The nature of range ¡§ automobile ¡§ has high technology and traditional science both together. It expands living habit and areas for the human beings but also lead hazard and risky on environment and safety. What is the value of competition about the automobile? What are the cons and pros on traditional manufactures with United States, Japan and Germany? Any structure change from then until now? The subject essay is based upon the automobile research report, which was issued on 1990 by MIT, analysis of GM with The United States, Toyota with Japan and Volkswagen with the Germany 1991-2005 financial statements and volume production strategy to continue the analysis. The automobile manufactures were following the model of productions TPS after MIT research report was announced. The above companies were not being able to follow and copy the model very successfully. Because that past successful enterprise cultural was difficult to abandon and among different countries cultural background and basis were total different and individual. They could only practice the fur of Japanese Toyota. For example, GM was combined with Toyota to build up factory as issue; looks like GM have had good flow and function on inventory turn over percentage and cost of sales volume. After operation factors were getting worse even turn their inefficiency out to the fact. The traditional craftsman¡¦s art with Germany were become the sign of obstacle to the TPS.

Thesis (M.S.)--Florida State University, 2005. / Advisor: Susan S. Fiorito, Florida State University, College of Human Sciences, Dept. of Textiles and Consumer Sciences. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 27, 2006). Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 80 pages. Includes bibliographical references.

Orientador: Antônio Wagner Forti / Banca: Bruno Chaves Franco / Banca: Carlos Alberto Chaves / Resumo: Este trabalho compara qualitativamente sete métodos de modularização, com o objetivo de escolher e aplicar aqueles que melhor se adaptam ao projeto piloto de modularização de uma suspensão traseira a ar para caminhões e ônibus. Dentre os métodos estudados, os métodos MFD (Modular Function Deployment) e DSM (Design Structure Matrix) foram escolhidos, basicamente em função de possuírem: aplicação prática, repetibilidade dos resultados, softwares disponíveis e facilidade de organização dos dados. O método DSM serviu de base para gerar os primeiros possíveis módulos e simplificar o problema dos inicias 44 componentes para 26, simplesmente com uma visão funcional e técnica. O MFD foi utilizado principalmente para estruturar o processo de modularização e atender aos requisitos dos clientes e estratégias do negócio. Os resultados apresentados pelos dois métodos foram analisados de forma detalhada e indicaram a formação de sete módulos, que foram obtidos tanto diretamente dos métodos DSM e MFD, quanto da combinação de ambos. Ficou evidente, através dos resultados alcançados, que a utilização conjunta desses dois métodos, juntamente com a análise criteriosa dos resultados no desenvolvimento do produto aumentou consideravelmente a eficiência do processo de modularização / Abstract: This work presents and compares qualitatively seven modularization methods, in order to choose and apply those that best suits for a rear air suspension modularization pilot project for trucks and buses. Among the methods studied, the MFD (Modular Function Deployment) and DSM (Design Structure Matrix) methods were mainly chosen on the basis that they present: practical application, repeatability, software availability and ease data organization. The DSM method was the basis to generate the first possible modules and simplify the problem from the initial 44 to 26 components, only with a functional and technical approach. The MFD was mainly used to structure the modularization process and meet the customer requirements and business strategies. The results shown by the two methods were analyzed in detail and resulted in the generation of seven modules, which were obtained either directly from DSM and MFD methods, or from the combination of both. It became evident, by the results achieved, that the combined use of these two methods, along with a careful analysis of the results on product development, greatly increased the modularization process efficiency / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-06-22Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:39:43Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 benett_cgs_me_ilha.pdf: 877655 bytes, checksum: 7a270b847d6125a8d16d81223263abf7 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O nitrogênio é o nutriente que mais tem incrementado a produtividade e a qualidade das forrageiras. O trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito de doses e fontes de nitrogênio nas características produtivas e qualitativas da Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 5x3x3, 5 doses, 3 fontes de nitrogênio e 3 cortes, com 4 repetições. As doses de N foram: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg ha-1 após cada corte), com as fontes: Entec, Sulfato de Amônio e Uréia, além de 3 cortes realizados em novembro/2006, dezembro/2006 e janeiro/2007. As coletas foram realizadas com intervalos entre corte de 30, 30 e 34 dias onde se determinou a produtividade de massa seca, teor de proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro e fibra em detergente ácido. Houve interação para a produtividade de massa seca (kg ha-1) quando se testaram doses de nitrogênio e época de corte. Para os teores de proteína bruta houve interação entre cortes e fontes nitrogenadas, assim como para cortes e doses de nitrogênio. Para fibra em detergente neutro houve efeito significativo para corte e para doses de nitrogênio. Houve interação significativa das doses de nitrogênio e corte para fibra em detergente ácido. Independente da fonte nitrogenada a aplicação de doses crescentes de até 200 kg de N ha-1 por aplicação na forrageira Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu proporcionou incremento na produção de massa seca melhorando a composição bromatológica por aumentar os teores de PB e NDT e, diminuição dos teores de FDN e FDA. / Nitrogen is the nutrient that has more contributed to increase the productivity and quality of the pastures. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of doses and sources of nitrogen in the productivity characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu. A randomized block design in a factorial scheme 5x3x3, with 4 repetitions was used. The treatments were constituted by 5 doses of nitrogen: 0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg ha-1 after each cut, 3 sources: Entec, Ammonium sulfate and Urea, besides 3 cuts, accomplished with intervals of 30, 30 and 34 days to evaluate the production of dry mass, crude protein content, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber. There was interaction of nitrogen doses and cut time to dry mass (kg ha-1). For crude protein content there was interaction between cuts and sources as well as for cut and doses of nitrogen. To neutral detergent fiber there was effect for cut and nitrogen doses and for acid detergent fiber interaction to nitrogen doses and cut. Independently of the source the application up to 200 kg of N ha-1 in each application in the forrageira Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu provided increment in the production of dry mass improving the quality composition for increasing the PB and NDT content and, decreasing the FDN and FDA content.

A atual pesquisa faz parte do grupo de pesquisa, cadastrado no Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, sobre moda na cadeia têxtil, tendo como foco as questões sociais da cadeia produtiva da manufatura do vestuário de moda. O mercado de produto de vestuário de moda massificado enfrenta grandes dificuldades com consumidores que desejam produtos personalizados e serviços rápidos, eficientes e, ao mesmo tempo, conforme suas necessidades. Cada vez mais as empresas do setor de vestuário necessitam de gestões eficientes a partir de novas estratégias alinhadas com as novas tecnologias visando o desenvolvimento, a produção e a comercialização do produto com o objetivo de atender a demanda do mercado consumidor. As empresas que apostam nesses produtos personalizados estão descobrindo que as soluções convencionais poderão ser extintas e que há necessidades de novas práticas para estarem aptos a desenvolver os produtos e serviços que atendam às necessidades e aos desejos dos seus consumidores. O processo de diferenciação e personalização na manufatura do vestuário da moda ocorre de forma cada vez mais acelerada. Neste contexto, a indústria em seu processo de desenvolvimento de novos produtos se antecipa buscando descobrir tendências, a fim de produzir de forma otimizada e atender a demanda de consumidores específicos que desejam ser percebidos de forma cada vez mais individualizada. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo geral estudar a diferenciação e personalização da produção através da customização em massa, atendendo a demanda de um determinado público-alvo. Em relação aos procedimentos metodológicos, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas que resultaram na fundamentação teórica, a qual auxiliou na construção dos questionários com perguntas semiestruturas, a serem aplicadas nos estudos de casos com empresas que utilizam estratégias de diferenciação do produto, através da customização em massa. Após, foi possível analisar os casos, bem como comparar por meio de quadros, as estratégias e processos utilizados pelas por estas empresas. Os resultados permitiram confirmar quais estratégias e processos são necessários para prática efetiva do produto diferenciado e personalizado através da customização em massa. Portanto, este estudo se justifica pela importância social e econômica do setor têxtil e da moda e pela escassez de bibliografia acerca do tema. Espera-se assim que essa pesquisa possa lançar luz em um campo pouco pesquisado, além contribuir com referencial bibliográfico / The present research is part of the research group, registered with the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development, on fashion in the textile chain, focusing on social issues of the productive chain of manufacture of fashion apparel. The massiveness fashion apparel product market faces great difficulties with consumers who want customized products and fast, efficient and at the same time, as needed. More and more clothing sector firms need efficient efforts from new strategies aligned with new technologies for the development, production and marketing of the product in order to meet the demand of the consumer market. The companies that invest in these customized products are finding that conventional solutions may be extinct and that there is need for new practices to be able to develop products and services that meet the needs and desires of its consumers. The differentiation and customization process in the fashion garment manufacturing is increasingly accelerated rate. In this context, the industry in the development process of new products anticipates seeking to discover trends in order to produce optimally and meet the demand for specific consumers who wish to be perceived increasingly individualized. This research has the general objective to study the differentiation and customization of production through mass customization, meeting the demand of a targeted audience. Regarding the methodological procedures were conducted literature searches that resulted in the theoretical foundation, which helped build the questionnaires with semi-structured questions, to be applied in the case studies with companies using product differentiation strategies through mass customization. After it was possible to analyze the cases and compare through frameworks, strategies and processes used by these companies. The results confirm what strategies and processes are needed for effective practice of differentiated and personalized product through mass customization. Therefore, this study is justified by the social and economic importance of the textile sector and fashion and the lack of literature on the subject. It is hoped that this research will shed light on a little-researched field, besides contributing to bibliographic references

Metarhizium rileyi é um importante fungo patogênico a várias espécies de pragas desfolhadoras da família Noctuidae. Existe uma grande demanda para a produção em escala deste fungo, mas ainda não há produtos comerciais no mercado brasileiro. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram avaliar a produção de conídios de M. rileyi por fermentação sólida usando diferentes grãos e cereais e a produção de blastosporos por fermentação líquida em meios com diferentes fontes de carbono e nitrogênio. Na produção de conídios em substrato sólido, foi empregado o isolado ESALQ 1305 em oito tratamentos com grãos/cereais incubados por 15 dias. Para os experimentos de produção de blastosporos em substrato líquido, foram conduzidos quatro experimentos sequenciais onde foram testados diferentes meios e concentrações de células oriundas do pré-cultivo e diferentes fontes e concentrações de carbono, nitrogênio, relação C:N e tempo de cultivo. Os dados foram submetidos a análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 5%. Os substratos sólidos que resultaram em maior produção de conídios foram o feijão fradinho moído sem peneirar (7,4 ± 2,8 x 108 conídios.g-1) e trigo moído peneirado (3,3 ± 1,2 x 108 conídios.g-1). Nos experimentos de fermentação líquida a 300 R.P.M e 25 °C observou-se que os meios desenvolvidos por Jaronski e Jackson (2012) com relação C:N de 50:1, proporcionam as maiores concentrações de blastosporos de M. rileyi. Os melhores resultados foram obtidos no último experimento com o isolado ESALQ 1305 quando o pré-cultivo foi realizado com meio contendo 36 g.L-1 de concentração de carbono e relação C:N de 50:1, posteriormente inoculado na razão de 105 blastosporos.mL-1 nos meios de cultivo contendo 40 g.L-1 e 80 g.L-1 de carbono, tendo extrato de levedura como fonte proteica, obtendo-se concentrações de 3,6 ± 1,6 x 109 blastosporos.mL-1 e 4,0 ± 0,6 x 109 blastosporos.mL-1, respectivamente, após quatro dias. Os resultados demonstram a viabilidade da produção de blastosporos de M. rileyi, por fermentação líquida. / Metarhizium rileyi is an important fungus pathogenic to various species of defoliating pests of the family Noctuidae. There is a great demand for mass production of this fungus, but there is still no commercial products in the Brazilian market. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the conidial production of M. rileyi by solid fermentation using different grains and cereals and the production of blastospores by liquid fermentation in media with different sources of carbon and nitrogen. In the production of conidia in solid substrate, the isolated ESALQ 1305 was used in eight treatments with grains/cereals incubated for 15 days. For the production of blastospores in liquid substrate, four sequential experiments were conducted using different media, concentrations of pre-cultivation, sources of carbon, nitrogen, C:N ratio and cultivation time where tested. Data were analyzed by the use of ANOVA and post hoc comparisons of means using the Tukey\'s test to 5%. The solid substrates resulting in higher production of conidia were black-eyed beans milled without sieving (7.4 ± 2.8 x 108 conidia.g-1) and wheat milled and sieved (3.3 ± 1.2 x 108 conidia.g-1). In the liquid fermentation experiments to 300 R.P.M. and 25 °C it was observed that the media developed by Jaronski and Jackson (2012) with C:N ratio of 50:1, provides the greatest concentration of blastospores of M. rileyi. The best results were obtained in the last experiment with the isolate ESALQ 1305, when the pre-cultivation was conducted in media containing concentration of carbon of 36 g.L-1 and C:N ratio of 50:1, inoculated in the ratio of 105 blastosporos.mL-1 in culture media containing 40 g.L-1 and 80 g.L-1 of carbon, using yeast extract as protein source, obtaining the concentrations of 3.6 ± 1.6 x 109 blastospores.mL-1 and 4.0 ± 0.6 x 109 blastospores.mL-1, respectively, after four days. The results demonstrate the viability of high-yield production of blastospores of M. rileyi by liquid fermentation.

The thesis is focused on concept of manufacturing technology for rotary part in case of mass production. The main aim was established suitable manufacturing technology for rotary part, choosing lathe machine, cutting tools and creating of NC program. The part of diploma thesis contains configuration of lathe machine in software Sinumerik. Document includes also the basic rules for developing NC program for two channels lathe.

The thesis is focused on the creation of production technology for unit and series production for FDM print head. Production will be set in a private company Pevot product, s.r.o. For the production will be used machines, tools and technologies that the company commonly uses. On the basis of creation of production processes will be calculated price of the print head and it will be compared with the price of a similar product currently available on the Internet. After comparing the company may decide , if itself will produce and offer on the market.

Throughout the years, different theories and models have been developed regarding multi-national enterprises' (MNEs') entry into foreign markets. One such model is the Organisational Model, identifying three different types of enterprise, each selecting a different mode of market entry during foreign market expansion. These are: massproduction enterprises, disaggregate-production enterprises and project-based enterprises. This model was based on studies focusing mainly on the US, Europe and Asia. Research indicates, however, that MNEs increasingly identify sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) as a region for possible expansion. In view of persistent risk within the SSA region, this study's focus is on determining which entry modes MNEs use when entering a perceived high-risk market in SSA. This research study focused on MNEs that have expanded or are currently expanding into a perceived high-risk country in SSA. A qualitative research design was selected, applying an in-depth case study analysis to six different MNEs two MNEs representing each type of enterprise as categorised by the Organisational Model. Semi-structured personal interviews were conducted with each participant. Each interview focused on elements relating to the MNE's perception of, and approach to selecting entry mode into, high-risk markets. Findings predominantly did not find support for the Organisational Model, indicating that MNEs entering perceived high-risk markets in SSA preferred different entry mode strategies and approached risk consideration differently. Some findings did confirm the literature, by indicating that MNEs consider country risk when entering a foreign market in SSA. / Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2016. / Business Management / MCom / Unrestricted

Purpose – The purpose is to explore how SMEs can initiate transformation towards AI. The purpose will be fulfilled through identifying which opportunities that exist for SMEs and which challenges they are facing. Additionally, we will identify which requirements are necessary to face these challenges. Method – A qualitative approach was most suitable for this study since the purpose is to explore how SMEs can initiate transformation towards AI. It was also suitable since we have collected data through interviews. We have done a single case study where we have studied one supply chain. Finally, we have had an inductive research approach which means that we have gathered a theoretical background which has founded the base and the background for our study, but our interviews have founded the result of the study and created a conclusion based on that. Findings –The result of the study provides identified opportunities with AI for SMEs, what challenges can occur, and which requirements that are needed to face the challenges. The opportunities are identified as forecasting, maintenance and repair, self-optimization, and tracing and tracking. The identified challenges when initiating transformation towards AI are cultural difficulties, lack of external communication, lack of internal communication, limited internal processes, and lack of resources. The requirements are identified as automation, data, strategy, and capabilities. The opportunities, challenges and requirements are summarized in a framework. Theoretical and Managerial Implications – We have contributed to literature by exploring how an SME, as a mass production company, can benefit from AI by identifying opportunities, challenges, and requirements. Additionally, the framework guides SMEs to prepare for opportunities with AI and ensure that they have all of the requirements. Further, by understanding which requirements that are necessary for a transformation and which challenges that can occur, managers can reduce risk of failing projects. Limitations and Future Research –The number of studied companies together with that the study is a single case study limits the generalizability. It creates a suggestion for future research where a wider set of data can be collected. Additionally, we have identified challenges that can occur, however how companies should face these challenges in the best way is a suggestion for future research.