD, they are commonly attributed to the cannabis use, neglecting the role of other substances abused, such as MDMA in the risk of psychosis. Methods: We analyzed retrospective self-reports on APS (Prodromal Questionnaire, PQ-16) and amount of cannabis and MDMA use in n = 46 adolescent psychiatry outpatients with SUD. N = 17 (35%) individuals reported MDMA consume additional to cannabis. Furthermore, we examined the associations of APS with cannabis and MDMA use in stepwise hierarchical regressions while controlling for trauma history, birth complications and gender. Results: APS were not related to cannabis (B = 0.04, p = 0.842), but to MDMA use (B = 4.88, p = 0.001) and trauma history (B = 0.72, p = 0.001). Gender (B = −0.22, p = 0.767) and birth complications (B = −0.68, p = 0.178) were not associated with APS. Discussion: Our results indicate that MDMA use additional to cannabis use is associated with APS among adolescent SUD patients. Contrary to our expectations, we did not see an association of cannabis use and APS. We speculate that cannabis increases the risk for psychosis after a longer period of use and in combination with other risk factors, such as trauma history. Clinicians should screen for APS among SUD patients using MDMA and cannabis in order to adapt treatment plans of SUDs. Future research should validate these findings in longitudinal studies including polysubstance use and trauma history.

The diploma thesis is focused on the smoking issue of adolescents of different secondary schools in Pilsen. The theoretical part covers the current situation of smoking habit in the Czech republic and its legislation, and it clarifies a few definitions of addictions. This part also describes different types of smoking, including risks, which are connected with them. There are also adolescent development descriptions, their personalities and social abilities. Another part of the thesis covers important life factors. The last chapter includes smoking prevention. The empirical part explores an attitude to smoking of students of particular types of secondary schools of Pilsen (secondary vocational schools and grammar schools) and it compares them. The research was done by questionnaire. The data analysis brought information about smoker and non-smoker number while the sex, type of school, family, friends and other aspects were taken into consideration. Key words smoking (habit), tobacco, cigarettes, marijuana, water pipe, e-cigarette, adolescence, smoking prevention

Diploma thesis "Marihuana: drug or medicine?" deals with recent change of a medicine law and with process enabling treatment by marihuana. It identifies stakeholders and advocacy coalitions involved in the law and public policy enforcement and explains what is the motivation for these coalitions and on which values is the motivation based. Using event analysis this thesis shows timeline of events moving towards the change of the law and reveals the stakeholders who are significant for the change. Their public speeches are analyzed and stakeholders are divided into advocacy coalitions on the basis of the analysis. The conclusion of the qualitative content analysis is verified by half structured interviews with stakeholders representing the coalitions. Three coalitions were identified in cannabis subsystem. First of them is liberal and tries to get the legalization trough, the second one tries to enable a treatment by marihuana for patients and the third coalition is skeptic to cannabis treatment. The thesis explains a participation of these coalitions on the change and their relations to each other.

Based on the analysis to select the function stews because it fully exploits the potential of the place. The primary purpose is the cultivation of cannabis with subsequent production and consumption. It is basically a winery, but transferred to cannabis. Therefore, production and tasting. And fully respect the place I come from him. All remnants of buildings to their benefit and give them functional. I refer to the agricultural activities associated with ANNAHOF.

En el Perú, los tratamientos farmacológicos para el tratamiento de enfermedades crónicas como enfermedades oncologicas, epilepsia y parkinson no están mostrando eficacia en los resultados de su tratamiento. Ademas, agregando a la gran cantidad de efectos adversos que conlleva tomar gran cantidad de fármacos por estos pacientes nos lleva a plantear soluciones menos nocivas para la salud, con la finalidad de mejorar su calidad de vida de los pacientes. El consumo del aceite de cannabis esta en auge por los grandes beneficios que ofrece en el tratamiento y sobre todo por los pocos efectos adversos, en la actualidad para el consumo del aceite de cannabis no se cuenta con boticas especializadas para su dispensación que ofrezcan productos de calidad. La propuesta de elixir de vida es ofrecer Aceite de Cannabis en diferentes concentraciones, al 4%, 10% y 15%, que brinde productos de calidad cerfificados. Para tratar principalmente las enfermedades crónicas y permita recuperar su salud, trabajo y sobre todo las relaciones sociales. El proyecto empresarial de elixir de vida requiere una inversion total de S/ 247,918 soles, nuestro equipo de trabajo asumirá la inversión de 147,918 soles, y requerimos el financiamieto de 100,000 soles para poner en marcha la idea de negocio de nuestro equipo de emprendedores, conformado por Daniela Chrinos, Milagros Brioso, Pedro Fierro y Joel Clares. Quienes cuentan con experiencia en el rubro de la salud. / In Perú, pharmacological treatments for the treatment of chronic diseases such as oncological diseases, epilepsy and Parkinson's are not showing efficacy in the results of their treatment. In addition, adding to the large number of adverse effects involved in taking a large number of drugs by these patients leads us to propose less harmful solutions for health, in order to improve their quality of life for patients. The consumption of cannabis oil is booming because of the great benefits it offers in the treatment and especially for the few adverse effects, currently for the consumption of cannabis oil there are no specialized pharmacies for dispensing products that offer quality. The elixir of life proposal is to offer Cannabis Oil in different concentrations, at 4%, 10% and 15%, which provide quality products with a certified content. To treat mainly chronic diseases and to recover their health, work and especially social relations. The business project of elixir of life requires a total investment of S / 247,918 soles, our work team will assume the investment of 147,918 soles, and we require the financing of 100,000 soles to start up the business idea of ​​our team of entrepreneurs, conformed by Daniela Chrinos, Milagros Brioso, Pedro Fierro and Joel Clares. Those who have experience in the field of health. / Trabajo de investigación

195f. / Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2013-10-09T14:32:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - JORGE EMANUEL LUZ DE SOUZA.pdf: 2348560 bytes, checksum: 9c280ad2dbabb02897ac347102612b83 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2013-10-30T14:34:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - JORGE EMANUEL LUZ DE SOUZA.pdf: 2348560 bytes, checksum: 9c280ad2dbabb02897ac347102612b83 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-30T14:34:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DISSERTAÇÃO - JORGE EMANUEL LUZ DE SOUZA.pdf: 2348560 bytes, checksum: 9c280ad2dbabb02897ac347102612b83 (MD5) / CAPES / Este trabalho pretende discutir o processo histórico da criminalização da maconha no Brasil pós-1930. Nesse sentido será analisado como se deu a construção do proibicionismo brasileiro das drogas durante o primeiro governos Vargas, que fundiu diretrizes condenatórias da Liga das Nações e características da política externa estadunidense às questões específicas da vida nacional num modelo próprio. Para perceber como esse proibicionismo funcionou na prática, vamos enveredar pelo cotidiano das classes subalternas de Salvador na década de 1950 através das páginas da imprensa diária, evidenciando o projeto de controle social que estava anexado à repressão da maconha. Por fim, se tentará compreender os possíveis significados atribuídos pelos usuários ao hábito do uso coletivo de maconha, demonstrando que a experiência histórica desses não se resumia ao estereótipo do “maconheiro doente e criminoso” apregoado pelo proibicionismo. This paper discusses the historical process of criminalization of marijuana in Brazil post-1930. This will be discussed as it was the construction of the Brazilian prohibition of drugs during the first Vargas government, which merged sentencing guidelines of the League of Nations and characteristics of U.S. foreign policy to the specific issues of national life in its own model. To see how this prohibition worked in practice, we will embark on the daily life of the lower classes of Salvador in the 1950s through the pages of daily newspapers, showing the project of social control that was attached to the repression of marijuana. Finally, we will try to understand the possible meanings attributed by users to the habit of collective use of marijuana, demonstrating that the historical experience of these was not just the stereotypical "pothead sick and criminal" advocated by the prohibition. / Salvador

Esta investigación tiene el objetivo de indagar la capacidad de Control y Tolerancia al Estrés en un grupo de universitarios peruanos que reportan consumo habitual de cannabis. Se evaluaron las características del consumo y, a través del psicodiagnóstico de Rorschach, su capacidad para hacer frente a demandas internas y externas, en relación a un grupo comparativo de no consumidores. Contrastes con el estadístico U de Mann Whitney revelaron una mayor puntuación D en el grupo de usuarios que, por vincularse a la elevación de expresiones afectivas menos moduladas (CF + C), pierde funcionalidad. El consumo se asoció a mayores indicadores de sufrimiento emocional, mayor distanciamiento afectivo e interpersonal, y dificultad para el manejo de situaciones complejas, lo que se replicó en análisis comparativos al interior del grupo de estudio. Las dificultades en torno a la afectividad y las relaciones interpersonales merman la eficacia de los recursos y apuntan a una frágil organización psicológica en la que el consumo de marihuana funciona como vía para lidiar con estados afectivos displacenteros, sentimientos de inadecuación social, y la percepción de limitado control sobre sí mismo. Se discute la importancia de contemplar la vivencia subjetiva de los usuarios y las funciones de su uso, a la vez que se reconoce el alto costo emocional que supone mantener ese estilo de vida. Finalmente, se aborda la utilidad de estos resultados en la creación de medidas de prevención e intervención que contribuyan a empoderar al sujeto y suministren estrategias alternas de regulación y afrontamiento. / This research aims to investigate the Tolerance and Stress Control in a group of peruvian university students that report regular cannabis use. The characteristics of marihuana consumption were evaluated and, through the Rorschach inkblot test, user’s ability to cope with sources of tension, in contrast to a comparative group of non-users. Contrasts with the Mann Whitney U statistic revealed a higher D score in the study group, which, when linked to the elevation of less modulated affective expressions (CF + C), loses functionality. Marihuana use was associated with higher indicators of emotional distress, greater affective and interpersonal distance, and difficulty in handling complex situations, all of which was replicated in comparative analyzes within the study group. Difficulties with regard to affectivity and interpersonal relationships undermine the effectiveness of resources and point to a fragile psychological organization in which cannabis consumption functions as a way to cope with unpleasant affective states, feelings of social inadequacy and the perception of little self-agency. We discussed the importance of taking into account the subjective experience of users and the functions of consumption, while recognizing the high emotional cost of maintaining that lifestyle. These results are useful to structure prevention and intervention programs that contribute to empower the subject and provide regulatory and coping strategies to deal with sources of tension. / Tesis