Este trabalho tem o objetivo de avaliar a influência das propriedades elásticas da interface bloco-argamassa no comportamento elástico global de paredes de alvenaria. Por ser um material heterogêneo, as propriedades mecânicas da alvenaria são influenciadas pelas propriedades dos seus diferentes componentes, bloco e argamassa, e pela ligação entre eles. As juntas de argamassa constituem planos de fraqueza, desta forma, características como rigidez, direção e o estado de tensão podem influenciar consideravelmente o comportamento global e consequentemente os parâmetros de projeto. O trabalho foi composto por duas etapas, uma experimental e outra numérica. Na etapa experimental um extenso programa de ensaios foi realizado buscando avaliar as propriedades elásticas normais e tangenciais as juntas de argamassa. Nesta etapa também é apresentado um conjunto de procedimentos que possibilita a caracterização dos componentes da alvenaria de forma não destrutiva. Um estudo paramétrico foi realizado na parte numérica, permitindo identificar quais propriedades da interface exercem mais efeito sobre o comportamento elástico da alvenaria. Também foi avaliado como a heterogeneidade da alvenaria pode afetar a distribuição de ações horizontais ao longo de uma edificação. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que a interface bloco-argamassa exerce influência significativa sobre o comportamento elástico da alvenaria, entretanto esta relação depende da razão altura/largura da parede estudada. A distribuição das ações horizontais demonstrou ser bastante afetada pela deformação por cisalhamento, no entanto a consideração da interface não resultou em contribuição significativa. / This work aims to evaluate the influence of the elastic properties of unit - mortar interface in the global elastic behavior of masonry panels. As a heterogeneous material, the mechanical properties of masonry are influenced by the properties of its different components, unit, mortar, and the bond between them. The mortar joints are weakness planes, thus features like stiffness, direction and state of stress can greatly influence the global behavior and the design parameters. The study was composed of an experimental and numerical analysis. In experimental analysis an extensive test program was conducted with focus on normal and tangential elastic properties of the unit-mortar interface. In this part of the work a set of procedures that enable the characterization of the masonry components nondestructively is also presented. A parametric study was conducted in the numerical analysis, allowing the identification of which properties of the interface have a greater effect on the elastic behavior of masonry. The effect of the heterogeneity of the masonry in the distribution of lateral loads in a building was also evaluated. Results indicated that the block-mortar interface has a significant influence on the elastic behavior of masonry; however this relationship depends on the ratio aspect of the panel. The distribution of lateral loads was greatly affected by shear deformation; however the consideration of the interface resulted in no significant contribution.

Neste trabalho, por meio de uma metodologia experimental foram analisados vários aspectos de tijolos modulares compostos por misturas binárias e ternárias de solo-cimento e solo cimento-sílica produzidos em prensa manual modelo SAHARA, com a finalidade de se obter parâmetros e diretrizes que visam um melhor desempenho do material. Realizaram-se ensaios em corpos-de-prova cilíndricos de maneira acessória no decorrer do trabalho, o que resultou no suporte para fundamentação de diversas avaliações sobre as composições de traços utilizados na fabricação dos tijolos. Foram executados painéis de parede com o objetivo de verificar o comportamento da alvenaria em relação à resistência à compressão e à deformabilidade das paredes, possibilitando correlações com os resultados dos ensaios de prismas, tijolos e argamassa de assentamento. As contribuições da pesquisa permitem relacionar a tecnologia da fabricação de tijolos de solo-cimento com o contexto de construção sustentável e o aproveitamento de resíduos industriais, além de sistematizar informações para a elaboração de um projeto tecnológico com os tijolos modulares / In this work, several aspects of modular bricks composed by binary and ternary mixtures of soil-cement and soil-cement-silica, produced by manual press model SAHARA, were analyzed by means of an experimental methodology, with the purpose of obtaining parameters and guidelines to aim a better performance of the material. During the work, tests in cylindrical samples were executed in an accessory way, what resulted in the support for theoretical basement of several evaluations about the compositions of proportions used in brick's production. Wall panels were constructed with the objective of verifying the masonry’s behavior in relation to the compressive strength and wall’s strain, promoting correlation with the test’s results in prisms, bricks and mortar. The research’s contributions allow to relate the technology of the production of soil-cement bricks with the context of sustainable construction and the use of industrial residues in the production of construction materials, besides systematizing information for the elaboration of a technological project with the modular bricks

Este trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento de um componente construtivo para alvenaria estrutural, utilizando o resíduo industrial escória de aciaria elétrica como matéria-prima em substituição a todos os agregados naturais. Para desenvolver este componente, inicialmente foram verificadas suas propriedades físicas, químicas e toxidade, para caracterizar o material e estabelecer metodologias de dosagens dos agregados. Nos ensaios para estabelecer dosagem, foi constatado que a matriz cimentícia estava contaminada, requerendo redução da fração de cimento para assegurar que o composto atendesse os parâmetros normativos ambientais. Uma linha experimental de fabricação foi implantada no laboratório para verificar a viabilidade técnica e econômica da industrialização das peças do componente construtivo. Foi observado que os custos de produção do novo componente são inferiores aos das unidades comumente produzidas no mercado. As propriedades físicas, mecânicas, dimensionais, de absorção de água e de retração das unidades de alvenarias ensaiadas com o componente construtivo demostraram desempenho satisfatório e viável para utilização em alvenaria estrutural. Uma vez que não existem parâmetros normativos específicos para o uso desta matéria-prima, foram utilizados os requisitos normativos de blocos de concreto como referência. O desempenho do novo componente de alvenaria, enquanto sistema construtivo, foi avaliado em aplicação experimental piloto, com resultados satisfatórios em relação ao processo de montagem das peças intertravadas, à viabilidade de automação da etapa de alvenaria, à relação de interface do componente construtivo com materiais de construção existentes no mercado, e ao seu desempenho térmico, estrutural e de estanqueidade. Os resultados permitem concluir que é viável a aplicação do resíduo de escória de aciaria como agregado em componentes construtivos de alvenaria estrutural. / This thesis describes the development of a constructive component for structural masonry, using the industrial residue slag of electrical steel shops as raw material, replacing all natural aggregates. To develop such component, its physical and chemical properties, as well as its toxicity, were verified, aiming at characterizing the material and establish methods to calculate the dosage of the aggregates proportion in the mixture. In the tests to define the dosage, it was found that the cement matrix itself was contamined, requiring decreasing its fraction to ensure the mixture was in accordance to environmental parameters. An experimental facility was installed at the laboratory, aiming at verifying the technical and economical feasibility of masonry parts manufactured with the component. It was observed lower costs compared with typically available parts. The properties of the masonry parts, such as physical, mechanical, dimensional, water absorption and retraction, were tested, with satisfactory performance results. Once there are no specific parameters to be applied to this particular raw material, it was used technical standards applied to regular concrete blocks. The performance of the new masonry component, as a constructive system, was evaluated in pilot application, with satisfactory results in terms of assembly of interlocked parts, masonry stage automation, interface with typical materials, as well as its termal, structural and leaking properties. The overall results allow the conclusion that using slag of electrical steel shops as aggregated raw material of masonry components are viable.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:48:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Berenice_Lagos_Guedes_Tese.pdf: 24121677 bytes, checksum: bc8dc00229d5d229a05dd094a790f9ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-16 / This work aims at demonstrating the link between the Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil and Freemasonry, especially with regard to the joint influence that these two institutions have had on the History of Education in Rio Grande do Sul, interfering markedly and acting together in the fight for secular education and for other religious denominations so that they could enter into the educational space. It is analyzed their interplay, but also their contradictions and paradoxes, presenting the point of view of the Anglican Church (unknown or almost unknown in academia) on the collisions in Education, having as essential corpus the documents of the Official Journal of the Anglican/Episcopal Church, the Christian Banner editions published between 1901 to 1970 (the year prior to Law 5692/71) that reports, pari passu, all the missionary work done by the Anglican Episcopal Church of Brazil, even bringing the Educational Project to Rio Grande do Sul. It was performed an exhaustive and critical reading of the Christian Banner, doing a triangulation among the interviews of Masons (and not Masons), the Masonic and Anglican documents analyzed and the photos, seen as historical documents from the period (and even the ones that are not from this period, to clarify the evidence of what is to prove). The method of qualitative research was used, and the results were analyzed by Content Analysis and Discourse Analysis, opting for either when it was required, with results being presented in a descriptive way. It was concluded that the Anglican/Episcopal Church had strong links with Freemasonry (since its reformulation from Operative Masonry to Speculative Masonry, London, 1717) in Rio Grande do Sul, during the historical period of this work, and worked together in the creation and maintenance of the Parochial Schools of the Anglican Episcopal Church and also of the secular, but not atheist, schools, fighting together for a public school where there is freedom of conscience, religious freedom, co-education, access to education for everyone, endorsing new teaching methodologies and encouraging scientific research, although sometimes contradictions and paradoxes might appear during the practice to achieve these goals. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo comprovar a ligação entre a Igreja Episcopal Anglicana do Brasil e a Maçonaria, principalmente no que se refere à influência conjunta que estas duas Instituições tiveram interferindo de forma marcante na História da Educação do Rio Grande do Sul, atuando em conjunto na luta pela Educação Laica e para que outras denominações religiosas pudessem adentrar no espaço educacional. Analisa-se suas imbricações, mas também contradições e paradoxos, apresentando-se a visão da Igreja Anglicana (desconhecida ou quase desconhecida no meio acadêmico) nos embates sobre a Educação,tendo como corpus documental fundamental o Periódico Oficial da Igreja Episcopal/Anglicana, o Estandarte Cristão, edições publicadas no período de 1901 a 1970 (ano imediatamente anterior à Lei 5692/71) e que relata, pari passu, todo o trabalho missionário realizado pela Igreja Episcopal Anglicana do Brasil, trazendo ainda o seu Projeto Educacional para o sul do Brasil. Foi realizada uma leitura exaustiva e crítica do Estandarte Cristão no período em tela, realizando-se uma triangulação com entrevistas realizadas com maçons (e não maçons), análise de documentos maçônicos e de fotos do período (e até fora dele, para tornar mais claros os indícios do que se pretende provar), vistas as fotos também como documentos históricos. Utilizou-se o viés de uma pesquisa Qualitativa, cujos resultados foram analisados pela Análise de Conteúdo e Análise do Discurso, optando-se por uma ou outra quando se fez necessário, sendo os resultados apresentados de modo descritivo. Concluiu-se que a Igreja Eiscopal/Anglicana teve fortes ligações com a Maçonaria (desde sua mudança de Maçonaria Operativa para Maçonaria Especulativa em Londres, 1717) e no Rio Grande do Sul, no período histórico deste trabalho, e estiveram juntas na criação e manutenção de Escolas Paroquiais da Igreja Episcopal Anglicana e de escolas públicas laicas, mas não atéias, batendo-se juntas por uma escola pública onde predominasse a liberdade de consciência, a liberdade religiosa, a co-educação, o acesso à educação pelas camadas populares, referendando novas metodologias de ensino, incentivando as pesquisas científicas, em um clima de inclusividade, embora algumas vezes surgindo contradições e paradoxos na práxis para a consecução destes objetivos.

En el presente trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo sistematizar la información sobre las características de edificaciones de albañilería en una plataforma geoespacial, basándonos de las aplicaciones de una función de vulnerabilidad (centro histórico Chiclayo) para el análisis de la vulnerabilidad y posteriormente evaluar el riesgo sísmico. Las edificaciones de albañilería confinada en los AA.HH, en específico de los sectores de estudio. Son viviendas que se construyen sin la supervisión de un especialista (ingenio civil), donde las viviendas son construidas generalmente por los propios pobladores o un maestro de obra de la zona, quienes desconocen las mínimas características del Reglamento Nacional de Edificaciones. Teniendo este escenario se ha realizo el análisis bajo once (11) parámetros para poder determinar la vulnerabilidad y el riesgo sísmico. Donde la característica principal del problema es, que se tiene como escenario las autoconstrucciones en las edificaciones de albañilería, donde esta situación pone en peligro a gran parte de la ciudadanía y la población por falta de conocimiento al momento de realizar dichas construcciones. El método a emplear en la investigación es de Benedetti y Petrini (método Italiano) estima un índice de vulnerabilidad calculado en función de las características de la estructura que más influyen en su comportamiento sísmico, y lo relaciona con un índice de daño, que a su vez depende de la acción del movimiento sísmico. El diseño de la Investigación es, No experimental, Transversal y Descriptivo los resultados que se obtuvo son edificaciones con vulnerabilidad de baja, moderada y severo. Para esta investigación de tubo tamaño de la población (manzanas) = 191, donde la muestra a utilizar es (n = 128) manzanas a evaluar en le los sectores 19, 20, 21, y 22 de distrito de chorrillos. In the present research aims to systematize information on the characteristics of masonry buildings in a geospatial platform based applications built-in vulnerability (historic center Chiclayo) for vulnerability analysis and subsequently evaluate the seismic risk. Confined masonry buildings in AA.HH in specific fields of study. These are homes that are built without the supervision of a specialist (Civil Engineering), where homes are generally built by villagers themselves or foreman of the area who know the minimum requirements of the National Building Regulations. Given this scenario analysis has been conducted on eleven (11) parameters to determine the vulnerability and seismic risk. The method used in research is of Benedetti and Petrini (Italian method) estimates a vulnerability index calculated according to the structure characteristics that influence their seismic behavior, and links it to an index of damage, which in turn depends on the action of earthquake. The research design is not experimental, transversal and descriptive the results obtained are vulnerable buildings with low, moderate and severe. Nationwide studies of seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings are rare, because there is a lack of knowledge of the general population how to follow procedures (construction process) in the construction of such buildings, where this can help mitigate the problem before a seismic event with destructive effects and the lack of alternative solutions increases the risk before a seismic event.

The main purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the behavior of clay prisms grouted, partially grouted and ungrouted under compression loads in order to analyze the influence and performance of the grout, as well as to seek how to optimize its applicability. For that, testing was done with different grouts and grouting ratios. The testing was done in 120 prisms under simple axial compression load, where sets of prisms had two different types of mortar (A1 and A2), three different grouts (G1, G2 e G3) and four different ratios of grouted cavities (0%, 33%, 66% e 100%). For this testing, all the materials and components were previously characterized. Based on experimental data, the analysis of the results was done taking into account the different sets of prisms grouping them according to their mortar, grout and grouting ratio. The variance analysis for the sample was done in order to prove the existence of significant differences among the various group combinations. It was also performed a comparison among the data found and results gathered by other researchers. Another investigation was done regarding the fracture behavior of prisms and the influence of interactions among block, mortar and grout was observed. Through the analysis of the results, some of the conclusions regarding the behavior of prisms were: the importance of the mortar s strength for the compression strength of the prisms; the increase in the strength of the grout does not indicate a significant increase in the prisms strength; the significant increase in the prisms strength is noticed only when the totality of the prisms cavities are grouted. Overall, the use of masonry walls with partially grouted cavities is efficient if properly used. For that, the types of grout and mortar must be suitable to and in accordance with the mechanical behavior of the blocks used. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal avaliar o comportamento de prismas de blocos cerâmicos grauteados, parcialmente grauteados e não-grauteados sob a ação de cargas de compressão para que se possa analisar a influência e o desempenho do graute e buscar sua otimização. Para tanto, foram realizados ensaios experimentais de prismas com diferentes tipos de grautes e porcentagens de grauteamento. O método de pesquisa compreendeu o ensaio de compressão axial simples de 120 prismas contrafiados de blocos cerâmicos com a utilização de dois tipos de argamassa (A1 e A2), três tipos de grautes (G1, G2 e G3) e quatro diferentes porcentagens de células grauteadas (0%, 33%, 66% e 100%), onde todos os materiais e componentes empregados foram previamente caracterizados. Com base nos dados experimentais foi realizada uma análise dos resultados obtidos, por tipo de argamassa, tipo de graute e porcentagem de grauteamento utilizados. Para comprovar a existência de diferenças significativas entre as várias combinações de prismas ensaiados, foi feita a análise de variância da amostra ensaiada. De posse destes resultados, foram feitas comparações com resultados obtidos por outros autores. Também observou-se, neste trabalho, os modos de ruptura dos prismas e foi constatada a influência das interações entre bloco, argamassa e graute neste comportamento. Através da análise dos resultados pôde-se chegar a conclusões sobre o comportamento dos prismas, como: a importância da resistência da argamassa na resistência à compressão dos prismas; um aumento não significativo de resistência dos prismas ao aumentar a resistência do graute; e um ganho efetivo de resistência dos prismas somente ao terem a totalidade de suas células grauteadas. De modo geral, conclui-se que a utilização do grauteamento parcial em painéis de alvenaria é eficiente desde que seja utilizado de forma adequada, havendo compatibilização da dosagem de traços de grautes e argamassas com as características mecânicas dos blocos utilizados.

This work has as main objective to analyze the mechanical behavior of prisms run with ceramic bricks and filled with mortar or grout, checking their influence when subjected to centric compression. An experimental program consists of four different types of prisms was developed. They were used for making the prisms blocks of three different Manufacturers. The ceramics were randomly named as Manufacturer 1 Manufacturer 2 and Manufacturer 3, manufacturers have provided the following resistance of structural blocks: Manufacturer 1 - fbk (A) 6 MPa, Manufacturer 2 - fbk (E) 7 MPa and fbk (C) 15 MPa Manufacturer 3 - FBK (B) and 6 MPa FBK (D) 15 MPa.The prisms were molded with industrialized mortar. Each prism type with its respective resistors blocks were molded as follows: hollow prism, prisms filled with grout (the larger castings), the same used in the settlement, and prisms filled with grout, totaling 320 prisms, which were subjected to tests to simple axial compression. The results were analyzed statistically by the Tukey test at 5% significance level. It was concluded that the grout used not added significant increase in resistance to the prisms, the study can not say whether it is possible or not to replace the grout by mortar, to fill the cast, as well as adequate strength of the mortar used in filling It should be further studied. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo principal analisar o comportamento mecânico de prismas executados com blocos cerâmicos e preenchidos com argamassa ou graute, verificando a sua influência quando submetidos à compressão centrada. Foi desenvolvido um programa experimental composto por quatro diferentes tipos de prismas. Foram utilizados para confecção dos prismas blocos de três diferentes cerâmicas. As cerâmicas foram nomeadas aleatoriamente como Fabricante 1, Fabricante 2 e Fabricante 3. Os fabricantes forneceram as seguintes resistências de Blocos Estruturais: Fabricante 1 fbk(A) 6 MPa, Fabricante 2 fbk(E) 7 MPa e fbk(C) 15 MPa, Fabricante 3 fbk(B) 6 MPa e fbk(D) 15 MPa. Os prismas foram moldados com argamassa industrializada. Cada tipo de prisma, com suas respectivas resistências de blocos, foi moldado da seguinte forma: prismas ocos, prismas preenchidos com argamassa (nos vazados maiores), a mesma utilizada no assentamento; e prismas preenchidos com graute, totalizando 320 prismas, os quais foram submetidos a ensaios à compressão axial simples.Os resultados foram analisados estatisticamente através do Teste de Tukey com nível de significância de 5%. Concluiu-se que o graute utilizado não agregou significativo acréscimo de resistência aos prismas. Pelo estudo realizado não se pode afirmar se é possível ou não substituir o graute pela argamassa, no preenchimento dos vazados, assim como a resistência adequada da argamassa com uso no preenchimento deve ser novamente estudada.

The main water transport properties of clay brick are critically examined in respect of suction and water content. An experimental investigation is carried out to compare the sorptivity and vacuum saturation porosity with suction and “porosity” tests in the standards. The water retaining ability (desorptivity) of freshly mixed hydraulic lime and cement mortars is examined and the effect of hydraulicity, pozzolanic and non-pozzolanic additive materials, binder particle size and the chemistry of mix water on the water retentivity of these mortars are investigated. The inter-relationship of substrate (brick) suction and desorptivity of freshly mixed wet lime and cement mortar are investigated. It is shown that the initial setting time of dewatered freshly-mixed mortars is reduced by a factor of up to 80% and the final setting time is reduced by a factor of 60%. The extent of this reduction depends on hydraulicity. For the cured mortars, following dewatering in the wet state, the compressive and flexural strengths are increased by about 40% for cement mortar and by more than 3 times for lime mortar. The sorptivity of hardened cement and lime mortars is reduced by 80%. These results have implications for the British and European standards where mortars are cast in impermeable steel moulds in which dewatering cannot occur prior to setting. The accuracy of the methodology of the American Petroleum Institute (API) pressure cell technique for testing the water retaining ability of fresh mortars was critically examined. An experimental investigation was carried out in two parts, first by changing the controlled variables of the experimental set up. Second the consequences for the results obtained were evaluated. Experimental verification is undertaken of the fundamental Sharp Front equation S=(2KΨf)^(1/2) which describes the inter-relationship of capillary pressure, sorptivity, porosity and hydraulic conductivity.

In this work the compression behavior of masonry was investigated. After a detailed review of code approaches and different research works, a new formula was suggested to describe the compression strength of masonry, based on the mechanical and geometrical properties of its components, when deformation properties of units are larger than the ones of mortar. Later on, a new model, Extended Drucker-Prager Cap Yielding Function, is suggested to describe the three axial compression stress state of mortar in masonry in case deformation properties of mortar are larger than the ones of mortar, and to describe the three axial compression stress state of brick in the other case. This includes defining its parameters based on test diagrams of the mortar material, implementing the model in the numerical software ANSYS, and the numerical results are evaluated for simple cube example. The controlling equations of creep based on the visco-elastic creep theory are presented in the general case of three axial creep under three axial loading conditions. The special case of three axial creep under axial loading is also presented. The “transversal creep” relevant for the compression strength of masonry was discussed and numerical examples have been added to show the effect of changed time-dependent Poisson’s ratio. In another chapter, many examples are presented showing the application of the suggested material models and discontinuous numerical method named eXtended finite element method. Conclusions and recommendations are given in the last chapter.

Le métro de Paris, exploité par la Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP), compte aujourd’hui seize lignes et transporte environ 5 millions de passagers par jour. L’ensemble des infrastructures du métro est essentiellement souterrain et a été construit pour la plupart au début du XXe siècle. Environ 85% des tunnels sont composés d’une voûte en maçonnerie et de piédroits et radier en béton non armé. Certains de ces ouvrages présentent des pathologies de dégradation, notamment des fissures en clé de voûte et des discontinuités dans le contact tunnel-sol encaissant. Lors de travaux dans les tunnels ou à proximité, le comportement de la maçonnerie de la voûte est difficile à appréhender, d’une part parce que les matériaux constitutifs sont rarement étudiés de façon approfondie et d’autre part parce qu’il existe peu de modèles de calcul qui intègrent l’environnement particulier de ces tunnels. La thèse décrit un modèle de comportement permettant de représenter au mieux le comportement des voûtes en maçonnerie de tunnel. Ce modèle a été implanté dans un code de calcul par éléments finis, afin de pouvoir évaluer l’influence de travaux à proximité. Pour cela, un modèle existant dans la littérature a été choisi et adapté : le comportement des voûtes en maçonnerie est représenté par une loi de comportement qui combine une technique d’homogénéisation de la maçonnerie et une loi d’endommagement isotrope décrivant l’évolution des propriétés mécaniques des matériaux constitutifs, ce qui permet de reproduire de façon implicite le comportement non linéaire orthotrope de la voûte ; le comportement des piédroits et du radier est représenté par une loi d’endommagement isotrope. Le modèle proposé, implanté dans le code de calcul CESAR-LCPC, permet de reproduire le mécanisme de ruine d’un tunnel par la formation de rotules. Parallèlement au travail de modélisation, la thèse présente une campagne d’essais de laboratoire qui caractérise les matériaux constitutifs de la voûte et des piédroits et du radier, et qui donne la valeur des paramètres du modèle. Ces essais ont été réalisés sur des éprouvettes issues de carottes prélevées in situ. Enfin, le modèle numérique, alimenté par les caractéristiques mécaniques issues des essais en laboratoire, est utilisé pour simuler la réponse d’un tunnel en maçonnerie à des chargements appliqués à proximité. Cette modélisation a été conduite sur deux cas d’étude concernant le réseau du métro parisien / The Paris subway system, operated by the Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP), has sixteen lines and carries about 5 million passengers daily. The infrastructure is mostly underground and was built predominantly in the early twentieth century. About 85% of the tunnels are built with a masonry vault and unreinforced concrete sidewalls and slab. Some of these structures show degradation pathologies, notably cracks at the crown of the tunnel and discontinuities at the tunnel – soil interface. When civil engineering works are carried out in the tunnels or nearby, the behavior of the masonry vault is difficult to predict, firstly because the constitutive materials of the tunnel are rarely thoroughly studied and secondly because there are few models that incorporate the particular behavior of these tunnels. The thesis describes a model that represents the behavior of the masonry tunnel vaults. This model was implemented in a finite element code in order to assess the influence of nearby engineering works. In the selected approach, an existing model was selected from the literature and adapted to our study: the behavior of the masonry vault is represented by the selected model that combines a homogenization technique for the masonry and an isotropic damage law describing the evolution of the mechanical properties of each component, thus reproducing implicitly the nonlinear orthotropic behavior of the vault; the behavior of the sidewalls and slab is represented by an isotropic damage law. The proposed model, implemented in the computer code CESAR-LCPC, reproduces the failure mechanism of a tunnel by the formation of hinges. Alongside the modeling work, a laboratory test campaign was undertaken to characterize the materials of the vault, sidewalls and slab, and to estimate the model parameters. These tests were carried out on specimens taken from cores extracted in situ. Finally, the numerical model, along with the characteristics obtained from laboratory testing, is used to simulate the response of a masonry tunnel subjected to loads applied nearby in two case studies on the Paris subway system