Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 raquel_souza_gomes_silva.pdf: 921628 bytes, checksum: f9c6385603ff7c27c5d2bcede428a032 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-01 / The body modification is increasing among women who search for plastic surgery and other aesthetic procedures in order to achieve a body that is praised by the media. Some of them modify their bodies beyond measure pulling their floating ribs out to make their waists slimmer, performing many procedures at the same time or when they exceed the amount of silicon implant in their breasts which detonates an undue behavior guideded by the disproportion. However, the current context is marked by a perverse social organization because it sets itself on the boundaries deletion and on the elation of the jouissance and moves the appearance of perverse traces independently on the clinical structure. Thus, this study aims to highlight some perverse traces in three cases of media women that compulsively change their bodies. We ve collected the depositions displayed on internet videos, focusing on those who dealt with the aesthetic procedures. For analysis, we ve selected three perverse traces: disproportion and the boundaries transgression, the partial objects fixation, the body as a fetish and the search for other people s look as way to achieve jouissance. Those women through the disproportion , deny their lacks by offering their bodies, in parts, as a fetish object to the others look. / O desejo de modificar o corpo vem crescendo consideravelmente entre as mulheres, que recorrem às cirurgias plásticas e outros procedimentos estéticos na busca do corpo ideal enaltecido pela mídia. Algumas destas modificam seus corpos desmedidamente, quando realizam vários procedimentos em uma mesma ocasião, ou quando excedem na quantidade de silicone, denotando com isso, um estilo de vida pautado na desmesura. O contexto atual é marcado por uma organização social perversa, ao se configurar a partir do apagamento dos limites e da exaltação de gozo que mobiliza o surgimento de traços perversos independente da estrutura clínica. Desta forma, este trabalho se propôs a realçar alguns traços perversos em três casos de mulheres midiáticas que modificam compulsivamente seus corpos. Coletamos os depoimentos expostos em vídeos disponíveis na internet, privilegiando aqueles que tratavam dos procedimentos estéticos. Para efeito de análise, elegemos os seguintes traços perversos: desmesura e a transgressão dos limites, fixação em objetos parciais, o corpo como objeto fetiche e a busca pelo olhar do outro como forma de gozo. Estas mulheres através da desmesura, desmentem suas faltas oferecendo seu corpo, em partes, como objeto fetiche para o outro olhar.

The present work examines the taxonomy and function of potters’ marks applied to pottery in the Amman-Zarqa region during the last phase of the Early Bronze Age, the so-called EB IV ca. 2350/2300–2000 BC. The study is anchored in a small data set gathered from 12 archaeological sites, in which 24 different mark types have been identified. These mark types - together with their associated vessel classes, circumstances of deposition, and geographical distribution - comprise the background against which previous suggestions regarding potters’ marks are evaluated. Evidence from ethno-archaeological sources concerning traditional potters’ rationales for marking vessels today is also included as part of the interpretive framework. The mode and scale of production is discussed on the basis of the ceramic evidence, the size and character of settlements located within the region, and the socio-economic setting of the EB IV period in general.

Multiple step tests under cyclic strain control have been performed using cylindrical specimens of cast polycrystalline Inconel 738LC superalloy at 23, 700, 500, 800 and 900 °C in laboratory atmosphere to obtain cyclic stress-strain curves. During cyclic straining of specimen were obtained cyclic hardening-softening curves. Their progress changed with temperature and strain amplitude. Evaluated cyclic stress-strain curves are shifted to lower stresses with increasing temperature. Surface relief was observed in fatigued specimens under SEM and metalography under optic microscopy. Slip markings were studied on specimen surface fatigued at 700 °C .Stress-strain response is compared and discussed in relation to the surface observations - persistent slip markings.

El presente estudio estuvo enfocado en analizar la relación entre la calidad percibida, precio y store image en relación a la satisfacción y lealtad de productos de marcas blancas en supermercados. Para ello, se revisó literatura previa enfocada en las variables y la categoría en cuestión que permitan conocer de manera referencial la relación de dichas variables en contextos distintos. Asimismo, basados en esta revisión de literatura, se desarrolló una metodología de recolección de información que compromete a cada una de las variables mencionadas previamente y que será repartida a 400 limeños que cumplan con la condición de haber comprado productos de marcas blancas en los 6 meses previos de su aplicación. Los resultados del estudio se encuentran en función a siete hipótesis planteadas que se desean comprobar. / This study aimed at analyzing the relationship between perceived quality, price and store image in relation to the satisfaction and loyalty of private label products in supermarkets. For this, previous literature focused on the variables and the category in question was reviewed, which allows us to know in a referential way the relationship of these variables in different contexts. Likewise, based on this literature review, an information collection methodology was developed that involves each of the previously mentioned variables and that will be distributed to 400 Lima residents who meet the condition of having bought private label products in the six months prior to the application. The results of the study are based on seven hypotheses that are to be tested. / Tesis / PE

The purpose of the research is the analysis of the concept of bad faith in the sphere of trade marks from the perspective of a fair balance of different interests of the trade mark proprietor and other undertakings in the European market. On the one hand, the starting point of European trade mark law is the protection of exclusive rights conferred on the owner of a registered mark. On the other hand, Article 16 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union guarantees the right to free access to the market. The research work analyses the scope of these conflicting rights and comes to the conclusion that the interests of trade mark law and market competition may have common ground despite different starting points between them. Bad faith behaviour in the market should also be assessed as an acute common issue. In that connection, the objective of the thesis is to examine how the balance of the interests is achieved in European trade mark legislation and in practice, whether this balance is fair when dealing with bad faith. Additionally, the thesis considers the issues of the definition of bad faith in European legislation and possible changes in the European trade mark system related to the concept of bad faith.

La leucémie est une forme de cancer qui affecte les cellules du système hématopoïétique. Selon la lignée cellulaire affectée et la vitesse de développement du cancer, la leucémie peut être myéloïde ou lymphoïde, aiguë ou chronique, respectivement. Chez les enfants, elles sont souvent caractérisées par la présence de translocations chromosomiques, impliquant notamment le gène KMT2A. L'impact biologique de ces fusions de gènes, connues pour être des perturbateurs épigénétiques, est encore mal compris. Afin d’étudier spécifiquement les conséquences de la présence de fusion impliquant le gène KMT2A, un modèle leucémique humain chez la souris a été mis en place. Le modèle utilisé consiste à induire de manière rétrovirale l’expression d’une fusion oncogénique dans des cellules souches hématopoïétiques et progénitrices d’un unique donneur sain. Ces cellules sont ensuite injectées dans des souris immunodéficientes pour produire une leucémie aiguë myéloïde ou lymphoïde après quelques semaines. L’utilisation de ce modèle leucémique vise à définir les gènes qui sont régulés de manière épigénétique et essentiels dans le processus de leucémogenèse médié par une translocation chromosomique faisant intervenir le gène KMT2A. La première partie des travaux cartographie les changements génétiques et épigénétiques à chacun des stades de la leucémogénèse causée par la fusion KMT2A-MLLT3. Nous avons cartographié les changements épigénétiques tels que la méthylation de l’ADN (Methyl-seq), les modifications des histones (ChIP-seq) et l’accessibilité de la chromatine (ATAC-seq), puis les avons corrélés avec les niveaux d’expression des gènes (RNA-seq). Nous avons observé que les leucémies myéloïdes aiguës présentent un phénotype global d'hypométhylation tandis que les changements d'expression après l'addition de la fusion ont mis en évidence l’inactivation de gènes associés aux cellules souches et des altérations dans d'autres gènes impliqués dans la leucémogenèse tels que S100A8/9. Nos données d’ATAC-seq ont montré qu'il y avait relativement peu de changements spécifiques à la leucémie myéloïde aiguë et que la grande majorité correspondait à des régions de chromatine ouvertes et à des régions contenant des motifs pour des facteurs de transcription précédemment observés dans d'autres types de cellules sanguines. L’analyse des marques d’histones associées à des promoteurs actifs suggère également un potentiel rôle du récepteur CCR1 et de son ligand spécifique CCL23. Finalement, nos résultats suggèrent que la transformation leucémique par la fusion KMT2A-MLLT3 implique des modifications épigénétiques minimes qui requièrent également la coopération des réseaux transcriptionnels utilisés dans les cellules sanguines normales. La deuxième partie de cette thèse s’intéresse à la fusion de gènes KMT2A-MLLT4, une translocation chromosomique peu étudiée mais pour laquelle le pronostic vital des patients est connu pour être défavorable et pire que celui des patients porteurs de la fusion KMT2A-MLLT3. L’extension de notre modèle à la fusion KMT2A-MLLT4 nous permet d’appliquer les mêmes approches que précédemment et de détailler les différences génétiques et épigénétiques entre ces deux fusions, jusqu’à maintenant jamais caractérisées. Nous avons pu observer une baisse globale d’expression dans un groupe de gènes intervenant dans les processus ribosomaux et traductionnels. Par ailleurs, PROM1 (CD133) fait office de potentiel candidat biomarqueur permettant la distinction entre ces deux translocations chromosomiques tandis que le gène LPL pourrait jouer un rôle dans la leucémogenèse médiée par la fusion de gènes KMT2A-MLLT4. En conclusion, l’étude des mécanismes à chacun des stades du développement leucémique nous a fourni une meilleure compréhension des changements épigénétiques intervenant dans le processus de leucémogenèse causé par des réarrangements de type KMT2A. Une meilleure caractérisation de la pathophysiologie de la leucémie pourrait permettre d’explorer des avenues thérapeutiques plus ciblées. / Leukemia is a form of cancer that affects blood cells. Depending on the affected cell lineage and the rate at which the cancer grows, leukemia can be myeloid or lymphoid, or acute or chronic, respectively. In children, they are often characterized by the presence of chromosomal translocations, in particular involving the KMT2A gene. The biological impact of these gene fusions, known to be epigenetic disruptors, is still poorly understood. To study the consequences of the presence of gene fusions involving KMT2A, we have developed a human leukemia model. The model consists of transducing hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (CD34+) from a single healthy donor with a retrovirus bearing an oncogenic fusion. These cells are injected into immunodeficient mice to produce acute myeloid or lymphoid leukemia after a few weeks. By using this model, we aim to define genes that are epigenetically regulated and essential in the process of leukemogenesis mediated by KMT2A gene fusions. The first part of this thesis characterized the genetic and epigenetic changes at each step of leukemogenesis caused by KMT2A-MLLT3 gene fusion. We investigated epigenetic changes such as DNA methylation (Methyl-seq), histone marks (ChIP-seq), and chromatin accessibility (ATAC-seq) and correlated these with expression changes (RNA-seq). We observed that acute myeloid leukemias exhibit a profound hypomethylation phenotype while expression changes after addition of the fusion highlighted the loss of stem cell associated genes and alterations in other genes implicated in leukemogenesis such as S100A8/9 in the early stages of leukemic transformation. Our ATAC-seq data showed that there were relatively few changes specific to acute myeloid leukemia and that the vast majority corresponded to open chromatin regions and clusters of transcription factors previously seen in other types of blood cells. Examination of ChIP-seq data for active histone marks revealed that leukemia specific expression of the chemokine CCL23 can enable autocrine signalling through its cognate receptor, CCR1. Our results suggest that KMT2A-MLLT3 induces minimal changes in the epigenome while co-opting the normal transcriptional machinery to drive leukemogenesis. The second part of this thesis focuses on KMT2A-MLLT4 gene fusion, another chromosomal translocation for which the vital prognosis of patients is known to be worse than that of patients carrying the KMT2A-MLLT3 fusion. The extension of our model to the KMT2A-MLLT4 fusion allows us to apply the same approaches and to characterize the genetic and epigenetic differences between these two different leukemias. We were able to observe a dramatic decrease in the expression level of a group of genes involved in ribosomal and translational processes. Furthermore, PROM1 (CD133) acts as a potential biomarker candidate which might be used to make the distinction between these two leukemias. LPL gene might play a role in leukemogenesis mediated by KMT2A-MLLT4 gene fusion. In conclusion, studying the mechanisms at each stage of leukemic development has provided us with a better understanding of the epigenetic changes involved in the process of leukemogenesis mediated by KMT2A rearrangements. A better characterization of the pathophysiology of leukemia could make it possible to eventually develop more targeted therapeutic treatments.

The thesis analyses selected aspects of domain-name law, mainly from the perspective of trade-mark law. It discusses the evolution of the domain-name system and how it operates as background to a more detailed discussion of the theoretical classification of domain names. The thesis then examines the interplay between trade marks and domain names, and the resolution of domain-name disputes resulting from the inherent tension between these two systems. The main principles of domain-name dispute resolution are identified by way of an analysis of the panel decisions handed down in terms of the international Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP) and the South African domain name dispute resolution regulations. This analysis always addresses, too, the extent to which national trade-mark law principles (with reference to the laws of South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America) apply, and the extent to which this is appropriate. / Private Law / LL.D.

Increasing use is being made of various types of scientific evidence in court. The general requirement for the admissibility of such evidence is relevance. Although expert evidence is considered to be opinion evidence, it is admissible if it can assist the court to decide a fact in issue; provided that it is also reliable. In South Africa, the initial wide judicial discretion to either admit or exclude unconstitutionally obtained evidence, has developed into a more narrowly defined discretion under the final Constitution. Examples of scientific evidence, namely, DNA evidence, fingerprints, psychiatric evidence, bite-mark evidence and polygraph evidence are considered and problems inherent in the presentation of such evidence in courts in various jurisdictions are highlighted. An investigation of the presentation and evaluation of evidence in both the accusatorial and inquisitorial systems seems to indicate that the adversarial procedure has a marked influence on the evaluation of evidence / Criminal & Procedural Law / LL.M. (Law)

Includes bibliographical references / Pages not numbered / Music has formed a part of human life as far back as demonstrable. Music existed long before musical instruments made their appearance. The examination of textual evidence read in conjunction with the available archaeologic evidence from the time and area clearly demonstrates which musical instruments were available and the instances they were used at. It clearly points to the lyre as the primary proponent of the musical culture of the time with regards to melodic music. This is confirmed from what we learn from the ancient tuning tablets. There thus is a direct demonstrable connection between the instrument and the theory of the time. Work done on the musical elements of the cantillation marks of the Hebrew Bible comfortably fits into this framework and appears to be a direct influence on the manner in which the Psalms were sung and composed. A combination of literary, archaeological and musical sources can thus be used within a literary and historical approach to demonstrate the availability of musical instruments in AIP, the manner in which tonality was recorded and its influence on the development of the Psalms. / Old Testament and Ancient Near Eastern Studies / M.A. (Biblical Archaeology)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:19:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Rafael Marchetti Marcondes.pdf: 1347987 bytes, checksum: 064a7cffc09bde12d7bad74a6152d70f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-04-11 / This work analyzes the assessment of income tax (IR) on amounts received as royalties under trademark and patent license agreements from a Brazilian tax law perspective. Based on a general scenario, methodological cuts were made and key concepts and premises defined to place marks, inventions, utility models and transgenic microorganisms within the universe of intangible assets. The work also examines the forms of protection granted by the State to these figures (patents and registrations) and the resulting considerations (capital gains and royalties), before entering the specific field of Tax Law. In reliance on the constitutional concept of income and on the contours given by supplementary legislation, an analysis was made of the different modes of income tax assessment on royalties derived from trademark and patent license agreements and of the applicable deductibility rules. Finally, the application of the transfer pricing rules and of international treaties for the avoidance of double taxation was reviewed with respect to royalties received by beneficiaries domiciled in Brazil and abroad, when one of the parties resides in Brazil and the other does not. Concluding, the situations in which income tax is levied and the scope and lawfulness of the restrictions imposed by the maker of ordinary laws at the moment the income tax base is determined were delineated within the current prevailing system of laws / O trabalho analisa a incidência do Imposto sobre a Renda (IR) sobre as quantias recebidas a título de royalties em decorrência da outorga de licença de uso de marcas e de patentes no Direito Tributário brasileiro. Para tanto, partiu-se de um panorama geral, no qual foram feitos cortes metodológicos, definidos premissas e conceitos-chave com a finalidade de situar as marcas, invenções, modelos de utilidade e micro-organismos transgênicos no universo dos bens imateriais. Tal trabalho passou ainda pelo exame das formas de proteção concedidas pelo Estado a essas figuras (patentes e registros) e pelas contraprestações delas decorrentes (ganhos de capital e royalties), antes de adentrar no campo específico do Direito Tributário. Nessa seara, com fundamento no conceito constitucionalmente pressuposto de renda e nos contornos dados pela legislação complementar, foi feita uma análise da incidência do IR nas suas diferentes modalidades sobre os royalties resultantes de contratos de licença de uso de marcas e de patentes e as regras aplicáveis de dedutibilidade. Por fim, ainda foi examinada a aplicação das regras de preços de transferência e dos tratados internacionais para evitar a dupla tributação da renda em relação aos royalties percebidos por beneficiário domiciliado no Brasil e no exterior, quando uma das partes reside no País e a outra não. Como conclusão, foram delimitados as situações de incidência do IR, o alcance e a legitimidade das restrições impostas pelo legislador infraconstituicional no momento da apuração da base de cálculo do imposto, tendo em vista a atual ordem jurídica em vigor