My work uses process as a course of action that marks the death of moments through a continuous stream of consciousness. I metaphorically link disparate pieces of information to the human condition in order to present multiple readings through juxtaposition. I assemble both abstract and figurative subject matter in a collage-like manner through methods of cropping and fragmentation to symbolize the disjuncture I feel is indicative of how we experience the world through short-lived thoughts, feelings, and actions.

My work uses process as a course of action that marks the death of moments through a continuous stream of consciousness. I metaphorically link disparate pieces of information to the human condition in order to present multiple readings through juxtaposition. I assemble both abstract and figurative subject matter in a collage-like manner through methods of cropping and fragmentation to symbolize the disjuncture I feel is indicative of how we experience the world through short-lived thoughts, feelings, and actions.

Genomförda undersökningar visar att formativ bedömning förbättrar elevers inlärning och förståelse. Den svenska läroplanen från 2011 ger tydliga indikationer på att formativ bedömning ska inkluderas i undervisningen. Vår diskussion i denna uppsats är därför aktuell och den visar hur forskare artikulerar fenomenet formativ bedömning. Litteraturstudien inkluderar information om vad formativ bedömning innebär och förslag på hur man kan arbeta utifrån ett sådant arbetssätt. Vår studie visar att de viktigaste komponenterna inom formativ bedömning är att tydliggöra målen, återkoppling samt själv- och kamratbedömning. Beskrivningarna av dessa resulterar i en analys där vi diskuterar det formativa arbetssättet. Både positiva och negativa aspekter tas upp. Vårt syfte med denna uppsats är att införskaffa djupare kunskaper om formativ bedömning likväl för oss själva som för redan aktiva lärare. Vi har en föraning om att många lärare inte har tillräckliga kunskaper kring ämnet och vår förhoppning är att denna uppsats kan fungera som ett verktyg för lärare som arbetar med eller skulle vilja arbeta med formativ bedömning. / Previous research shows that formative assessments improve pupils’ learning and understanding. Also, the Swedish Curriculum 2011 gives clear guidance that formative assessment should be included in school. Our discussion in this essay is therefore needed and it deals with how researchers articulate the phenomenon formative assessment. The study includes information about what formative assessment means and suggestions for how to work with it are given. The main parts within formative assessment are to clarify learning goals, feedback and self- and peer assessment. The information about these main parts ends in an analysis where a discussion about formative assessment and its positive and negative effects takes place.   Furthermore, the purpose of this essay is to inherit deeper knowledge about formative assessment as well for ourselves as for teachers already on duty. We anticipate that many teachers do not have sufficient knowledge about formative assessment and our expectation is that this essay can function as a tool for teachers who work or would like to work with formative assessment.

Christian life today has been influenced by countless influences from the external world. Although these external factors have a significant bearing on the church of Christ, the greatest challenge however manifests itself from within the latter. Where the core doctrine of the church constitutes issues of theological and Christian importance, they seem to slowly dissipate and the practices of the secular world seem to take ownership of the church of Christ. The Reformed church has within its confines the three marks of the church whose sole purpose is to ensure that the church of God remains and continues to be the true church of Christ. These Three Marks are: (a) the proclamation of the Word; (b) the correct administration of the sacraments, and (c) the correct exercise of discipline. Among the three marks, discipline acts as a catalyst that enables the survival and proper continuance of the other two marks and thus the true church of Christ. These Three Marks prescribe the basic fundamentals of the Uniting Reformed Church in Southern Africa (URCSA) as a Reformed Church and thereby serve as a primary tool for this church. Discipline, therefore, forms an intrinsic part of this church. However, as a controlling mechanism, its influence and/or instillation appears to be neglected. This quagmire may very well be attested to the overemphasis of democracy (of/or relating to majority rule doctrine) in preference to theocracy (God as the ultimate authority in our lives), where even matters of high religious stature are being compacted to human decision-making processes. These influences needless to say are key in the regression and/or progression of Christian life and life in general. However, their inclusion within the Christian doctrine should not be cumbersome to the latter. The Christian way of life and doctrines should be holistically adhered to without fear or favour. The main purpose behind the formation of these marks by the Reformed church was to sustain the true church of Christ and the only way to ensure this sustainability, was to be consistent in exercising these marks. The church therefore has an obligation towards God and its members to be consistent in carrying out its mandate from God through the scriptures as the creator and father of the church and the world at large. The premonition that forms the basis of this research is that within the three prevalent marks of the church, there appears to be certain discrepancies in that they are not all carried out in unison and are not consistent with each other. With the over-emphasis of one above the other, the church of God could be heading towards vanity, and all its efforts could be fruitless. It is also my conviction that the starting point for rolling out these three marks lie with the leadership of the church by the General Synod, Regional Synods, Presbyteries, Ministers and their church councils. If found that any of these key adherents are not protagonists of these marks, then they would have neglected their God-entrusted responsibilities and their accountability towards the entire community of believers. It is in this regard that this research seeks to implement a litmus test of where the URCSA stands in terms of executing its mandate with relation to the three marks of the church viz; proclaiming the word, administering the sacraments and more importantly, exercising exercising discipline as these marks form the sinew that binds the entire church together. The church of Christ as an entity is engaged in service, which is not to be haphazard in nature, but must be structured. This service begins with serving God, serving one another and finally serving the world at large. This will ensure that the church of God maintains its holiness. For this holiness to be ensured, the church of God has to be open to discernment and allow God take charge of His church. Such uncertainties can be verified only by looking into discipline as the sinew that brings these three marks together. The reason for this approach is that, the first two marks are prescriptive with more parameters than discipline has, whereas discipline can be easily influenced. It is to the benefit of this task that much attention be given to discipline as the last mark of the three, as it is prone to abuse, because it relies mainly on human behaviour, attitude and/or approach to the Christian life. Therefore, the purpose of this dissertation is to outline the possible disintegration of discipline as the sinew that binds the three marks of the Reformed Church in general and URCSA in particular within the Southern Synod. important to note that discipline in the lower strata of the church is carried out religiously without question. The notion that prompted this topic is that contrarily, those who occupy the highest echelons of the church (leadership in the church, ministers and evangelists) do not appear to be enjoying the same reception regarding discipline. The challenge that faces the URCSA is how to maintain equal treatment of the three marks of the true church in a democratic society in the light of the service of God, one another and the world. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / M. Th. (Systematic Theology)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Rogerio Cazzali.pdf: 1554479 bytes, checksum: 729af519ce9d57377a2818632df2193a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-11 / This dissertation aim to enlarge the discussion about environment and communication to strengthen trade marks and consolidation of corporation good image. This study was based on qualitative researches with some of the most active companies in Brazil, representing significant sectors, that demonstrated not only to utilize the nature preservation support but, in a great array, in to accomplishment of social responsibility, gain credibility in the presence of the consumer and the society, on a symbolic exercise to surpass, where there are no guilty. The change of focus occurred in the ´80s decade, when the companies decided to reinforce their trade marks instead of the goods production, revealed, from the corporation view, being a very interesting alternative to raise earns. This strategy has made the companies to linking their trade marks to the good social action environment, what has begotten some improvement and signalized that this posture is already a market differential. Even though all the planed symbolism and the capital power, there is still the cities devastation by the nature anger, on an obligated conscience matter exercise that will dictate better and transparent human relations in a near future. / Esta dissertação visa ampliar a discussão sobre comunicação e meio ambiente no fortalecimento de marcas e na consolidação da boa imagem das corporações. O estudo foi feito por meio de pesquisas qualitativas com algumas das mais importantes empresas em atividade no Brasil, representantes de segmentos emblemáticos, e que demonstraram já se utilizar não apenas dos apoios à preservação da natureza, mas, de uma maneira mais ampla, do cumprimento da responsabilidade social para ganharem credibilidade perante o consumidor e a sociedade, num exercício de transcendência simbólica em que não há culpados. A mudança de foco ocorrida na década de 1980, quando as companhias decidiram fortalecer suas marcas, e não mais a produção de bens, mostrou-se, do ponto de vista das corporações, ser uma alternativa muito interessante para elevar ganhos. Essa estratégia fez com que as empresas associassem suas marcas às boas ações socioambientais, o que tem gerado algumas melhorias e sinalizado que esta postura já é um diferencial de mercado. Mesmo assim, acima de todo simbolismo planejado e da força do capital, ainda está a ira da natureza devastando cidades, num exercício forçado de conscientização que deverá ditar relações mais humana s e transparentes em futuro próximo.

SAMPAIO, Fabrício de Sousa. Marcas da identidade docente: vivência, formação e profissão. 2010. 211f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2010. / Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-05T14:13:52Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Dis_FSSAMPAIO.pdf: 1362924 bytes, checksum: 5e9397a25724ab7f2c5454393c9f1ca9 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-05T14:19:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Dis_FSSAMPAIO.pdf: 1362924 bytes, checksum: 5e9397a25724ab7f2c5454393c9f1ca9 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-05T14:19:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_Dis_FSSAMPAIO.pdf: 1362924 bytes, checksum: 5e9397a25724ab7f2c5454393c9f1ca9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / The research aims to analyze the marks that determine the formation and development of teacher identity. These marks constitute the elements of the crossfire which blocks an emancipatory teaching action. The metaphors used - crossfire and marks - refer to effects, learning, signs and impressions experienced by teachers in the course of their personal and professional life that eventually prevent the formation of an emancipatory identity. We used the methodology of ethnographic case study and the Cultural Studies were taken as a lens to see the identity-in-culture. Besides the open and semi-structured interviews, fragments of life stories and informal conversations, a participant observation was conducted to understand the motivations, conflicts, perspectives, acceptances and directions of teachers about their identity construction processes. The look on human identity theory was based primarily on the works of Bauman (1998, 2005, 2007), Woodward (2008), Hall (2006) and Ciampa (2008). To explain the cultural context of human identification, we used Gentili (2008), Torres (2008), Suarez (2008) and Bauman. The State School of Vocational Education Dom Walfrido Teixeira Vieira was chosen as the research field because it is the first professional school in the city of Sobral and because it has an excellent image in the eyes of the sobralense for its teaching-learning effectiveness. The research subjects were sixteen teachers of whom six participated in the interviews. The loci of observation were the monthly planning sessions, lunch intervals, area and continuing education meetings in the 6th CREDE (Regional Centre for Educational Development). It was concluded that the identity of the teachers who participated in the study remains in crisis and the way out or attitude that is left for teachers is the myth-identity or the identity of palimpsest, a reaction to the impossibility of achieving the identities of their preference. / A investigação que se segue objetiva analisar as marcas determinantes no processo de formação e desenvolvimento da identidade docente, marcas essas que constituem os elementos do fogo cruzado inviabilizador da ação docente emancipatória. As metáforas utilizadas - fogo cruzado e marcas – referem-se aos efeitos, aprendizagens, sinais e impressões sentidas pelo docente no percurso de sua vida pessoal e profissional que acabam por impedir a formação da identidade docente emancipatória. Utilizou-se a metodologia do estudo de caso do tipo etnográfico tendo os Estudos Culturais como lente para enxergar a identidade-na-cultura. Além das entrevistas abertas e semi-estruturadas, fragmentos de histórias de vida e diálogos informais, foi realizada a observação participante para compreender as motivações, conflitos, perspectivas, aceitações e sentidos dos docentes acerca dos seus processos de construção identitária. O olhar teórico sobre a identidade humana baseou-se fundamentalmente nos trabalhos de Bauman (1998, 2005, 2007), Woodward (2008), Hall (2006) e Ciampa (2008). Na elucidação do contexto cultural, foram utilizados os teóricos Gentili (2008), Torres (2008), Suárez (2008) e Bauman. A Escola Estadual de Ensino Profissionalizante Dom Walfrido Teixeira Vieira foi o campo de pesquisa escolhido por ser a primeira escola profissionalizante na cidade de Sobral e por deter, frente à comunidade sobralense, uma excelente imagem no tocante à efetivação do processo ensino-aprendizagem de qualidade. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram dezesseis professores dos quais seis participaram das entrevistas. Os locais de observação foram os planejamentos mensais, intervalos para o lanche, encontros de área e de formação continuada na 6ª CREDE (Coordenadoria Regional de Desenvolvimento da Educação). Concluiu-se que a identidade docente dos professores estudados permanece em crise e uma saída ou atitude que se nos apresenta é a identidadedemito – reposição da identidade da mesmice ou a identidade de palimpsesto - predisposta a ser reescrita ou readaptada ao calor das exigências do meio cultural, numa reação à impossibilidade de concretização das identidades de preferência.

CARVALHO, Ednúsia Pinto de. A atenuação retórica em artigos de pesquisa: um estudo contrastivo com base em corpora. 2011. 127f. Tese (Doutorado em Linguística) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza-CE, 2011. / Submitted by nazareno mesquita (nazagon36@yahoo.com.br) on 2012-08-14T15:00:20Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_tese_EPdeCarvalho.pdf: 1630146 bytes, checksum: 3c417235cc5090a6cb9de83fc915f723 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2013-11-14T14:12:48Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_tese_EPdeCarvalho.pdf: 1630146 bytes, checksum: 3c417235cc5090a6cb9de83fc915f723 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-11-14T14:12:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_tese_EPdeCarvalho.pdf: 1630146 bytes, checksum: 3c417235cc5090a6cb9de83fc915f723 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / This thesis investigates, from a rhetoric-contrastive perspective, the uses and functions of rhetoric mitigation metadiscursive marks (here hedging devices) in research articles produced by Brazilian and German authors and understood as specialized texts (HOFFMANN, 1998), inserted in the expert-expert communicative context (PEARSON, 1998). To achieve this goal, the present study aims at answering the following questions: (a) how often are hedging strategies employed in the introduction and conclusion sections? (b) what is the relationship between the number of hedges in each subcorpus and the rhetorical characteristics of each analyzed section? (c) how often do the lexico-grammatical items performing the role of hedges appear in each subcorpus? The starting point for the investigation was the assumption that texts belonging to the same genre but written in different languages present striking rhetorical distinctions. Such differences in academic writing can be described by the use of hedges as discourse-pragmatic elements which characterize the "modus dicendi" of a given knowledge area; in the present case, Medicine. A corpus of 120 research articles from national and international medical journals was built, including texts written in German and Portuguese; the articles were collected from the CAPES periodics website. This corpus consists of 60 Medicine articles written in Portuguese and 60 articles written in German, divided into two subcorpora, namely, Corpus 1: Medicine-German and Corpus 2 : Medicine-Portuguese. The former is made of two subcorpora, (i) German Medicine Introduction (MAI) and (ii) German Medicine Discussion (MAD); the latter is also subdivided into two parts, (i) Portuguese Medicine Introduction (MPI) and (ii) Portuguese Medicine Discussion (MPD). The data were analyzed and processed in accordance with the Corpus Linguistics methodological principles, in an instrumental application of its methods. The data were treated with the help of a linguistic analysis software called WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 1997), version 3.0, especially the Wordlist and Concord tools. In order to investigate and analyze the uses and functions of the hedges, from the Interactional Metadiscourse (HYLAND, 2005) and Intercultural Rhetoric (CONNOR, 2008) perspectives, given the corpora collected, we have proposed a classification model, in accordance with the taxonomies proposed by Hyland (2005), Cabrera (2004) and Martín-Martín (2008). The results of the analysis have pointed to the occurrence of a largest number of hedges, in both languages, in the discussion section of the articles, followed by the introduction section. Both present a high number of occurrences of indetermination devices (epistemic expressions, such as modal verbs, lexical verbs, semi-auxiliary verbs, and modal adjectives / adverbs) and disagentivization (impersonal expressions, passive voice).We can therefore conclude that the authors of the Medicine research articles, both those in Portuguese and in German, employ the same amount of hedges in order to achieve the communicative purposes of the research paper genre, given the position the authors occupy in the academic community and the interpersonal relationship they wish to establish with the audience. This research contributes to minimize the gap in the studies on hedging under a contrastive perspective, based on corpora of scholarly texts in Portuguese and German in the Medicine area. / Esta tese investiga sob uma perspectiva retórico-contrastiva, os usos e as funções das marcas metadiscursivas de atenuação retórica (hedges), em artigos de pesquisa, considerados, aqui, textos especializados (HOFFMANN, 1998), pertencentes ao contexto comunicativo: especialista-especialista (PEARSON, 1998), produzidos por autores (as) brasileiros (as) e alemães (as). Para cumprir tal objetivo, a pesquisa intenciona responder aos seguintes questionamentos: (a) qual a freqüência das estratégias de atenuação retórica utilizadas nas seções introdução e conclusão? (b) qual a relação existente entre o número de marcas metadiscursivas de atenuação retórica em cada subcorpus e as características retóricas de cada seção em análise? (c) qual a freqüência dos itens léxico-gramaticais que realizam as marcas metadiscursivas de atenuação retórica em cada subcorpus. Para tanto, parte-se do pressuposto de que textos pertencentes a um mesmo gênero discursivo, porém escritos em línguas distintas apresentam diferenças retóricas marcantes. Tais diferenças no discurso acadêmico escrito podem ser descritas pelo uso das marcas de atenuação retórica como elemento discursivo-pragmático caracterizador de um “modus dicendi” de uma determinada área do conhecimento, no caso, a Medicina. Para a investigação dessas marcas de atenuação, selecionamos um corpus composto por 120 artigos de pesquisa em Medicina de periódicos nacionais e internacionais, coletados, no site de periódicos da CAPES, escritos em língua alemã e em língua portuguesa. O referido corpus de estudo compõe-se de: 60 artigos em Medicina escritos em português e 60 artigos escritos em língua alemã, divididos em dois subcorpora, a saber, Corpus 1- Medicina Alemão, composto por dois subcorpora: (i) Medicina Alemão Introdução (MAI) e (ii) Medicina-Alemão Discussão (MAD) , Corpus 2- Medicina Português, com dois subcorpora: (i) Medicina Português Introdução (MPI) e (ii) Medicina Português Discussão (MPD). Na análise e tratamento dos dados, utilizamos os princípios metodológicos da Lingüística de Corpus, aplicando seu caráter instrumental. Para avaliar os dados dessa pesquisa, utilizamos o programa computacional de análise lingüística, WordSmith Tools (SCOTT, 1997), versão 3.0, as ferramentas Wordlist e o Concord. Para investigar e analisar os usos e as funções das marcas metadiscursivas de atenuação, sob uma perspectiva do Metadiscurso Interacional (HYLAND, 2005) e da Retórica Intercultural (CONNOR, 2008), tendo em vista os corpora em análise, propomos um modelo classificatório, em conformidade com as taxonomias propostas por Hyland (2005), Cabrera (2004) e Martín-Martín (2008). Conforme os resultados, a seção de discussão concentra o maior número de ocorrências das marcas de atenuação retórica nas duas línguas, seguida da seção de introdução. Ambas apresentam um elevado número de ocorrências das estratégias de indeterminação (as expressões epistêmicas, como verbos modais, lexicais, semi-auxiliares) e os adjetivos/advérbios modais,) e desagentivação (as expressões impessoais, voz passiva). A partir desses resultados, conclui-se que os autores tanto em português como em alemão nos artigos de pesquisa na Medicina fazem uso na mesma proporção de estratégias de atenuação para atender aos propósitos comunicativos do gênero textual-artigo de pesquisa, como também pela posição que ocupam na comunidade acadêmica e pela relação interpessoal que desejam estabelecer com a audiência. Essa pesquisa contribui para minimizar a lacuna existente com relação aos estudos sócio-retóricos das marcas metadiscursivas de atenuação, sob uma perspectiva contrastiva, em corpora escritos em português e alemão de artigos acadêmicos na Medicina.

O desejo de modificar o corpo vem crescendo consideravelmente entre as mulheres, que recorrem às cirurgias plásticas e outros procedimentos estéticos na busca do corpo ideal enaltecido pela mídia. Algumas destas modificam seus corpos desmedidamente, quando realizam vários procedimentos em uma mesma ocasião, ou quando excedem na quantidade de silicone, denotando com isso, um estilo de vida pautado na desmesura. O contexto atual é marcado por uma organização social perversa, ao se configurar a partir do apagamento dos limites e da exaltação de gozo que mobiliza o surgimento de traços perversos independente da estrutura clínica. Desta forma, este trabalho se propôs a realçar alguns traços perversos em três casos de mulheres midiáticas que modificam compulsivamente seus corpos. Coletamos os depoimentos expostos em vídeos disponíveis na internet, privilegiando aqueles que tratavam dos procedimentos estéticos. Para efeito de análise, elegemos os seguintes traços perversos: desmesura e a transgressão dos limites, fixação em objetos parciais, o corpo como objeto fetiche e a busca pelo olhar do outro como forma de gozo. Estas mulheres através da desmesura, desmentem suas faltas oferecendo seu corpo, em partes, como objeto fetiche para o outro olhar. / The body modification is increasing among women who search for plastic surgery and other aesthetic procedures in order to achieve a body that is praised by the media. Some of them modify their bodies beyond measure pulling their floating ribs out to make their waists slimmer, performing many procedures at the same time or when they exceed the amount of silicon implant in their breasts which detonates an undue behavior guideded by the disproportion. However, the current context is marked by a perverse social organization because it sets itself on the boundaries deletion and on the elation of the jouissance and moves the appearance of perverse traces independently on the clinical structure. Thus, this study aims to highlight some perverse traces in three cases of media women that compulsively change their bodies. Weve collected the depositions displayed on internet videos, focusing on those who dealt with the aesthetic procedures. For analysis, weve selected three perverse traces: disproportion and the boundaries transgression, the partial objects fixation, the body as a fetish and the search for other peoples look as way to achieve jouissance. Those women through the disproportion , deny their lacks by offering their bodies, in parts, as a fetish object to the others look.

The thesis consists of two main parts: a theoretical one which includes a separate chapter about the Jizera Mountains as a whole, introducing their geological structure, climate, botanical and zoological species and three public figures connected with the Jizera Mountains. The second part is a practical one. The first chapter which is divided into ten sub-chapters, introduces typical vertebrates, especially those which can be included in education at primary schools and grammar schools. The next chapter mentions nature trails which are later suggested as enriching elements in zoological excursions. These must follow the official paths within the nature conservation area. Certain thought in this thesis is also given to the SPA (Special Protection Area) established to protect the black grouse and the boreal owl. The last but one chapter involves selected centres of ecological education and other organisations organising programmes focused on vertebrates. Then there is classification of primary and secondary education with emphasizing a short survey of which biology textbooks are used at primary schools around Jablonec nad Nisou. Education at secondary schools is supplemented with international researches called PISA and TIMSS serving as a base for the last chapter, which is about enquiry based...

Sedan det första steget togs mot en harmoniserad varumärkesrätt inom EU har grafisk återgivning varit ett krav vid registrering av varumärken, men kravet på grafisk återgivning försvinner i och med EU:s nya varumärkesreform. Syftet med denna uppsats är att belysa och utreda vad detta kommer att innebära för möjligheten att registrera okonventionella varumärken. Utredningen är inriktad på följande okonventionella varumärken: doftmärken, smakmärken, ljudmärken, känselmärken, rörelsemärken och hologram. Syftet med kravet på grafisk återgivning har varit att föremålet för varumärkesskyddet ska fastställas på ett exakt sätt, men kravet har lett till att okonventionella varumärken, särskilt sådana som inte kan uppfattas visuellt, har varit svåra att registrera. Genom en granskning av äldre rättspraxis på området identifieras de specifika problem, avseende den grafiska återgivningen, som finns för vart och ett av de utvalda okonventionella varumärkena. Resultatet av granskningen ligger, tillsammans med en analys av den ändrade varumärkesdefinitionen, till grund för utredningen av de konsekvenser som ändringarna, särskilt borttagandet av kravet på grafisk återgivning, kommer att få för möjligheten att registrera okonventionella varumärken. Resultatet av analysen indikerar att möjligheten att registrera okonventionella varumärken kommer att öka i och med att det framförallt är den grafiska återgivningen som har orsakat problemen vid registrering. En teknikneutral återgivning gör det möjligt att använda nya återgivningsmetoder, vilket i sin tur leder till att de krav som ställs på återgivningen, bland annat att den ska vara klar och lättillgänglig, kan uppfyllas på ett bättre sätt än tidigare. / Graphical representation has been a requirement for registration of non-conventional trade marks since the first step was taken towards a harmonized trade mark regulation in the EU. The requirement for graphical representation was removed as a result of the new trade mark reform. The purpose of this thesis is to illuminate and investigate how the removal of the requirement for graphical representation will affect the possibility to register non-conventional trade marks. The investigation focuses on the following non-conventional trade marks: scent marks, taste marks, sound marks, touch marks, motion marks and holograms. The purpose of the requirement for graphical representation has been to determine the precise nature and extent of the protection that the registered mark provides to its proprietor. However, the requirement has led to difficulties regarding registration of non-conventional trade marks, especially trade marks that cannot be perceived visually. The specific problems, regarding graphical representation, for each one of the selected trade marks, are identified through a review of earlier case-law. The result of the review of the earlier case-law and a review of the new trade mark definition, make up the foundation of the analysis of the consequences the removal of the graphical representation will have on the possibility to register non-conventional trade marks. The result of the analysis indicates that the possibility to register non-conventional trade marks will increase as a result of the removal of the requirement for graphical representation, as it is the graphical representation that has caused most problems for non-conventional trade marks during the registration process. As there is no longer a requirement for the representation to be graphical, it will be possible to use new methods for representation. This will in turn lead to that the criteria the representation must meet, for example that it must be clear and easily accessible, can be better achieved than before.