Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:07:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RenatoKF_DISSERT.pdf: 1459716 bytes, checksum: ca307f9c6e4626cb4ec352ece74b4ff5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-16 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This dissertation is a research on the marked topic construction (CT) in Brazilian personal letters from eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The goal of our research is to verify if CT are present in the writing of Brazilians born in the centuries in question. Our research focus is based on the assumptions of generative theory (CHOMSKY 1981; 1986), which states that grammar is internalized in the mind / brain of the writers, with the emphasis on studies of grammatical change, as pointed texts by Paix?o de Sousa (2004), Carneiro (2005); Galves, Namiuti and Paix?o de Sousa (2006) and Martins (2009). Our corpus was extracted from Projeto Para a Hist?ria do Portugu?s Brasileiro (PHPB) and Cartas Brasileiras colet?nea de fontes para o estudo do portugu?s. We selected forty-six correspondents who should be inserted into the two criteria set out in this research: to be Brazilian and be born in the centuries mentioned above, so that we could find legitimate topic constructions of PB. This work is based on researches by Pontes (1987), Mateus et al. (2003), Araujo (2006, 2009), Berlinck, Duarte and Oliveira (2009), which actively support us in the study of this linguistic phenomenon in Portuguese. The results show that the marked topic construction in our corpus appear on the writing of Brazilians since the second half of the eighteenth century, while the typical constructions in Brazilian Portuguese locative topic, subject topic and copy topic - are already reflected in the I-language of the writers born in the second half of the nineteenth century and the first of the twentieth century / Esta disserta??o consiste em um estudo sobre as constru??es de t?pico marcado (CT) em cartas pessoais brasileiras dos s?culos XVIII, XIX e XX. O objetivo de nossa pesquisa ? verificar que CT est?o presentes na escrita de brasileiros nascidos nos s?culos em quest?o. O nosso foco de investiga??o se fundamenta nos pressupostos da teoria gerativa (CHOMSKY 1981; 1986), a qual afirma que a gram?tica se encontra internalizada na mente/c?rebro dos missivistas, tendo como ?nfase os estudos acerca da mudan?a gramatical, conforme apontam os textos de Paix?o de Sousa (2004); Carneiro (2005); Galves, Namiuti e Paix?o de Sousa (2006); e Martins (2009). O nosso c?rpus foi extra?do do Projeto Para a Hist?ria do Portugu?s Brasileiro (PHPB) e de Cartas Brasileiras colet?nea de fontes para o estudo do portugu?s. Selecionamos quarenta e seis missivistas que deveriam estar inseridos nos dois crit?rios estipulados nesta pesquisa: ser brasileiro e ter nascido nos s?culos mencionados, a fim de que pud?ssemos encontrar as CT leg?timas do PB. Este trabalho est? ancorado nas pesquisas de Pontes (1987), Mateus et al. (2003), Ara?jo (2006; 2009), Berlinck, Duarte e Oliveira (2009), as quais nos respaldar?o no estudo desse fen?meno lingu?stico na l?ngua portuguesa. Os resultados mostram que as constru??es de t?pico marcado em nosso c?rpus aparecem na escrita de brasileiros desde a segunda metade do s?culo XVIII, enquanto que a constru??es t?picas do Portugu?s Brasileiro t?pico locativo, t?pico sujeito e t?pico c?pia j? se encontram refletida na l?ngua-I dos missivistas nascidos na segunda metade do s?culo XIX e na primeira do s?culo XX

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi criar um modelo de glossário de futebol composto por verbetes marcados por diferenças culturais entre o Brasil e a Inglaterra. Partimos da hipótese de que os diferentes jeitos de jogar, a história do futebol em cada cultura, a apropriação cultural das regras na Inglaterra e no Brasil e outros fatores de ordem histórico-social contribuíram para a criação do léxico do futebol em português e inglês. Para conduzir a pesquisa, baseamo-nos na Linguística de Corpus, na Terminologia Textual e na Tradução Técnica como ato comunicativo sujeito a condicionantes culturais, áreas que compartilham o interesse de observar a linguagem real em seu contexto de ocorrência. Recorremos ao conceito antropológico formarepresentação para melhor explicar as diferenças entre o futebol brasileiro e o futebol inglês. O corpus de estudo é comparável e possui 469.765 palavras em português e 600.079 em inglês. Cada subcorpus é composto por cinco categorias de textos: resultados de partidas, descrição de partidas, relatos de partidas com comentários de internautas, notícias sobre compra e venda de jogadores e técnicos e notícias sobre a situação dos times nos campeonatos. O corpus foi submetido à etiquetagem morfossintática por meio do etiquetador Tree Tagger e analisado semi-automaticamente com auxílio do programa WordSmith Tools. Selecionamos dezessete termos e combinatórias léxicas especializadas (CLEs) que são culturalmente marcados e que deram ensejo aos estudos de caso que compõem o modelo de dicionário proposto. A análise desses casos revelou dois aspectos importantes: 1) o futebol brasileiro é frequentemente associado a palavras como drible, criatividade, espontaneidade, habilidade, beleza e ginga, ao passo que o futebol inglês é quase que exclusivamente associado a palavras de força e rapidez; 2) os aspectos histórico-culturais e a história do futebol no Brasil e na Inglaterra influenciaram, de forma direta, a terminologia do futebol em português e inglês, confirmando nossa hipótese. Ao final do trabalho, o modelo de dicionário proposto é apresentado em anexo. / The primary aim of this research is to present a model for a football dictionary consisting of entries marked by cultural differences between Brazil and England. The central hypothesis of this dissertation is that the different ways of playing, the football history in each culture, the cultural appropriation of rules in England and Brazil and other historical and social factors have contributed to the creation of the football lexicon in Portuguese and English. The theoretical dimensions underlying this study are Corpus Linguistics, Textual Terminology and Technical Translation as a communicative act subject to cultural conditions, areas which share an interest in observing language in its actual context of occurrence. We also highlighted the anthropological form-representation concept to better explain the differences between Brazilian football and English football. In order to carry out our analysis, we compiled a comparable study corpus which comprises 469,765 words in Portuguese and 600,079 in English. Each subcorpus consists of five categories of texts: match results, match description, match reports with comments from Internet users, news about players and coaches purchase and sale and news on the position of the teams in the championships. The corpus was annotated with part-of-speech tags through Tree Tagger and investigated with the linguistic analysis software WordSmith Tools. Seventeen culturally marked terms and specialized lexical combinations (CLEs) gave rise to the case studies which constitute the dictionary model. The analysis of these cases revealed two important aspects: 1) Brazilian football is often associated with words like \'dribble\', \'creativity\', \'spontaneity\', \'ability\', \'beauty\' and \'ginga\' whereas English football is almost exclusively associated with words of strength and speed; 2) the historical and cultural aspects and the history of football in Brazil and England have direct impact on the football terminology in Portuguese and English, a conclusion which confirms our initial hypothesis. A model of dictionary entries is attached to this dissertation.

This thesis investigates the impact noise has on Grover’s algorithm when being used to search for multiple items in a database. The main metric being looked at is the probability of the algorithm successfully finding a correct item. The Qiskit framework was used to implement and evaluate the algorithm’s performance in noise-free and noisy environments. Results from the experiments show significant findings. In noiseless tests, the algorithm performs effectively and as expected. However, with the introduction of a noise model, the algorithm’s performance declines noticeably. The probability of it finding a marked item was close to the probability of randomly selecting the same item from the database. This was the case regardless of how many items were marked or the database size. These unexpected outcomes illustrate the disabling effect of noise on Grover’s algorithm. Limitations of the study include noise completely disrupting the algorithm, challenges in accurately modelling quantum noise, and the use of relatively small databases. Further research is needed to explore noise mitigation strategies and assess the algorithm’s robustness in larger-scale scenarios. This research strengthens our understanding of noise’s impact on Grover’s algorithm, showcasing the challenges and limitations of its implementation. It highlights the importance of properly managing noise in quantum computing to fully utilize its potential in efficiently solving complex problems. / Denna avhandling undersöker effekten av brus på Grover’s algoritm för att söka efter flera markerade element i en databas. Huvudfokuset var att undersöka sannolikheten att algoritmen korrekt skulle hitta ett av flera markerade element i en databas. Qiskit-ramverket användes för att utvärdera algoritmens prestanda i brusfria och brusiga miljöer. Resultaten från experimenten var betydelsefulla. I brusfria tester presterar algoritmen effektivt och som förväntat. Men, med införandet av brus minskar algoritmens prestanda avsevärt. Sannolikheten för att algoritmen hittar ett markerat element liknar sannolikheten för att slumpmässigt välja ut samma element från databasen. Detta var fallet oavsett hur många element som var markerade och databasens storlek. Dessa oväntade resultat illustrerar brusets söndrande effekt på Grover’s algoritm. Begränsningar i studien inkluderar att bruset helt får algoritmen att sluta fungera, utmaningar med att noggrant modellera kvantbrus och användningen av relativt små databaser. Vidare forskning behövs för att undersöka strategier för att mitigera brus och bedöma algoritmens robusthet i storskaliga scenarier. Denna forskning stärker vår förståelse för brusets påverkan på Grover’s algoritm och betonar utmaningar och begränsningar vid dess implementering. Den betonar vikten av att hantera brus inom kvantdatorer för att kunna utnyttja deras potential för effektiv lösning av komplexa problem.

This MA thesis focuses on the stylistically marked features that occur in an English radio debate called Any Questions? aired by BBC - Radio 4 and a Czech radio debate called Speciál Martina Veselovského aired on Český rozhlas 1 - Radiožurnál. Stylistically marked features are restricted to certain kinds of social context: in the case of this thesis, it is two radio debates broadcast by public service media. Those linguistics features that are considered stylistically marked in the two debates are identified on the morphological, syntactical and lexical level, and classified into categories based upon a view of their functions. Subsequently, they are described as standard or nonstandard. Some of the features found are shared by both debates. However, some are, due to the different language systems concerned, symptomatic of only one of the languages. The difference between the English and the Czech stylistically marked features is also revealed as to the frequency of their occurrence. Finally, the conclusions about the level of informality of the two debates are drawn.

No description available.

L'analyse de façades (détection, compréhension et reconstruction) à partir d'images acquises depuis la rue est aujourd'hui un thème de recherche très actif en photogrammétrie et en vision par ordinateur de part ses nombreuses applications industrielles. Cette thèse montre des avancées réalisées dans le domaine de la segmentation générique de grands volumes de ce type d'images, contenant une ou plusieurs zones de façades (entières ou tronquées).Ce type de données se caractérise par une complexité architecturale très riche ainsi que par des problèmes liés à l'éclairage et au point de vue d'acquisition. La généricité des traitements est un enjeu important. La contrainte principale est de n'introduire que le minimum d'a priori possible. Nous basons nos approches sur les propriétés d'alignements et de répétitivité des structures principales de la façade. Nous proposons un partitionnement hiérarchique des contours de l'image ainsi qu'une détection de grilles de structures répétitives par processus ponctuels marqués. Sur les résultats, la façade est séparée de ses voisines et de son environnement (rue, ciel). D'autre part, certains éléments comme les fenêtres, les balcons ou le fond de mur, sans être reconnus, sont extraits de manière cohérente. Le paramétrage s'effectue en une seule passe et s'applique à tous les styles d'architecture rencontrés. La problématique se situe en amont de nombreuses thématiques comme la séparation de façades, l'accroissement du niveau de détail de modèles urbains 3D générés à partir de photos aériennes ou satellitaires, la compression ou encore l'indexation à partir de primitives géométriques (regroupement de structures et espacements entre elles / Facade analysis (detection, understanding and field of reconstruction) in street level imagery is currently a very active field of research in photogrammetric computer vision due to its many applications. This thesis shows some progress made in the field of generic segmentation of a broad range of images that contain one or more facade areas (as a whole or in part).This kind of data is carecterized by a very rich and varied architectural complexity and by problems in lighting conditions and in the choice of a camera's point of view. Workflow genericity is an important issue. One significant constraint is to be as little biased as possible. The approches presented extract the main facade structures based on geometric properties such as alignment and repetitivity. We propose a hierarchic partition of the image contour edges and a detection of repetitive grid patterns based on marked point processes. The facade is set appart from its neighbooring façades and from its environment (the ground, the sky). Some elements such as windows, balconies or wall backgrounds, are extracted in a relevant way, without being recognized. The parameters regulation is done in one step and refers to all architectural styles encountered. The problem originates from most themes such as facade separation, the increase of level of details in 3D city models generated from aerial or satellite imagery, compression or indexation based on geometric primitives (structure grouping and space between them)

Les travaux réalisés dans cette thèse s'inscrivent dans le cadre du développement de techniques de mesure optiques pour la mécanique des fluides visant la reconstruction de volumes de particules 3D pour ensuite en déduire leurs déplacements. Cette technique de mesure volumique appelée encore Tomo-PIV est apparue en 2006 et a fait l'objet d'une multitude de travaux ayant pour objectif l'amélioration de la reconstruction qui représente l'une des principales étapes de cette technique de mesure. Les méthodes proposées en littérature ne prennent pas forcément en compte la forme particulière des objets à reconstruire et ne sont pas suffisamment robustes pour faire face au bruit présent dans les images. Pour pallier à ce déficit, nous avons proposé une méthode de reconstruction tomographique, appelée (IOD-PVRMPP), qui se base sur les processus ponctuels marqués. Notre méthode permet de résoudre le problème de manière parcimonieuse. Elle facilite l'introduction de l'information à priori et résout les problèmes de mémoire liés aux approches dites "basées voxels". La reconstruction d'un ensemble de particules 3D est obtenue en minimisant une fonction d'énergie ce qui définit le processus ponctuel marqué. A cet effet, nous utilisons un algorithme de recuit simulé basé sur les méthodes de Monte-Carlo par Chaines de Markov à Saut Réversible (RJMCMC). Afin d'accélérer la convergence du recuit simulé, nous avons développé une méthode d'initialisation permettant de fournir une distribution initiale de particules 3D base sur la détection des particules 2D localisées dans les images de projections. Enfin cette méthode est appliquée à des écoulements fluides soit simulé, soit issu d'une expérience dans un canal turbulent à surface libre. L'analyse des résultats et la comparaison de cette méthode avec les méthodes classiques montrent tout l'intérêt de ces approches parcimonieuses. / The research work fulfilled in this thesis fit within the development of optical measurement techniques for fluid mechanics. They are particularly related to 3D particle volume reconstruction in order to infer their movement. This volumetric measurement technic, called Tomo-PIV has appeared on 2006 and has been the subject of several works to enhance the reconstruction, which represents one of the most important steps of this measurement technique. The proposed methods in Literature don't necessarily take into account the particular form of objects to reconstruct and they are not sufficiently robust to deal with noisy images. To deal with these challenges, we propose a tomographic reconstruction method, called (IOD-PVRMPP), and based on marked point processes. Our method allows solving the problem in a parsimonious way. It facilitates the introduction of prior knowledge and solves memory problem, which is inherent to voxel-based approaches. The reconstruction of a 3D particle set is obtained by minimizing an energy function, which defines the marked point process. To this aim, we use a simulated annealing algorithm based on Reversible Jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo (RJMCMC) method. To speed up the convergence of the simulated annealing, we develop an initialization method, which provides the initial distribution of 3D particles based on the detection of 2D particles located in projection images. Finally, this method is applied to simulated fluid flow or real one produced in an open channel flow behind a turbulent grid. The results and the comparisons of this method with classical ones show the great interest of this parsimonious approach.

Nesta tese que tem como escopo as sentenças marcadas para foco no português falado no Libolo/Angola, reconsideramos a função do verbo ser como cópula e do elemento que como pronome relativo, complementizador ou marcador de foco associados às sentenças tradicionalmente analisadas como clivadas (BRITO & DUARTE, 2003; BRAGA, KATO & MIOTO, 2009). Assim, apresentamos, dentro de uma perspectiva minimalista de derivação por fases phases (CHOMSKY 2000, 2001, 2005, 2008), uma proposta de descrição e análise das construções marcadas para foco no português do Libolo. Além disso, nesta tese apresentamos: i) os aspectos histórico-sociais de Angola e, em específico, do Libolo; ii) um panorama da situação linguística de Angola, destacando o município do Libolo e inserindo um levantamento dos grupos de pesquisa e de trabalhos já realizados que privilegiam a temática da língua portuguesa no país; iii) um capítulo metodológico que não apenas apresenta o caminho para a construção do corpus e delimitação dos dados para a tese, mas levanta, ainda, o percurso que resultou as bases metodológicas do Projeto Libolo em que esta tese se insere. / In this thesis which scope is the focus markeds sentences in the Libolos spoken Portuguese (Angola), we reconsidered the function of the verb \"ser\" as a copula and the element \"que\" as a relative pronoun, complementizer or focus marker associated with the sentences traditionally analyzed as cleft sentences (BRITO & DUARTE, 2003; BRAGA, KATO & MIOTO, 2009). Therefore, we present, in a minimalist perspective of derivation by phase (CHOMSKY 2000, 2001, 2005, 2008), a proposal for a description and analysis of the marked form to focus in the Libolos Portuguese. Furthermore, well feature: i) the social historical aspects of Angola and, in particular, of Libolo; ii) an overview of the linguistic situation in Angola, emphasizing the Libolo and inserting a survey of research groups and publishing already done that privilege the theme of the Portuguese language in the country; iii) a methodological chapter that not only shows the way to build the corpus and delimitation of the data for the thesis, but it raises also the way that led the methodological basis of Projeto Libolo which this thesis is part.

L’outil génomique a considérablement modifié notre connaissance des hémopathies malignes, que ce soit sur le plan physiopathologique, diagnostique, pronostique ou thérapeutique. Dans la première partie de ce travail, nous avons travaillé sur une grande cohorte d’anémies réfractaires sidéroblastiques avec thrombocytose (ARS-T). Nous avons démontré qu’il s’agissait d’une entité indépendante, avec une présentation moléculaire particulière associant (i) des mutations de SF3B1 dans plus de 85% des cas, expliquant son versant myélodysplasique et (ii) des anomalies de JAK2 dans plus de 50% des cas, expliquant son versant prolifératif. La perspective de cette première partie est d’identifier la ou les mutation(s) responsables du caractère myéloprolifératif dans les ARS-T JAK2WT. Les lymphomes B-diffus à grandes cellules (LBDGC) représentent les lymphomes malins non-Hodgkiniens les plus fréquents chez l’adulte. Dans la deuxième partie de ce travail, nous avons réalisé l’analyse par SNP-array d’une série homogène d’échantillons issus de la cohorte CORAL, une étude prospective internationale portant sur les LBDGC en rechute. Notre objectif était d’identifier les anomalies de nombre de copies (ANC) associées à chacun des deux types de rechutes, précoces ou tardives. Les rechutes précoces sont associées à une forte proportion d’anomalies affectant les régulateurs du cycle cellulaire, de l’apoptose et de la transcription. Les rechutes tardives sont associées à des anomalies affectant les régulateurs de l’immunité et de la prolifération cellulaire. Cette étude permet de mieux comprendre les déterminants de la rechute dans les LBDGC et ouvre de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques / Genomics provided new insights in our knowledge of pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, prognosis and therapeutic perspectives in hematological malignancies. In the first part of this work, we studied a large cohort of Refractory Anemia with Ring sideroblasts and marked Thrombocytosis (RARS-T). We demonstrated that RARS-T can be considered as an independent entity, with a specific molecular pattern, associating : (i) SF3B1 mutations in more than 85% of cases, accounting for its myelodysplastic aspect and (ii) JAK2 mutations, accounting for its myeloproliferative aspect in more than 50% of cases. Future prospects of the first part of this work is to identify (the) mutation(s) responsible for the myeloproliferative part of JAK2WT RARS-T. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma in adults. In the second part of this work, we performed SNP-array analysis of a homogeneous series of samples from the CORAL cohort, an international prognostic study on relapsed DLBCLs. Our purpose was to identify Copy Number Variations (CNV) associated ER or LR. ER DLBCLs are associated with high rates of CNVs affecting regulators of cell cycle, apoptosis and transcription. In LR DLBCLs, CNVs are related to immune response and cell proliferation. This study provides new insights into the genetic aberrations in relapsed DLBCLs and open up new therapeutic perspectives

Nesta tese que tem como escopo as sentenças marcadas para foco no português falado no Libolo/Angola, reconsideramos a função do verbo ser como cópula e do elemento que como pronome relativo, complementizador ou marcador de foco associados às sentenças tradicionalmente analisadas como clivadas (BRITO & DUARTE, 2003; BRAGA, KATO & MIOTO, 2009). Assim, apresentamos, dentro de uma perspectiva minimalista de derivação por fases phases (CHOMSKY 2000, 2001, 2005, 2008), uma proposta de descrição e análise das construções marcadas para foco no português do Libolo. Além disso, nesta tese apresentamos: i) os aspectos histórico-sociais de Angola e, em específico, do Libolo; ii) um panorama da situação linguística de Angola, destacando o município do Libolo e inserindo um levantamento dos grupos de pesquisa e de trabalhos já realizados que privilegiam a temática da língua portuguesa no país; iii) um capítulo metodológico que não apenas apresenta o caminho para a construção do corpus e delimitação dos dados para a tese, mas levanta, ainda, o percurso que resultou as bases metodológicas do Projeto Libolo em que esta tese se insere. / In this thesis which scope is the focus markeds sentences in the Libolos spoken Portuguese (Angola), we reconsidered the function of the verb \"ser\" as a copula and the element \"que\" as a relative pronoun, complementizer or focus marker associated with the sentences traditionally analyzed as cleft sentences (BRITO & DUARTE, 2003; BRAGA, KATO & MIOTO, 2009). Therefore, we present, in a minimalist perspective of derivation by phase (CHOMSKY 2000, 2001, 2005, 2008), a proposal for a description and analysis of the marked form to focus in the Libolos Portuguese. Furthermore, well feature: i) the social historical aspects of Angola and, in particular, of Libolo; ii) an overview of the linguistic situation in Angola, emphasizing the Libolo and inserting a survey of research groups and publishing already done that privilege the theme of the Portuguese language in the country; iii) a methodological chapter that not only shows the way to build the corpus and delimitation of the data for the thesis, but it raises also the way that led the methodological basis of Projeto Libolo which this thesis is part.